MARTINDALE'S CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER PART I: F-H HAM RADIO ACOUSTICS, NOISE EXPOSURE, SOUND, MICROPHONE & SPEAKER DESIGN (Calculators, Applets, Spreadsheets, and where Applicable includes: Courses, Manuals, Handbooks, Simulations, Animations, Videos, etc.)

US/Pacific: Monday, March 15, 2010 Sydney, Australia: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 File Download Time Calculator Author, E-Mail, Privacy Policy & Disclaimer Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains over "23,825" Calculators & Spreadsheets, over "3,835" Courses, Lectures, Manuals, Handbooks, & "1,000's" of Movies, Videos, Simulations & Animations

HAM RADIO Amateur & Commercial Radio Exams Amateur Radio Design ~ Antenna ~ Call Sign ~ Distance & Location Grid Location ACOUSTICS, NOISE, SOUND, SPEAKER DESIGN, ETC. Acoustics Indoor & OutdoorAcoustics & Audio Systmem (Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) Music Acoustics & Vibrations ~ Room Acoustics, Eigenmodes & Reverberation Time Noise & Noise Exposure Sound (Absorption of Sound, Speed of Sound, Sound Pressure Level, etc.) Microphone Design Speaker Design How a Speaker Works ~ Circuit, Box & Speaker Design ~ Crossover Car Speaker Design ~ Loudspeaker Design Calculators On-Line Center, Part I:F-H Calculators On-Line Center

Ham Radio

Amateur & Commercial Radio Exams AMATEUR RADIO CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COMMERCIAL RADIO CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FOR MORSE CODE CALCULATORS SEE CALCULATOR CENTER PART I A-E: MORSE CODE AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICE EXAM AMATEUR RADIO LICENSING - Federal Communications Commission (FAA) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Amateur Radio Licensing "...Operation of an amateur station requires an amateur operator license grant from the FCC. Before receiving a license grant, you must pass an examination administered by a team of volunteer examiners (VEs). The VEs determine the license operator class for which you are qualified through the testing of your skills and abilities in operating an amateur station..." For more information see Licensing - Universal Licensing System (ULS); FCC Licensing Systems or the Federal Communications Commission (FAA) HAM RADIO ONLINE PRACTICE EXAMS - Michael H. Burkhardt VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Ham Radio Practice Exams include: "...Technician Class Practice Exam; General Class Practice Exam; Extra Class Practice Exam; Customize a Practice Exam..." For more information see Michael Burkhardt's Ham Radio Shacketeria HAM RADIO PRACTICE EXAMS - eHam.Net VERY EXTENSIVE. Ham Radio Practice Exams "...You will be given a mock exam. Select your answer to each question and then submit them to the eHam.net examiner robot. Your exam will be scored, you will be given your exam results. You will also be shown the correct answers to each question..." Ham Radio Practice Exams include "...Technician Ham Radio Practice Exam; General Ham Radio Practice Exam; Extra Ham Radio Practice Exam..." For more information see the eHam.Net QRZ'S PRACTICE AMATEUR RADIO EXAMS - Fred Lloyd, QRZ VERY EXTENSIVE. Amateur Radio Exams "..This testing system serves as a training aid to help amateurs and prospective amateurs in passing the FCC exams neccessary to obtain US amateur radio licenses. If you can consistently pass the exams given here, you should almost certainly pass an actual VEC administered exam..." Amateur Radio Exams include: "...Technician Class Practice Exam; General Class Practice Exam; Extra Class Practice Exam..." For more information see QRZ COMMERCIAL OPERATOR LICENSE EXAM FCC COMMERCIAL OPERATOR LICENSE PROGRAM EXAMINATION QUESTION POOLS - Federal Communications Commission (FCC) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Commercial Operator License Program "...Examination question pools, with answers, are available for downloading..." For more information see FCC Commercial Operator License Program: Examinations; FCC Commercial Operator License Program; Wireless Telecommunications Bureau (WTB) or the Federal Communications Commission (FCC); Amateur Radio Design AMATEUR RADIO DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AMATEUR RADIO AND AUDIO CALCULATIONS AMATEUR RADIO AND DX REFERENCE GUIDE - Rod Dinkins - AC6V VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Amateur Radio and DX Reference Guide HAM-RADIO, SHORTWAVE & CB-RADIO GUIDE - The DXZone.com Ham radio guide VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. AMATEUR RADIO CALCULATORS, PROJECTS, ETC. - VK10D, Owen Duffy Multimedia Amateur Radio Projects, Articles, Calculators, Reports, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Some examples of Amateur Radio Projects include: "...Field Strength Meter software; Passive DI box; Sound card microphone preamplifier; Inverted L for HF; TuneMate for Icom transceivers; PIK - PIC Iambic Keyer; Narooma End Fed Wire; Antenna mast for experimental use; Earthing system at VK1OD; VK1CAE Experimental FlexDigi Node; etc..." Some examples from over "12" Amateur Radio Calculators include Field Strength/Receive Power Converter Field Strength/Receive Power Converter Calculator INPUT Values include: Field Strength "...FS Bandwidth; Distance to Source; Frequency..." Receiver "...Receiver Bandwidth; Distance to Source; Receiver Input Resistance; Antenna Gain; Additional Loss..." Noise Figure Y Factor Method Calculator Noise Figure Y Factor Method Calculator INPUT Values include: "...General Inputs; Noise Source; Instrument Calibrations; Measurements..." RF Transmission Line Loss Calculator RF Transmission Line Loss Calculator INPUT Values include: Transmission Line Type "...Andrew; ARRL Generic; Belden; Davis BURY-FLEX; JIS; Open/Air Dielectric; RFI; RG; etc..." Length; Frequency; Mismatch (None, Zload, Yload, etc.)