MARTINDALE'S CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER ARCHAEOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, PALAEOICHNOLOGY, PALEOBOTANY, PALEOCLIMATOLOGY, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PALEONTOLOGY, DINOSAURS, GEOLOGIC TIME SCALES, CHRONOLOGICAL METHODS, DATE CONVERTERS (Calculators, Applets, Spreadsheets, and where Applicable includes: Courses, Manuals, Handbooks, Simulations, Animations, Videos, etc.)

US/Pacific: Monday, March 15, 2010 Sydney, Australia: Tuesday, March 16, 2010 File Download Time Calculator Author, E-Mail, Privacy Policy & Disclaimer Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains over "23,825" Calculators & Spreadsheets, over "3,835" Courses, Lectures, Manuals, Handbooks, & "1,000's" of Movies, Videos, Simulations & Animations

ARCHAEOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY News & Journals ~ Dictionaries & Glossaries Archaeology & Anthropology Courses, Lectures, Lessons, etc. Stone Age Artifacts Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Egyptology Courses, Lectures, Databases, etc. Celtic Coins Anglo-Saxon Archaeology Databases, Courses, etc. Archaeology & Anthropology in the Americas: Databases, Dictionaries, Courses, Lectures, etc. Forensic Anthropology, Human Osteology, Human Paleopathology Courses, Lectures, Lessons, etc. PALAEOICHNOLOGY ~ PALEOBOTANY ~ PALEOCLIMATOLOGY PALEOCEANOGRAPHY PALEONTOLOGY Paleontology Dictionaries & Glossaries Paleontology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Fossils & Morphology Databases, Courses, etc. Invertebrate Paleontology Databases, Courses, Lectures, etc. Vertebrate Paleontology Databases, Courses, Lectures, etc. Dinosaurs Databases, Courses, Lectures, etc. GEOLOGIC TIME SCALES, GEOCHRONOLOGY & CHRONOLOGICAL METHODS Geologic Time Scales ~ Geochronology Methods Chronological Methods Courses, Lectures, etc. By Dating Method Amino Acid Geochronology Archaeomagnetic Dating ~ Atom Trap Trace Analysis ~ Dendrochronology Geomagetic Polarity Time Scale Dating ~ Luminescence Dating Oxygen Isotope Analysis ~ Radiocarbon Dating ~ Rehydroxlation Dating INTERACTIVE CALENDARS & DATE CONVERTERS Anthropology Arabic - Islamic ~ Aztec ~ Chinese ~ Egyptian ~ Indian (India) Japanese ~ Jewish - Hebrew ~ Lufkan Mayan - Mesoamerican ~ Persian ~ Vietnamese Calculators On-Line Center

Archaeology & Anthropology ARCHAEOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY JOURNALS Anthropology & Archaeology Journals AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY - Archaeological Institute of America Multimedia Archaeology Journal (Text & Images). For more information see the Archaeological Institute of America OXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY - Published in association with the Institute of Archaeology, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford Multimedia Archaeology Journal (Text & Images). For more information see the Institute of Archaeology ARCHAEOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES ARCHAEOLOGY GLOSSARY - ArchaeologyInfo Multimedia Archaeological Terms Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see ArchaeologyInfo ARCHAEOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. Anthropology INTRODUCTION TO ANTHROPOLOGY - D. O'Neil, Anthropology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Palomar College Multimedia Introduction to Anthropology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Anthropology Home Page Examples of "Anthropology" Course Chapters include Early Theories of Evolution Synthetic Theory of Evolution Classification of Living Things Early Hominid Evolution ANTHROPOLOGY COURSES - Department of Anthropology, MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Anthropology Courses (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Department of Anthropology or MIT OpenCourseWare Examples from over "20" "Anthropology" Courses include Identity and Difference Medical Anthropology Technology & Culture Archaeology INTRODUCTION TO ARCHAEOLOGY - Judith A. Habicht-Mauche, Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Cruz Multimedia Introduction to Archaeology Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to Archaeology" Course Lectures include "...Introduction and The World As Seen By Archaeologists; The African Burial Ground; The Enlightenment Roots of Archaeolog; Archaeology and the Native American Past; Sorting Things in Time (Stratigraphy and Seriation); Recovering and Interpreting Evidence; Site Formation Processes and Middle Range Research; etc..." For more information see Judith A. Habicht-Mauche or the Department of Anthropology ARCHNET - ArchNet and hosted by Archaeological Research Institute, Arizona State University Multimedia Anthropology Databases, Lectures, Lessons, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of ArchNet Subject Categories include Archaeoastronomy; Archaeometry; Ceramics; Faunal & Zooarchaeology; Geoarchaeology; Method & Theory; Paleolithic Studies; Underwater Archaeology; Ethnoarchaeology; etc..." For more information see the Archaeological Research Institute STONE AGE ARTIFACTS DATABASES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. STONE AGE REFERENCE COLLECTION (SARC) - R. Grace, Institute of Archaeology, Art History and Numismatics (I.A.K.N.) at the University of Oslo, Norway Multimedia Stone Age Database, Lectures, Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Stone Age Reference Collection (SARC) is "...a reference program containing information about the Typology, Technology, Raw Materials & Study Methods of the Stone Age..." For more information see Institutt for Arkeologi Kunsthistorie og Numismatikk INTERPRETING THE FUNCTION OF STONE TOOLS - R. Grace, Institute of Archaeology, Art History and Numismatics (I.A.K.N.) at the University of Oslo, Norway Multimedia Stone Tools Textbook (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Stone Tools Textbook "...The development of the analysis of the function of stone tools (hereafter referred to as use-wear analysis) began by the use of analogy with ethnographic tools. This involved finding ethnographic tools that resemble, in form, prehistoric tools and assuming the prehistoric tool was used for the same function..." For more information see Stone Age Reference Collection or the Institutt for Arkeologi Kunsthistorie og Numismatikk

EGYPTOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. FOR HIEROGLYTPHICS LANGUAGE DICTIONARIES SEE LANGUAGE CENTER: HIEROGLYTPHICS DICTIONARIES ATLAS OF THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS, ATLAS OF THE THEBAN NECROPOLIS, ETC. - Theban Mapping Project Multimedia Atlases, Databases, Lectures, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Atlases & Databases include Atlas of the Valley of the Kings "...Investigate a database of information about each tomb, view a compilation of more than 2000 images, interact with models of each tomb, and measure, pan, and zoom over 250 detailed maps, elevations, and sections. Experience sixty-five narrated tours by Dr. Weeks and explore a 3D recreation of tomb KV 14...." Atlas of the Theban Necropolis "...Explore the entire archaeological zone through this giant aerial photograph. Zoom in to see individual architectural details of temples and palaces as well as the topography of the area. Mouse over sites to get additional information about them..." Bibliography of Theban West Bank Archaeological Sites "...offers over 5,000 references that describe tombs in the Valley of the Kings, Valley of the Queens, outlying wadis and the Tombs of the Nobles, plus all the memorial temples, shrines, villages, graffiti, predynastic remains, and Christian sites..." EGYPTOLOGY: PYRAMIDS AND TEMPLES - M. Millmore, U.K. Multimedia Pyramids & Temple Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Pyramids & Temples "...you will find information on pyramids and temples, which includes computer-generated reconstructions of what the pyramids and temples might have looked like when they were first built. There are also many interactive ground plan maps, photos, paintings and drawings..." For more information see Mark Millmore's Ancient Egypt Examples of Lessons include Temple of Karnak Temple of Luxor Madinat Habu - The Temple of Rameses III HIERAKONPOLIS: INTERACTIVE DIG HIERAKONPOLIS - Archaeology, Archaeological Institute of America Multimedia Hierakonpolis Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Hierakonpolis is "...the largest site from the Pre- and Protodynastic period (3800-3100 B.C.), Hierakonpolis the City of the Hawk is the most important site for understanding the foundations of Egyptian civilization..." For more information see Interactive Digs; Archaeology or the Archaeological Institute of America THE PYRAMIDS AND TEMPLES OF GIEZEH - R. Birdsall Multimedia Pyramids & Temples of Giezeh Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Pyramids and Temples of Giezeh or Ronald Birdsall's Home Page Examples of The Pyramids & Temples of Giezeh Course Chapters include Chapter 2: Instruments Chapter 4: Excavations Chapter 7: Inside of Great Pyramid THE TOMB OF SENNEFERI - N. Strudwick, Newton Institute, University of Cambridge, U.K. Multimedia Tomb of Senneferi Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Tomb of Senneferi "...The tomb of Senneferi is one of the 'Tombs of the Nobles' on the West Bank at Luxor in Egypt...." For more information see Egyptology Resources CELTIC COINS OXFORD CELTIC COIN INDEX - Oxford University, The Portable Antiquities Scheme & the British Museum Multimedia "Oxford Celtic Coin Index" Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Oxford Celtic Coin Index "...contains 37925 Iron Age coins of which 23623 are provenanced and we have 37751 examples with images attached..." For more information see the Celtic Coin Index; Archives or the Institute of Archaeology ANGLO-SAXON ARCHAEOLOGY DATABASES, COURSES, ETC. CORPUS OF ANGLO-SAXON BUCKETS - Database of the Archive of Jean M. Cook, Institute of Archaeology, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford Multimedia Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Buckets (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Buckets "...this web-site is an introduction to the Anglo-Saxon bucket. General bucket terminology is listed and the typical parts of a this composite artefact are labeled on a photograph of the restored Mill Hill, Deal bucket. A simplified version of the bucket database is also presented..." For more information see the Archives; Institute of Archaeology or the School of Archaeology NOVUM INVENTORIUM SEPULCHRALE - KENTISH ANGLO-SAXON GRAVES AND GRAVE GOODS - Sonia Hawkes Archive, Institute of Archaeology, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford Multimedia Novum Inventorium Sepulchrale - Kentish Anglo-Saxon Graves and Grave Goods Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Novum Inventorium Sepulchrale - Kentish Anglo-Saxon Graves and Grave Goods "...The index lists the main sites whose 18th- and 19th-century excavations are fully re-published in the Corpus and, under 'Further Material', sites that are also contained in the Hawkes Archive or in the related manuscripts but