..." EMR MPE Standards Compliance Evaluation Tool EMR MPE Standards Compliance Evaluation Calculator INPUT Values include: Antenna "...PEP input; Gain; Ground Reflection; Frequency; etc..." Modulation "...Modulation Type; Modulation Factor Percentage; Transmitter On or Off..." Scenarios. Calculator to support Manual Testing of Field-Strength Levels Using Conventional Receivers Manual Testing of Field-Strength Levels Using Conventional Receivers Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Receiver Bandwidth; Attenuator; Frequency; Receiver noise floor; etc..." AMATEUR RADIO AND AUDIO CALCULATORS - J. Owen, Wirral Peninsula, County of Merseyside, U.K. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Amateur Radio & Electronics or John Owen's Home Page Some examples from over "24" Radio Calculators & Audio Calculators include Antenna EiRP Estimator Antenna EiRP Estimator Calculator INPUT Values include: Power; Frequency; Coax Length; Coax Type "...RG58C/U; RG174A/U; UR 43, 67 & 95; etcs..." Antenna Type "...Half-wave Dipole; 5/8 Wave; 2, 3 & 4 Element Yagi; Quad Loop; 3, 3 & 4 Element Quad; Other..." Gain..." Single-Layer Coil Designer Single-Layer Coil Designer Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Internal Diameter of Coil; Length of Coil; Required Inductance; Dust Core (Yes or No)..." Op-Amp Circuit Design Op-Amp Circuit Design Calculator INPUT Values include: Type of Op-Amp Circut "...Inverting; Non-inverting; Divverential..." Ra; Rf; V1; V2. Zener Diode Selector Zener Diode Selector Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Maximum Imput Voltage; Minimum Input Voltage; Required Output Voltage; Maximum Load Current..." COIL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COIL DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS COIL DESIGNER (JAVA APPLET) - J. Ponton, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K. Coil Designer Calculators include: Coil Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Inductance; Diameter; Length; Turns; Wire..." Toroid Design Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Inductance; Size; Material..." Wire Gauge Conversion Calculator For more information see the Coil Designs; GM0RWU's Software and Projects Page; Radio Page or Jack Ponton's Home Page SINGLE-LAYER COIL DESIGNER CALCULATOR - J. Owen, Wirral Peninsula, County of Merseyside, U.K. Single-Layer Coil Designer Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Internal Diameter of Coil; Length of Coil; Required Inductance; etc..." For more information see Amateur Radio & Audio Calculators; Amateur Radio & Electronics or John Owen's Home Page SINGLE LAYER AIR COIL INDUCTANCE CALCULATOR - Darryl Boyd Single Layer Air Coil Inductance Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Solve for: Inductance, Diameter, Turns or Coil Length; Coil Diameter; Number of turns; Coil Length; etc..." For more information see Stay Tuned Crystal Radio and Tube Radio Web Site CONVERT & CORRECT DIAL READINGS CALCULATORS & APPLETS CONVERT GR821A READINGS TO ADMITTANCE/IMPEDANCE (JAVA APPLET) - K. Schmidt, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University Convert GR821A readings to admittance/impedance Applet "...converts the dial readings of a General Radio GR821A Twin-T impedance measuring circuit to admittance and impedance values incorporating residual corrections..." For more information see Kevin Schmidt's Home Page VSWR CALCULATORS & APPLETS VSWR CALCULATOR - P-N Designs, Inc. VSWR Calculator INPUT Values include: "...VSWR, Reflection Coefficient, or Return Loss..." For more information see Microwave Calculators or Microwave 101 VSWR CALCULATOR - Owen Duffy VERY EXTENSIVE. VSWR Calculator is "...designed to model the common configuration where a transmitter which is designed for a particular load impedance, is connected to a an antenna of that impedance, over transmission line of the same characteristic impedance..." For more information see VK1OD Tools or VK1OD VSWR REDUCTION CALCULATOR - Spectrum Microwave VSWR Reduction Calculator "...One technique to reduce the reflected signal from the input or output of any device is to place an attenuator before or after the device. The attenuator reduces the reflected signal two times the value of the attenuation, while the transmitted signal receives the nominal attenuation value..." VSWR Reduction Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Attenuation; VSWR or Return Loss; Gain of the device..." For more information see Tools or Spectrum Microwave

Antenna ANTENNA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ANTENNA SYSTEMS CALCULATORS & APPLETS ANTENNA SYSTEMS COURSES, LESSONS, PROJECTS & DATABASES INTRODUCTION TO WAVE PROPAGATION, RADIO WAVE PROPOGATION, PRINCIPLE OF TRANSMISSION LINES, AND ANTENNAS - Naval Electrical Engineering Training Series & Hosted by Integrated Publishing Multimedia Wave Propagation, Radio Wave Propagation, Principles Of Transmission Lines, & Antennas Course, Glossary, etc. (Text, Images, Animations & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Introduction to Wave Propagation, Transmission Lines, and Antennas "...Introduces wave propagation, transmission lines, and antenna theory. Topic 1 discusses wave motion, sound-wave terminology, light waves, properties of electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum. Topic 2 discusses radio-wave propagation, including components of radio waves, electromagnetic fields, and effects of the Earth's atmosphere and terrain on radio waves. Topic 3 discusses transmission line theory, including terminology..." Examples from over "60" Antenna Subchapters include: "...Principles Of Antenna Radiation; Current And Voltage Distribution On An Antenna; Radiation Of Electromagnetic Energy; Antenna Characteristics; Polarization; Radiation Resistance; Isotropic Radiation; Anisotropic Radiation; Antenna Loading; Basic Antennas; Folded Dipole; Array Antennas; etc..." For more information see Naval Electrical Engineering Training Series or Integrated Publishing AMATEUR RADIO, DX REFERENCE GUIDE, ANTENNA CALCULATORS, PLANS, ETC. - Rod Dinkins - AC6V VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Amateur Radio and DX Reference Guide HAM-RADIO, SHORTWAVE & CB-RADIO GUIDE, ANTENNA CALCULATORS, PLANS, ETC. - The DXZone.com Ham radio guide VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. ANTENNA ELMER - E. Oros & B. Cocco, The Elmer HAMlet VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Some examples from over "20" Antenna Calculators includes: "...HF/UHF Dipoles Calculator; Calculate Electrical Length of a Line; Folded Dipoles Calculator; Determine the Power Output to Antenna Calculator; How long should my Coax Cable be Calculator; Design Dipoles and Inverted Vees Calculator; Quarter Wave Line Matching Yransformer Calculator; etc..." N3DNO'S ANTENNA CALCULATORS - J.E. Stewart N3DNO's Antenna Calculators include: "...Find the length of a Dipole Calculator; 3 Element Yagi Calculator..." For more information see the Jim's Homepage ANTENNA SYSTEM EVALUATOR CALCULATORS & APPLETS ANTENNA SYSTEM EVALUATOR - CALCULATOR - VanVarden VERY EXTENSIVE. CB and Amateur Radio Antenna System Evaluator INPUT Values include: "...power from xmitter in watt; feed line loss in db; -1VSWR @ xmitter; Antenna gain in dBi..." For more information see the VanVarden family web page CUBICAL QUAD ANTENNA CALCULATORS & APPLETS CUBICAL QUAD ANTENNA CALCULATOR - VanVarden VERY EXTENSIVE. Cubical Quad Antenna JavaScript Calculator for CB and Amateur Radio Communications INPUT Values include: "...Center frequency..." Cubical Quad Antenna JavaScript Calculator for CB and Amateur Radio Communications OUTPUT Values include: "... Element Total Length; Wire One Side; Spreader Half Length; Spreader Full Length; Element Spacing..." For more information see the VanVarden family web page LINEAR ANTENNA CALCULATORS & APPLETS LINEAR ANTENNAS (JAVA APPLETS) - Amanogawa VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Linear Anatennas or Amanogawa Some examples from over "4" Linear Antenna Applets include Radiation Patterns of Two Linear Antennas Radiation Pattern of Linear Antenna T-NETWORK TUNER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS T-NETWORK TUNER SIMULATION (JAVA APPLET) - K. Schmidt, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University T-Network Tuner Simulator "...This is a simulator for the popular, series capacitor, parallel inductor T-network tuners...The autotune algorithm tries to minimize the inductance used by first finding a starting match by setting one of the capacitors to its maximum value and if that fails it tries each of the components at its current value..." For more information see Kevin Schmidt's Home Page YAGI ANTENNA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS YAGI ANTENNA MODELING APPLET (JAVA APPLET) - K. Schmidt, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University Yagi Modeler "...implements a simple yagi modeling code. The initial input is a really trivial 2 elmenent yagi. Click on calculate to have the applet calculate the driven element input impedance, gain, front to back ratio. The pattern is displayed on the graph. The upper part of the graph is..." For more information see Kevin Schmidt's Home Page Call Sign CALL SIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS & DATABASES CALLSIGN DATABASE CALLSIGN DATABASE SERVER - Amateur Radio Club, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas U.S. Amateur Radio Callsign "...This callsign database is updated daily and is derived from FCC license data...We hope it will be a useful resource for new hams waiting for their license and current hams waiting for an upgrade..." For more information see the University of Arkansas Little Rock's Amateur Radio Club Distance & Location FOR DISTANCE & LOCATION CALCULATORS SEE NAVIGATION CALCULATORS: DISTANCE & LOCATION Grid Location GRID LOCATION CALCULATORS & APPLETS EXAMPLES FOR GRID LOCATION & DISTANCE/LOCATION CALCULATORS SEE NAVIGATION CALCULATORS: DISTANCE & LOCATION SOME EXAMPLES OF GRID LOCATION CALCULATORS & APPLETSINCLUDE FIND OUT WHERE YOU ARE! - Alun Jones, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Find out where you are! "...Just fill in the form with your location. You can fill this in using lat/long, NGR or QRA locator and it will convert between them. I t's reasonably clever at spotting just what you typed in..." For more information see Da Penguin's Radio Page GRID SQUARE CALCULATOR - American Radio Relay League, Inc., Newington, CT VERY EXTENSIVE. Grid Square Calculator "...enter those values into the "degrees" fields and leave the "minutes" and "seconds" fields blank. If you know your latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes and seconds, enter the values into the appropriate fields. (Don't enter both decimal degrees and minutes/seconds!)..." For more information see Grid Info; ARRL Web Location Services or the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) Examples or other ARRL Calculators include ARRL Locator: Location by City and State ARRL Locator: Location by City and State "...This form lets you find the county, ARRL section, ARRL division, grid square and latitude/longitude of a location (city and state) in the US..."