are not comprehensively dealt with..." For more information see the Archives; Institute of Archaeology or the School of Archaeology GALLO-BELGIC POTTERY DATABASE - Jane Timby and Val Rigby, Institute of Archaeology, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford Multimedia Gallo-Belgic pottery in Britain Database (Text & Images). Gallo-Belgic pottery in Britain Database "...The Gallo-Belgic pottery industry (as defined for this study) was established in Northern Gaul (Gallia Belgica) in the Augustan period (later 1st century BC) continuing until around c AD 70-80..." "...One of the principal aims of the project has been to compile a corpus of Gallo-Belgic pottery (terra nigra and terra rubra) found in Britain. An essential part of this work has been to create a digital record of all known potter name stamps and marks. The data presented in this web site represents the first stage of dissemination..." For more information see the Research Projects; Institute of Archaeology or the School of Archaeology ARCHAEOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE AMERICAS: DATABASES, DICTIONARIES, COURSES, ETC. Courses, Lectures, Lessons, etc. ANCIENT MIDDLE AMERICA - T. Roufs, Anthropology, Department of Sociology & Anthropology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota Multimedia Mesoamerican Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ancient Middle America "...provides an introduction to Prehistoric Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. Ancient Middle America broadly explores the nature, origin, and development of the great prehistoric cultures of these countries..." For more information see Tim Roufs' Home Page Databases JOHN MONTOGOMERY DICTIONARY OF MAYA HIEROGLYPHS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Author: John Montgomery, Hosted by the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. Multimedia Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyps (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in English, Spanish & Maya Words and Syllables. John Montgomery’s Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs is "...a unique reference to the hieroglyphic writing of the ancient Maya that presents over 1,200 hieroglyphs and glyph compounds. Each entry includes the hieroglyph, phonetic transcription, Mayan equivalent, part of speech, and meaning. Entries are given in alphabetical order of their phonetic spelling. Multiple indices are..." For more information see Dictionaries or the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies (FAMSI) MAYA HIEROGLYPH DICTIONARY - Authors: Peter Mathews and Péter Bíró, Drawings by John Montgomery and Hosted by teh Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. Multimedia Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary (Text Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in English, Spanish & Maya Words and Syllables. Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary "...provides translations and analyses of about 1,000 Maya hieroglyphic words and compounds, arranged in alphabetical order. Each entry will eventually include a picture of the hieroglyph as well as its transcription and a translation in English and Spanish. The Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary also provides analyses of the word or compound and cross-references to similar words and compounds..." For more information see Dictionaries or the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies (FAMSI) MAYAN EPIGRAPHIC DATABASE: GLYPH IMAGES - R.C. Alvarado, Institute of Advanced Technology in the Humanities and the Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia Multimedia English <> Mayan Dictionary (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mayan Epigraphic Database "...consists of a relational database of glyphs ("gnumbers"), images, phonetic values ("pvalues"), and semantic values ("svalues") according to the consensus among various American Mayanists (MacLeod and Reents-Budet 1994). Also present is the beginning of an archive of digitally transcribed Mayan texts..." For more information see Glyph Catalog or the Mayan Epigraphic Database Project Home Page FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY, HUMAN OSTEOLOGY, HUMAN PALEOPATHOLOGY, ETC. Human Dentition HUMAN DENTITION (QUICKTIME) - P.L. Walker, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) Multimedia Human Dentition Video Lessons (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Human Dentition" Video Lessons include "...Permanent Dentition (Incisors, Canines, Premolars & Molars); Deciduous Dentition (Incisors, Canines & Molars), etc..." For more information see P.L. Walker's Home Page or the Department of Anthropology Osteology & Forensic Anthropology FOR OSTEOLOGY RELATED CENTERS SEE THE ANATOMY CENTER OR THE RADIOLOGY CENTER HUMAN OSTEOLOGY - S.G Sheridan, Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Letters, University of Notre Dame Multimedia Osteology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Human Osteology" Course Lectures include "...Skull & Dentition; Biomechanics of Chewing Locomotion Biocultural Reconstruction: Kneeling Paleopathology Forensic Anthropology Paleodemography Diet Reconstruction; etc..." For more information see Human Osteology Home Page; Classes; Susan Guise Sheridan's Home Page or the Department of Anthropology Paleopathology FOR PALEOPATHOLOGY RELATED CENTERS SEE THE PATHOLOGY, ETC. CENTER PALEOPATHOLOGY CASES - Paleopathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Hospitals & Physicians, Virginia Commonwealth University Multimedia Paleopathology