Acoustics, Audio & Movies Acoustics, Noise Exposure,

Sound, Speaker Design, Horns, Loudspeakers

ACOUSTICS Indoor & Outdoor Acoustics & Audio Systmems Music Acoustics & Vibrations Room Acoustics, Eigenmodes & Reverberation Time NOISE & NOISE EXPOSURE SOUND (Absorption of Sound, Speed of Sound, Sound Pressure Level, etc.) MICROPHONE DESIGN SPEAKER DESIGN How a Speaker Works ~ Circuit, Box & Speaker Design Crossover ~ Car Speaker Design ~ Loudspeaker Design

Acoustics INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AUDIO & VIDEO ACOUSTICS & AUDIO SYSTEMS CALCULATORS & APPLETS ACOUSTICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ACOUSTICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ACOUSTIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AUDIO CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FOR RELATED ACOUSTICS COURSES, LESSONS, TECHNICAL REPORTS, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE MOTION PICTURES, DVD'S & TV CALCULATORS & APPLETS OR LIVE PERFORMANCE, STATE & THEATER CALCULATORS & APPLETS ACOUSTICS CALCULATORS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF SOUND AND VIDEO SYSTEMS - Mc Squared System Design Group, North Vancouver, BC, Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mc Squared System Design Group is "...focussed on the integration of the sound and video systems and the architectural environment the systems operate in..." For more information see JavaScript Features Page or Mc Squared System Design Group Some examples of over "16" Acoustics Calculators include Decibels and Distance Calculator Decibels and Distance Calculator "...will give you the amount of attenuation, in decibels, you can expect with a change in receiver distance, in a free field (outdoors)..." Quickie 2kHz Reverb Time Calculator Quickie 2kHz Reverb Time Calculator will "...give you a fast indication of how much trouble you may be in with your current room design. This is a simplified rectangular room in this calculation, and should only be considered a first order approximation to tell you what magnitude of acoustical problem you can expect..." Room Mode Calculator Room Mode Calculator "...will determine the Axial, Tangential and Oblique room modes of regular rectangular shaped rooms with uniform wall construction...This is especially useful in finding the optimum room shape for home theatre and listening rooms, studios, and practice rooms." The Speech Intelligibility Calculator Speech Intelligibility Calculators include "...Room Details Calculator; Speaker Details Calculator; Listener Details Calculator; Reverb Time Calculator; Critical Distance Calculator; Percentage Articulation Loss of Consonants (%ALCONS) Calculator..." Wavelength of Sound Calculator Wavelength of Sound Calculator "...will tell you the wavelength of any airborne audio frequency in inches, feet and metres, based on the speed of sound at sea level, and at 20 degrees Celsius or 72 degrees Farenheit. Note that with audio frequencies of 20Hz to 20,000Hz the range of physical sizes of wavelengths is substantial (1000:1), and this causes no end of problems with loudspeaker system design..." AUDIO CALCULATORS - Eberhard Sengpiel, Germany Available in English & German/Deutsch. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Some examples from over "60" Audio Calculators include Conversion of Sound Units Calculator; Sound Pressure and Intensity Levels Calculator; Ohm's Law as Acoustic Equivalent for Plane Progressive Waves Calculator; Decibel Calculator; Reactance Calculator of C and L; Damping of bridging and damping factor Calculator; Reverberation Time <> Sound Decay Rate Calculator; etc. For more information see Forum für Mikrofonaufnahmetechnik und Tonstudiotechnik MUSIC ACOUSTICS & VIBRATIONS WITH ANIMATIONS, VIDEOS/MOVIES & AUDIO/SOUND ACOUSTICS ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AND VIBRATION ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FOR RELATED MUSIC ACOUSTICS & VIBRATIONS CALCULATORS SEE MUSIC CALCULATORS ACOUSTICS & VIBRATIONS (QUICKTIME) - D.A. Russell, Applied Physics, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan Multimedia Acoustics and Vibration Lessons, Technical Reports, etc. (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Acoustics & Vibration" Subject Categories include "...Basic Wave Phenomena; Sound Waves and Radiation from Sources; Complicated Wave Phenomena; Room Acoustics; Vibration of 1-DOF Simple Oscillators; Vibration of Multi-DOF Systems; etc..." For more information see Daniel A. Russell's Home Page; Applied Physics or Kettering University Examples from over "50" "Acoustics and Vibration" Lessons, Technical Reports, etc. include Modal Analysis of an Electric Guitar Modal Analysis of an Electric Guitar "...The purpose of this experiment was two-fold: familiarize ourselves with the process of experimental modal analysis, including learning how to use the hardware and software; to study the vibration of an electric guitar in order to determine its natural frequencies and mode shapes..." Refraction of Sound Waves Refraction of Sound Waves "...Suppose you are camping on the shore of a lake which is not too wide, maybe 1/2 a mile across or so. During the day you can see campers on the other side of the lake, but you cannot hear them. At night, however, you can not only see the campers on the other side of the lake but you can also hear their conversations as they sit around their camp fire. This phenomena is due to the refraction of sound waves..." Sound Fields Radiated by Simple Sources Sound Fields Radiated by Simple Sources include "...Radiation from a monopole source; Radiation from a dipole source; Radiation from a lateral quadrupole source..." Acoustics of Baseball Bats Acoustics of Baseball Bats "...vibrational and acoustic analysis of softball and