Cases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Paleopathology Research Laboratory; Pathology Education; Department of Pathology or VUC Health Systems Examples from over "100" "Paleopathology Case" Studies include Paleopathology Case 17: Skin biopsy from a woman approximately 40-years-old from 350 AD Paleopathology Case 24: Adult male mummy from the Cabuza culture (Northern Chile about 450 AD) Paleopathology Case 38: A section of the lung from a 3-year-old female, Pre-Columbian mummy from northern Chile Paleopathology Case 62: The X-ray is from a 16-year-old female, Cabuza culture, Northern Chile (350-500 AD) PALEOPATHOLOGY: BONE INJURIES AND ABNORMALITIES - S. McAllister, A. Hofbauer & B. Birch, Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming Multimedia Paleopathology: Bone Injuries and Abnormalities (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Department of Anthropology Bone Chemistry FOR BONE CHEMISTRY RELATED CENTERS SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER BONE CHEMISTRY - R.H. Tykot, Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida Multimedia Bone Chemistry Lecture (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Bone Chemistry" Lecture Sections include "...Principles of Stable Isotope Analysis; Analytical Methods Microsampling of Teeth; Elemental Analyses; etc. Applications; etc..." For more information see the Robert H. Tykot's Home Page or the Department of Anthropology

Palaeoichnology PALAEOICHNILOGY COURSES, LECTURES, DATABASES, EC. TRACE FOSSILS - S. Filipescu & J. Street, Fieldwork Programme, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University College London Multimedia Palaeoichnology - Trace Fossils Lectures (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Trace Fossils "...are biogenic sediment structures, or fossilized structures produced in rocks, sediments and grains by the life processes of organisms. Their study comprises the discipline Palaeoichnology..." Examples of "Trace Fossils" Lectures include "...Principles and Classifications; Morphology; Types of Ichnofacies; Applications and Exercises..." For more information see the Fieldwork Programme or the Department of Earth Sciences INTRODUCTION TO ICHNOLOGY - A.J. Martin, Department of Environmental Studies, Emory Universtiy Multimedia Ichnology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Ichnology "...is the study of plant and animal traces. Implicit to this definition is that the traces made by plants and animals reflect some sort of behavior..." Examples of "Ichnology" Course Chapters & Databases include Ichnofacies & Ichnofacies Image Gallery; Trace Fossil Image Database; etc..." For more information see the Department of Environmental Studies Paleobotany PALEOBOTANY COURSES, DATABASES, LECTURES, ETC. Paleobotany Indexes PALEOBOTANY INDEX - Klaus-Peter Kelber, Mineralogisches Institut, Universität Würzburg Multimedia Paleobotany Databases, Resources, Indexes (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Klaus-Peter Kelber's Home Page Paleobotany Courses, Lectures, etc. PALEOBOTANY - R.A. Gastaldo, Plant Taphonomy, Peleobotany & Paleoecology, Department of Geology, Colby College Multimedia Paleobotany Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Paleobotany" Course Lectures include "...Taphonomy: Biogeochemical Processes of Plant Fossilization and Preservational Mode; Biostratinomic Processes in Volcaniclastic, Fluvial-Lacustrine, and Coastal Deltaic Terrains; Systematics and Evolutionary Processes in the Plant Kingdom; Evolutionary Trends in Non-Vascular Plants: Priming for Land Conquest; The Appearance of Forests and Adaptive Characters for Stressed Environments; The Cenophytic and the Evolution of Angiospermy: Hypotheses and Conjecture; Fossil Plant Remains as Paleoclimatic Indicators; etc..." For more information see Teaching; Robert A. Gastaldo's Home Page or the Department of Geology Paleoclimatology PALEOCLIMATOLOGY DATABASES, COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. ICE CORE GATEWAY - NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, National Climate Data Center (NCDC), NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ice Core "...Click on one of the regional maps to launch a java applet which will display detailed maps of ice core data locations, and allow users to display, graph..." For more information see the Paleoclimatology or the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) PALEOCLIMATOLOGY DATA - INTERACTIVE - NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, National Climate Data Center (NCDC), NOAA Multimedia Paleoclimatology Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see NOAA Paleoclimatology Program or the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) Examples of Paleoclimatology Databases include Tree-Ring Data Pollen Data Paleoclimate Model Paleocean Data Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) and the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) Paleoceanography PALEOCEANOGRAPHY DATABASES, COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. PALEOCEANOGRAPHY - National Climatic Data Center, NOAA Multimedia Paleoceanography Databases (Text & Images VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Paleoceanography Databases include "...Paleoceanography Search Engine; Sea Surface Temperature Reconstructions (CLIMAP) Database; Relative Sea Level Database; Calcium Carbonate Database; Planktonic Foraminifera Database; etc..." For more information see the National Climatic Data Center PALEOCEANOGRAPHY - E. Thomas, Department of Earth & Environmental