baseball bats has become my primary area of research. I have been able to correlate the vibrational frequencies of bat barrels to measured performance, and have signicantly contributed to an understanding of the trampoline effect in a hollow bat. In addition, my vibrational analysis of the bending modes of a bat has added to the understanding of perception and feel, including why some bats sting more or less than others..." MUSIC ACOUSTICS (FLASH, QUICKTIME, REALPLAYER) - J. Wolfe, Music Acoustics Group, Department of Environmental and Applied Physics, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Multimedia Music Acoustics Course, Lessons, Technical Reports, etc. (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Music Acoustics" Subject Categories include "...Musical Acoustics Basics; Flute Acoustics; Clarinet Acoustics; Saxophone Acoustics; Brass Acoustics; Didjeridu Acoustics; Violin Acoustics; Guitar Acoustics; Voice Acoustics; etc..." For more information see Joe Wolfe's Music Home Page; Joe Wolfe's Home Page or the School of Physics Examples from over "150" "Music Acoustics" Lessons, Technical Reports, etc. include Test your Hearing Test your Hearing "...This site allows you to measure equal loudness contours--the frequency response of your own ears. The flash script allows you to play sound files with a range of frequencies and sound levels with the click of a mouse..." "...Results using this test cannot be regarded as clinical data. Although the sound files have been carefully prepared, the actual sound level and spectral purity depend on the frequency response of your sound card and headphones. They may, however, be helpful for comparison, such as left vs right ear, or for changes in hearing over time, assuming that you use the same hardware..." What is a Sound Spectrum? Sound Spectrum "...is a representation of a sound - usually a short sample of a sound - in terms of the amount of vibration at each individual frequency. It is usually presented as a..." Saxophone Acoustics Saxophone Acoustics "...In the saxophone, the reed acts like an oscillating valve (technically, a control oscillator). The reed, in cooperation with the resonances in the air in the instrument, produces an oscillating component of both flow and pressure. Once the air in the saxophone is vibrating, some of the energy is radiated as sound out of the bell and any open holes..." Flute Acoustics Flute Acoustics "...In the flute, the air jet, in cooperation with the resonances in the air in the instrument, produces an oscillating component of the flow. Once the air in the flute is vibrating, some of the energy is radiated as sound out of the end and any open holes..." ROOM ACOUSTICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ROOM EIGENMODES CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS REVERBERATION TIME CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ROOM ACOUSTICS CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - Hunecke Consult, Germany VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in English, Dutch/Nederlands, French/Français, German/Deutsch & Polish. Room Acoustics Calculator "...enables you to design the acoustics of a room according to DIN 18041 and ÖNORM B 8115-3. After the usage and the appropriate standard have been selected the calculator derives the relevant design quantities, tolerance ranges or limits, and the corresponding state of the room (furnished, unfurnished, occupied or unoccupied)..." Room Acoustics Calculator INPUT Values include: Room Usage "...Auditorium, Sports Hall, Class Room, Rehearsal Room, Film Theater, Office, Airport, Museum, etc..." Shape of Room "...Length, Width, Height, Volume..." Bare Ceiling; Bare Floor; Floor Coverings; Walls; Windows; Furniture for: "...Workplaces, Bar, Lounge, Restaurant, Musicians, Spectators, etc..." Abosrbers; etc. For more information see Calculators; English Index or Hunecke Consult ROOM EIGENMODES CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - Hunecke Consult, Germany VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English, Dutch/Nederlands, French/Français, German/Deutsch & Polish. Room Eigenmodes "...determines the room eigenmodes with the 20 lowest eigenfrequencies for rectangular rooms and presents them in ascending order. To distinguish between the different eigenmodes they are designated by a combination of three natural numbers. In the calculator they are listed in..." Room Eigenmodes Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Room (Width, Length, Height) & Frequency..." For more information see Calculators; English Index or Hunecke Consult RT60 ACOUSTICS CALCULATOR - TSC/Trinity Sound Company VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. RT60 Acoustics Calculator "...is an acoustical measurement used to calculate reverb time decay. What RT60 really is in simple terms is the measurement of time it takes a signal to fall -60db..." Acoustics Calculator INPUT Values include: Room Size "...Length, Width, Height..." Front, Back, Left & Right Walls Materials "...Concrete, Brick, Marble, Plaster on Lath, Plywood Paneling, Wood, Terrazzo, Tile, etc..." Windows, Doors and other Surfaces "...Drapery, Glass, etc..." Ceiling Materials "...Suspended Tile, Plaster on Lath, etc..." Floor Materials "...Concrete, Brick, Marble, Wood, Terrazzo, Tile, Seating, Audience in Seats, etc..." Hertz (Hz) "...125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz or 4000 Hz..." For more information see Tech Talk or TSC/Trinity Sound Company