Science, Wesleyan University Multimedia Paleoceanography Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Paleoceanography" Course Lectures include "...The Carbon Cycle; Planktonic foraminifera; Isotopes in rain and snow; Oxygen isotopes in carbonates: thermometer of the past; Carbon isotopes in paleoceanography; Clathrates; Cenozoic Cooling; Milankovich Cycles; Ice Ages; etc..." For more information see Ellen Thomas's Home Page or the Department of Earth & Environmental Science PALEOCEANOGRAPHY - E.A. Boyle, Ocean Geochemistry, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS), MIT Multimedia Paleoceanography Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Paleoceanography" Course Lectures include "...Oxygen isotope paleoclimatology; Oxygen isotope paleothermometry; Sea-level and climate change: coral reefs on stable and emerging islands; Glacial/interglacial 'oscillations': why? time-series analysis; Deep-ocean paleoceanography and ocean chemistry: links to atmospheric carbon dioxide and 14C/12C; Atmospheric CO2, ocean chemistry, and mechanisms of climate change; Coral evidence for temperature, salinity, and nutrient changes; Introduction to cenozoic palenoceanography; etc..." For more information see Paleoceanography Home Page; Edward A. Boyle's Home Page; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS); Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Courses or Mit OpenCourseWare Paleontology: Dictionaries, Courses, Fossils, Dinosaurs, etc. PALEONTOLOGY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES PALAEOS VERTEBRATES GLOSSARY - Palaeos Multimedia Paleontology Vertebrates Dictionary (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Vertebrates or Palaeos: The Trace of Life on Earth PALEONTOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. PRINCIPLES OF PALEONTOLOGY - T.R. Holtz, Jr., Department of Geology, University of Maryland Multimedia Principles of Paleontology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Principles of Paleontology" Course Lectures include "...Taphonomy I: Fossils as Sedimentary Particles and Burial; Taphonomy II: Modes of Fossilization; Biostratigraphy I: Index Fossils and Correlation Trace Fossils; Variation and Fossil Individuals; Fossil Species; Phylogenetics; Functional Morphology; Basal Bilateralians and Lophophorates; Mollusks; Anthropods; Vertebrate Paleontology; etc..." For more information see Principles of Paleontology Course Home Page; Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.'s Home Page or the Department of Geology PALAEOS - Palaeos Multimedia Paleontology Course, Lectures, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Subject Categories include "...Bacteria; Fungi; Eukarya; etc..." For more information see Palaeos: The Trace of Life on Earth FOSSILS Fossils Databases DIGITAL MORPHOLOGY (QUICKTIME) - Project Director: Timothy Rowe, Digital Morphology Group, in conjunction with The University of Texas High-Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography Facility Multimedia Digital Morphology (DigiMorph) Database & Lessons (Text, Images, Applets, Slices, 3D Models, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Digital Morphology (DigiMorph) is "...part of the National Science Foundation Digital Libraries Initiative, develops and serves unique 2D and 3D visualizations of the internal and external structure of living and extinct vertebrates, and a growing number of 'invertebrates'. The Digital Morphology library contains nearly a terabyte of imagery of natural history specimens that are important to education and central to ongoing cutting-edge research efforts..." Examples of "Digital Morphology" Subject Categories include "...Dinosaurs, Pterosaurs, and Their Extinct Relatives; Mammals and Their Extinct Relatives; Birds; Alligators and Crocodiles; Sharks, Fishes and Other "Fish-like" Creatures; etc..." PALEONTOLOGY FOSSIL GALLERY - Produced by: the University of California Museum of Paleontology, the Paleontological Society, the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, and the United States Geological Survey Multimedia Paleontology Fossil Database & Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Paleontology Portal or the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Fossils Lessons THE VIRTUAL FOSSIL MUSEUM - The Virtual Fossil Museum VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. The Virtual Fossil Museum includes "...Fossil Pictures; Fossils Glossary; Cambrian Explosion Fossils of Utah; Trilobite Evolutionary Arms Race; Trilobites; Class Anthozoa; etc..." FOSSILS - Ken Hooper Virtual Natural History Museum, Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Centre, Canada Multimedia Fossils Database & Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of Fossils Subject Categories include "...Amber; Coprolites; Burgess Shale; Solnhofen Quarry; etc..." For more information see the Ken Hooper Virtual Natural History Museum Fossils - Amber THE AMBER ROOM: DOMINICAN AMBER FOSSILS - ESPD Multimedia Dominican Amber Fossils Database & Lessons (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). Amber "...the golden gem of the centuries, has captured our hearts with its beauty and radiance since Paleolithic times (450,000 - 12,000 BC). Like the diamond (carbon), amber is the only other gemstone that comes from organic matter (resin) and is the lightest gem in the world..." FOSSIL AMBER - The Virtual Fossil Museum Multimedia Fossil Amber Database & Lessons (Text & Images). For more information see the The Virtual Fossil Museum Fossils - Horses FOSSIL HORSES - Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Multimedia Fossil Horses Database & Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Division of Vertebrate Paleontology INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY Invertebrate Paleontology Courses, Lectures, etc. PALAEOS INVERTEBRATES - Palaeos Multimedia Paleontology Invertebrates Course, Lectures, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Invertebrates Subject Categories include "...Major Animal Groups; Evolution of the Metazoa; Phylogenetic Organization of Metazoa; etc..." For more information see Palaeos: The Trace of Life on Earth Invertebrate Zoology Dictionary ARMAND R. MAGGENTI ONLINE DICTIONARY OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY - Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska Multimedia Invertebrate Zoology Dictionary (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Invertebrate Paleontology Databases INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY DATABASE - Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Multimedia Invertebrate Paleontology Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Invertebrate Paleontology Database Home Page; Collection Databases or the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY Vertebrate Paleontology Courses, Lectures, etc. PALAEOS VERTEBRATES - Palaeos Multimedia Paleontology Vertebrates Course, Lectures, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Vertebrates Subject Categories include "...Taxon Index: alphabetical list of taxa; Phylogenetic Listings; Bones..." For more information see Vertebrates or Palaeos: The Trace of Life on Earth Vertebrate Paleontology Databases VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY DATABASE - Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Multimedia Vertebrate Paleontology Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Collection Databases or the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LABORATORY COLLECTION DATABASE - Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas, Austin Multimedia Vertebrate Paleontology Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory or the Texas Memorial Museum DINOSAURS Dinosaur Databases with Technical Reports, Lessons, etc. DINOSAURS: ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF TAXA - Thescelosaurus!, Justin Tweet Multimedia Dinosaurs Database, Technical Reports, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Thescelosaurus! DINOSAUR COLLECTIONS - L.M. Witmer, Chang Ying-Chien Professor of Paleontology, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University Multimedia Dinosaur Collections, etc. (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Dinosaur Collections "...dinosaur skull casts and modern amniote specimens plus CT-based visualizations..." For more information see Witmer's Lab & Research or Lawrence M. Witmer's Home Page DINOSAURS AND OTHER EXTINCT CREATURES - Researched, Designed and Implemented: M. Lowndes; Palaeontological consultant: A. Milner & J. Parish, Research and Curation, The Natural History Museum, London, U.K. Multimedia Dinosaurs and other Extinct Creatures Database, Lessons, etc. (Text, Images & Video/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. DinoData Examples of Dinosaurs Database include Dino Directory Dino Directory "...This is a guide to 325 of the most well-described dinosaurs, including 1294 images..." Non-dinosaur Reptiles Database Non-dinosaur Reptiles Database includes "...Aquatic reptiles; Flying reptiles; Mammal-like reptiles..." DINOSAURS - DinoData, Fred Bervoets Multimedia Dinosaurs Database, Technical Reports, Lessons, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. DinoData DINOBASE - Created & Maintained by S. Cuny, Palaeobiology and Biodiversity Research Group (PBRG), Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, U.K. Multimedia Dinosaur Database & Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Palaeobiology and Biodiversity Research Group (PBRG) Dinosaur Speed Calculator DINOSAUR SPEED CALCULATOR - Sorby Geology Group, Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Dinosaur Speed Calculator - Dinosaur Calculator "...allows you to input the trackway parameters of stride length and foot size (measured in metres) together with the conversion factor, that you want to use, to relate foot size to hip height. From these it will give estimates of the gait and speed..." For more information see Dinosaur Footprints & Eggs; Sorby Geology Group: Palaeontology or the Sorby Geology Group Dinosaur Osteology Courses, Lessons, etc. INTRODUCTION TO DINOSAURIAN OSTEOLOGY - Department of Sociology & Anthropology, North Carolina State University Multimedia Introduction to Dinosaurian Osteology Course (Text & Images). Examples of "Introduction to Dinosaurian Osteology" Course Lectures include "...Ancestral Dinosaurs (Major Groups); Saurischia (Theropods); Saurischia (Theropods - Coelurosaurs); Saurischia (Prosauropods and Sauropods); Ornithischia (Thyreophora); Ornithischia (Marginocephalians); etc..." For more information see the Department of Sociology & Anthropology Dinosaur Tracks & Trackway Lessons & Image Databases DINOSAUR TRACKS & TRACKWAYS - Myles J McLeod, Palaeobiology and Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol Multimedia Dinosaur Tracks & Trackways Lectures (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Dinosaur Tracks & Trackways" Lectures include "...Introduction; Footprint Morphology; Footrint Preservation; Track Taphonomy; Describing Tracks and Ichnotaxonomy; Trackways; Posture and Stance; Behaviour; Gait and Speed; etc..." For more information