Noise & Noise Exposure NOISE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS NOISE EXPOSURE CALCULATORS, APPLETS & SPREADSHEETS (XLS) INDUSTRIAL NOISE NOISE CALCULATORS & APPLETS ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE CALCULATORS & APPLETS NOISE CALCULATOR FOR WILDLIFE SOUND RECORDING - Megalithia Noise Calculator for Wildlife Sound Recording "...is an attempt to relate the noise and level specs of your microphone and recorder to give you an indication of the maximum and minimum sound levels you can handle. It is necessarily an approximation, based on the assumption that your microphone and recorder noise are reasonably evenly spread across the frequency spectrum..." Noise Calculator for Wildlife Sound Recording INPUT Values include: "...Microphone (Sensitivity; Self-noise); Recorder (Minimum signal for 0dBFS; Maximum signal before clipping; Self Noise)..." For more information see Megalithia NOISE EXPOSURE CALCULATORS (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Health and Safety Executive, U.K. Government VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Noise Exposure Calculators include: "...Daily Noise Exposure Calculator; Weekly Noise Exposure Calculator; Hearing Protection Calculator..." For more information see Noise or the Health and Safety Executive DAILY NOISE CALCULATOR - Tony Woolf Acoustics, U.K. Daily Noise Calculator "...works out daily noise exposure or "dose" in accordance with the UK Noise at Work Regulations..." For more information see Noise at Work and the Law or Tony Woolf Acoustics CALCULATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE - CALCULATORS - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Road Traffic Noise "...The aim has been to provide a basic platform for calculating road traffic noise levels for non-complex situations. The model is limited where for example; a separate calculation will be needed to take account of any complex arrangements of reflecting surfaces, as only a simple reflective correction is implemented here..." Road Traffic Noise Calculators include: Basic Noise Level Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Total Vehicle Flow; Speed; Heavy Vehicles Percentage; Gradient; Road Surface; etc..." Propagation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Distance from Edge of Road; Barrier Dimensions; etc..." Site Layout & Corrections Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Angle of View; Total angle of reflective surfaces (opposite)..." For more information see Acoustics Technical Guides; Acoustics; Science & Technology or the National Physical Laboratory NOISE EXPOSURE CALCULATORS - Rigolett, The Netherlands VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Noise & Traffic Some examples of Noise Exposure Calculators include Road Traffic Noise Calculator Road Traffic Noise Calculator "...computes the noise level in dB(A) at a given distance from a road. Important data are the number of cars and trucks that use the road, the mean speed and the distance from you to the road..." Average Number of Noise-induced Awakenings Calculator Average Number of Noise-induced Awakenings Calculator "...fill in the average number of noise occurences during the night and the noise levels (either Lmax or SEL; if you don't know the difference: if nothing is specified you can assume Lmax is measured or calculated). If the noise is impuls like (shooting, hammering or the like), an impuls correction of 12 dB is applied. If a SEL-value is supplied, you have to add 12 dB to this value yourself. Together with the number of awakenings the nighttime LAeq is calculated...." Calculations with Sound Power Level for Industrial Areas Calculations with Sound Power Level for Industrial Areas "...get a very approximate idea of the equivalent sound level produced by industry at a certain distance. You can choose a sound power from the list, press the calculate button and you will have an average sound level on the preset 50 meters distance. This is, of course, a LAeq sound level when the industry is operational. T he default is for 8 hour functioning over an 16 hr day period..." Sound SOUND CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS Sound Insulation Calculator SOUND INSULATION CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - Hunecke Consult, Germany VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English, French/Français & German/Deutsch. Sound Insulation Calculator "...enables you to easily evaluate the sound insulation between two rooms. The sound reduction between the rooms depends on both the separating wall and the flanking building elements, as all five building elements transmit sound from the source room to the receiving room..." For more information see Calculators; English Index or Hunecke Consult Speed of Sound in Humid Air CALCULATION OF SPEED OF SOUND IN HUMID AIR - CALCULATOR - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Speed of Sound in Humid Air Calculator "...The calculator presented here computes the zero-frequency speed of sound in humid air according to Cramer (J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 93, p2510, 1993), with saturation vapour pressure taken from Davis, Metrologia, 29, p67, 1992, and a mole fraction of carbon dioxide of 0.0004...." Speed of Sound in Humid Air Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Pressure; Relative Humidity..." For more information see Acoustics Technical Guides; Acoustics; Science & Technology or the National Physical Laboratory Absorption of Sound by the Atmosphere CALCULATION OF ABSORPTION OF SOUND BY THE ATMOSPHERE - CALCULATOR - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Absorption of Sound by the Atmosphere Calculator "...The calculator presented here computes the attenuation coefficient according to ISO 9613-1, given those four variables. This model assumes uniform meteorological conditions. The reference ambient atmospheric pressure, is that of the International Standard Atmosphere at mean sea level..." Absorption of Sound by the Atmosphere Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Frequency; Temperature; Pressure, etc..." For more information see Acoustics Technical Guides; Acoustics; Science & Technology or the National Physical Laboratory Absorption of Sound in Seawater CALCULATION OF ABSORPTION OF SOUND IN SEAWATER - CALCULATOR - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Absorption of Sound in Seawater Calculator "...The absorption of sound in seawater forms part of the total transmission loss of sound from a source to a receiver. It depends on the seawater properties, such as temperature, salinity and acidity as well as the frequency of the sound. The details of the underlying physics of absorption are quite complex. Note that the absorption causes only part of the transmission loss. Usually, the major contribution to transmission loss is the spreading of the acoustic wave as it propagates away from the source..." Absorption of Sound in Seawater Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Frequency; Temperature; Depth; Salinity; Acidity..." For more information see Acoustics Technical Guides; Acoustics; Science & Technology or the National Physical Laboratory SPEED OF SOUND IN PURE WATER CALCULATORS & APPLETS SPEED OF SOUND IN PURE WATER - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Speed of Sound in Pure Water Calculators include: (1) Bilaniuk and Wong Equations for Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature only Calculator; (2) Marczak Equation for Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature only Calculator; (3) Lubbers and Graaff's Simplified Equations for Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature only Calculator; (4) Belogol'skii, Sekoyan et al Equations for Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature and Pressure Calculator For more information see Acoustics Technical Guides; Acoustics; Science & Technology or the National Physical Laboratory SPEED OF SOUND IN SEA-WATER CALCULATORS & APPLETS SPEED OF SOUND IN SEA-WATER - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculators include: "...4 Interactive Versions for Speed of Sound; 2 Interactive Versions for Pressure or Depth..." For more information see Acoustics Technical Guides; Acoustics; Science & Technology or the National Physical Laboratory Some examples of Speed of Sound in Sea-Water or Pressure or Depth Calculators include Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: The International Standard Algorithm (UNESCO equation): Chen and Millero Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Del Grosso's equation: Wong and Zhu (An alternative equation to the UNESCO algorithm) Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Mackenzie Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Coppens Presure to Depth in Sea-Water Calculator: Leroy and Parthiot SPL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SPL CALCULATORS & APPLETS FOR STAGE AND THEATER SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SPL CALCULATOR (SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL CALCULATOR) - C.M. Collins VERY EXTENSIVE. SPL Calculator - Sound Pressure Level Calculator "...will compute the predicted maximum sound pressure level (loudness) at the listening position...This calculator does not account for room acoustics, amplifier dynamic headroom or off axis listening positions..." Sound Pressure Level Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Speaker Sensitivity; Amplifier Power; Distance; Number of Speakers; Speaker Placement (Away from walls, Near a wall or In a corner)..." For more information see Collins Cinema - My Home Theater SOUNDSCAPES - SEEING WITH YOUR EARS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SOUNDSCAPES FROM "THE vOICe'': SEEING WITH YOUR EARS? (JAVA APPLET) - P.B.L. Meijer, Artificial Vision for the Totally Blind The vOICe Interactive Sound Applet - Draw your own Sound "...This fully interactive page allows you to draw your own 64 x 64, 16 grey-tone image and immediately hear the corresponding 64-voice polyphonic soundscape being synthesized on the fly!..." For more information see Artificial Vision for the Totally Blind

Microphone Design MICROPHONE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MICROPHONE SENSITIVITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MICROPHONE CALCULATORS - Eberhard Sengpiel, Germany Available in English & German/Deutsch. VERY EXTENSIVE. Microphones "...Forget the power ratings. They have no relevance to microphones. The term "dB SPL" is a measurement of Sound "Pressure" Level (SPL) which is the force per area that acoustical sound waves apply to air particles. Microphones are sensors in the soundfield which deliver an analogous voltage. Microphones measure sound pressure, or..." Microphone Calculators include Microphone Sensitivity Calculator INPUT Values include "...Sensitivity; Transfer Factor..." Microphone Dynamic Range Calculator INPUT Values include "...Maximum SPL; Self noise; Dynamic range; S/N ratio re 94 dB SPL..." For more information see Audio Calculations or Forum für Mikrofonaufnahmetechnik und Tonstudiotechnik Speaker Design SPEAKER DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HOW A SPEAKER WORKS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HOW A SPEAKER WORKS (JAVA APPLET) - Java programming: K.I. Tchourioukanov; Author: M.W. Davidson, Molecular Expressions: Exploring the World of Optics & Mircroscopy, Florida State University How a Speaker Works "...In this tutorial, the circular magnet is cutaway so that visitors can observe how the speaker operates..." "...The current, alternating at the same frequency as the sound waves that generated it, induces an alternating magnetic field in the coil. As the polarity of the magnetic field of the coil alternates, it is alternatively attracted to and repelled by the permanent magnet. This causes the coil to vibrate. The vibrating coil causes..." For more information see the Electricity & Magnetism Interactive Java Tutorials or Molecular Expressions: Exploring the World of Optics & Mircroscopy CIRCUIT, BOX & SPEAKER DESIGN LESSONS, CALCULATORS, ETC. AUDIO SPEAKER BOX DESIGN - M. LaLena Multimedia Audio Speaker Box Design Technical Reports, Guides, Lessons & Calculators (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Speaker Design "...you can get great sounding speakers at a low price. Granted, you won't achieve the quality of a $10,000 speaker, but for a couple hundred dollars, you can build speakers that will sound much better than anything you can buy at that price..." Examples of "Audio Speaker Box Design" Subject Categories include "...Speaker Box Construction; Speaker Wiring; Home Theater Speakers; etc..." LaLena's Speaker Design Calculators include "...Speaker Box Designer Calculator; 2-way Crossover Designer Calculator; 3-way APC Crossover Designer Calculator; Series Notch Filter Calculator; Parallel Notch Filter Calculator; Driver Attenuation Circuit Design Calculator; Inductor Designer Calculator; etc...." For more information see Michael LaLena's Home Page Examples from over "8" "Audio Speaker Box Design" Calculators include Speaker Box Designer Speaker Box Designer Calculator INPUT Values include "...Equivalent Volume; Free Air Resonance; Total Q; Effective Cone Diameter; etc..." Series Notch Filter Designer Series Notch Fliter Designer Calculator INPUT Values include "...Driver DC Resistance; Driver Free Air Resonance; Driver Electrical Q; etc..." Impedance Equalization Circuit Designer Impedance Equalization Circuit Designer Calculator INPUT Values include "...Driver DC Resistance; Driver Inductance..." AUDIO SPEAKER DESIGN CALCULATORS - KBápps.com VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Audio Speaker Design "...To design the enclosure and crossover circuit for optimum performance of a speaker system, one must know the parameters of the driver. From those measurements, the enclosure and port dimensions can be calculated and system performance analyzed..." Some examples from over "20" Audio Speaker Design Calculators include "...Parameters of a Driver Calculator; Sealed Enclosure Systems Calculators include Single Driver Enclosure Calculator; Dual Driver Enclosure Calculator; 4 x 4 Stack Calculator. Vented Enclosure Systems Calculators include Single Driver Enclosure Calculator; Dual Driver Enclosure Calculator; 3 way Enclosure Calculator. Vented Enclosure Calculator; etc..." For more information see Audio Speaker Design or KBápps.com SPEAKER DESIGN - Ishtek Multimedia Speaker Design Technical Reports, Guides, Lessons, Calculators (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Speaker Design Calculator "...The speaker design program which you can access via this page uses Thiele-Small parameters for a speaker, and allows you to calculate various designs. The two primary style of speaker designs handled by the program are horn-loaded cabinets and vented cabinets..." For more information see Speaker Design Page or ISHTEK CROSSOVER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CROSSOVER CALCULATORS - the12volt.com VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of Crossover Calculators include "...High Pass/Low Pass Crossover Calculator; Narrow Band Pass Crossover Calculator; Zobe Passive Crossover Calculator; etc..." For more information see the12volt.com CAR SPEAKER DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CAR AUDIO DESIGN - Online Connections Inc. Multimedia Car Audio Design Calculators & Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Car Audio Design" Subject Categories include "...Box Design Lessons; Amplifiers Lessons; Basic Electrical Lessons; Car Audio Basics Lessons; Crossovers & Filter Lessons; Equalizers Lessons; Installation and Wiring Lessons; etc..." Examples from over "20" "Car Audio Design" Calculators include Box Design Calculators; "...Fourth-Order Bandpass Subwoofer Box Design Calculator; Box Dimensions Calculator & Solid Object Volume Calculator; Sixth-Order Bandpass Subwoofer Enclosure Design Calculator; Vent Dimensions Calculator; Sealed Subwoofer Box Design Calculator - Sealed Speaker Enclosure Design Calculator; Subwoofer Box Dimension Calculator; etc..." Basic Electrical Calculators include "...Ohm's Law Calculator (Current) - Electrical Current Calculations; Ohm's Law Calculator (Impedance/Resistance) - Impedance/Resistance Calculations; etc..." Crossovers & Filter Calculators include "...Crossover Network Design Formulas & Calculator; 6th Order Linkwitz-Riley Crossover Network Design Formulas & Calculator; 4th Order Linkwitz-Riley Crossover Network Design Formulas & Calculator; Butterworth 2nd Order Crossover Network Design Formulas & Calculator; etc..." Speaker Calculators include "...Loudspeaker Efficiency Calculator; etc..." For more information see Obsession Audio LOUDSPEAKER DESIGN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LOUDSPEAKERS CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - Hunecke Consult, Germany VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. In English, French/Français & German/Deutsch. Loudspeaker Calculator "...allows you to calculate the reverberation time and the frequency response of the loudspeakers in your listening room..." Room Acoustics Calculator INPUT Values include: Room Usage "...Auditorium, Sports Hall, Class Room, Rehearsal Room, Film Theater, Office, Airport, Museum, etc..." Shape of Room "...Length, Width, Height, Volume..." Bare Ceiling; Bare Floor; Floor Coverings; Walls; Windows; Furniture for "...Workplaces, Bar, Lounge, Restaurant, Musicians, Spectators, etc..." For more information see Calculators; English Index or Hunecke Consult

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