see the The Palaeofiles or the Palaeobiology and Biodiversity Research Group PHOTO GALLERY OF DINOSAUR TRACKS - Glen J. Kuban Multimedia Photo Gallery of Dinosaur Tracks Image Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Dinosaur Courses, Lectures, etc. DIONSAURS: A NATURAL HISTORY - T.R. Holtz, Jr., Department of Geology, University of Maryland Multimedia Dinosaurs: A Natural History Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Dinosaurs: A Natural History" Course Lectures include "...Fossils and Fossilization; "...Taxonomy and Species; Life on Land before the Dinosaurs; The Rise of the Dinosaurs; Theropoda I: Dinosaurs Red in Tooth and Claw; etc..." For more information see Dinosaurs: A Natural History Course Home Page; Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.'s Home Page or the Department of Geology DINOSAURS AND THE HISTORY OF LIFE - P.E. Olsens, Paleontology, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University Multimedia Dinosaurs and the History of Life Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Dinosaurs and the History of Life" Course Lectures include "...The Discovery of Dinosaur; The Process of Evolution; Inferring the Relationships of Organisms - Cladistics; Earth's Cycles; The end of the Permian and the Major Groups of Tetrapods; The Triassic World and the Origin of Dinosaurs; Great Triassic Assemblages; etc..." For more information see Dinosaurs and the History of Life Course Home Page; Paul E. Olsen's Home Page or the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences

Geology Time Scales, Chronological Methods & Geochronology GEOLOGIC TIME SCALES GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE - International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) Multimedia Geologic Time Scale (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geologic Time "...This multi-year project summarized the history and status of boundary definitions of all geologic stages, compiled integrated stratigraphy (biologic, chemical, sea-level, magnetic, etc.) for each period, and assembled a numerical age scale from an array of astronomical tuning and radiometric ages..." For more information see the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE (544 MILLION YEARS AGO TO PRESENT) - Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Geologic Time Scale Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geologic Time Scale "...Ages and names used here are based on U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3015, "Divisions of Geologic Time - Major Chronostratigraphic and Geochronologic Units", March 2007, ages have been rounded, see publication for precise timeframe. The Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic Eras are part of the Phanerozoic Eon, a column not depicted in this table..." For more information see Glossary of Hazards, Features, Phenomena, Processes, Events, Topics, & Terminology or the Cascades Volcano Observatory GEOLOGICAL TIME MACHINE (544 MILLION YEARS AGO TO PRESENT) - University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Geologic Time Scale Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the University of California Museum of Paleontology or Museum Informatics Projects GEOCHRONOLOGY METHODS COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. GEOCHRONOLOGY - Central Division, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Geochronology Lessons, Publications, Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geochronology Dating Techniques "...A wide variety of geochronological tools or methods can be employed to estimate quantitative and qualitative dating of rocks and sediments. Techniques exist to date all geological materials, from billions of years to historical records. U-series dating is the most reliable method for dating Quaternary (the last 2 million years) sedimentary carbonate, silica, and fossil material. Quaternary dating provides a record of climate change and..." Examples of "Geochronology" Dating Techniques include "...U-Th-Pb System Dating Technique; Rb-Sr System Dating Technique; Sm-Nd System Dating Technique; Lu-Hf System Dating Technique; Argon 40/39 Dating Technique; Tephrochronology Dating Technique; Pb 210 Dating Technique; Fission Tracks Dating Technique; Carbon 14 Dating Technique; Thermoluminescence Dating Technique; 3He/4He Dating Technique; He/Ne Dating Technique; Berlyllium 10 Dating Technique; etc..." For more information see Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Tracer Studies; Scientific Capabilities or the Central Division, USGS Examples of Geochronology Dating Techniques include U-Pb System Dating Technique Fission Tracks Dating Technique Thermoluminescence Dating Technique CHRONOLOGICAL METHODS COURSES, LECTURES, LESSONS, ETC. CHRONOLOGICAL METHODS (QUICKTIME) - G.H. Michaels & B.M. Fagan, ArchServe, University of California at Santa Barbara Multimedia Chronological Methods Course (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Chronological Methods "...is designed to introduce you to basic techniques used in determining the age of archaeological materials and sites. There are two general categories of methods for dating in archaeology. One is Relative Dating, and the other is Absolute Dating. In general, archaeologists use both methods in conjunction..." For more information see Anthropology 3 or ArchServe Examples of "Chronological Methods" Course Video Lessons include Cross-Dating Potassium-Argon Dating Radiocarbon Dating Obsidian Hydration Dating THE RECORD OF TIME: CHRONOMETRIC DATING TECHNIQUES - D. O'Neil, Anthropology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Palomar College Multimedia Chronometric Dating Techniques Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Chronometric Dating Techniques" Lessons include "...Dendrochronology; Amino Acid Racemization Dating; Paleomagnetic Dating Paleomagnetic Dating; Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale Dating; Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale Dating; Archaeomagnetic Dating. Radiocarbon Dating; Potassium-Argon Dating; Fission Track Dating; Thermoluminescence Dating; Electron Spin Resonance Dating; etc..." For more information see Anthropology Tutorials or the Anthropology Home Page DATING TECHNIQUES - MSU EMuseum, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota Multimedia Dating Techniques Lessons (Text, Images & Applets). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geological Dating Techniques" Lessons include Relative Dating Techniques "...Cation Ratio; Cultural Affiliation; Fluorine Dating; Obsidian Hydration; Patination; Pollen Analysis, etc..." Absolute Dating Techniques "...Archaeomagnetic; Dendrochronology; Electron Spin Resonance; Fission Track; Optically Stimulated Luminescence, etc..." For more information see Archaeology Exhibits or the MSU EMuseum

AMINO ACID GEOCHRONOLOGY AMINO ACID GEOCHRONOLOGY (AMINO ACID RACEMIZATION) - Amino Acid Geochronology Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Multimedia Amino Acid Geochronology Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Amino Acid Geochronology "...is a relative, and sometimes absolute, dating method that relates the diagenesis of fossil protein preserved in carbonate materials with time (geologic age of the sample) and temperature (long term chemical temperature of the enclosing sediment). Stratigraphic applications of the method have been demonstrated from both marine and non-marine sequences all over the world using a variety of carbonate fossil materials including..." For more information see the Amino Acid Geochronology Laboratory ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATING ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATING - Illinois State Museum Multimedia Archaeomagnetic Dating Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Archaeomagnetism "...refers to the application of paleomagnetic methods and theory to archaeological problems. Usually, the term refers to archaeomagnetic dating..." Examples of "Archaeomagnetic Dating" Lessons include "...Archaeomagnetic Dating Overview Geomagnetic Principles; Archaeomagnetic Sample Collecting; Secular Variation Curves; etc..." ATOM TRAP TRACE ANALYSIS (ATTA) ATOM TRAP TRACE ANALYSIS (ATTA) - Medium Energy Physics Group, APhysics Division, Argonne National Laboratory Multimedia Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) "...is based on techniques of laser manipulation of neutral atoms..." "...trace analyses of long-lived cosmogenic isotopes..." For more information see Medium Energy Physics Group; ANL Physics Division or the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) DENDROCHRONOLOGY CROSSDATING TREE RINGS USING SKELETON PLOTTING (JAVA APPLET) - P. Sheppard, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Crossdating Tree Rings Calculator "...teaches you the basic technique of crossdating using the "skeleton plot" method..." For more information see Crossdating Tree Rings Using Skeleton Plotting Instructions or the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME SCALE GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME SCALE (GPTS) - Schlumberger Limited Multimedia Geomagetic Polarity Time Scale Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) "...By accurate age-dating of rocks that show reversals in magnetic polarity, geologists have compiled a partial geologic time scale of the sequence and duration of reversals of the Earth's magnetic polarity..." For more information see the Oilfield Glossary; Resources; Products & Services or Schlumberger Limited LUMINESCENCE DATING LUMINESCENCE DATING - USGS Luminescence Dating Laboratory, USGS Multimedia Luminescence Dating Lessons (Text & Images). Luminescence Dating "...Luminescence dating is a form of geochronology that measures the energy of photons being released. In natural settings, ionizing radiation (U, Th, Rb, & K ) is absorbed and stored by sediments in the crystal lattice. This stored radiation dose can be evicted with stimulation and released as luminescence. The calculated age is the time since the last exposure to sunlight or intense heat..." For more information see the USGS Luminescence Dating Laboratory OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS - Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin Multimedia Oxygen Isotope Analysis Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Oxygen Isotope Analysis "...New techniques for oxygen isotope analysis have lead to the first studies of oxygen isotope geochemistry of zircons (1,2). Zircon is shown to be highly retentive of oxygen isotope ratios, preserving the best record of igneous composition even in samples that have enjoyed high grade metamorphism or hydrothermal alteration..." For more information see the Department of Geology and Geophysics RADIOCARBON DATING Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY (AMS): PRINCIPLES OF RADIOCARBON DATING - Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Arizona VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Radiocarbon Measurements Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Radiocarbon Dating "...is well known for its use in age dating of many kinds of materials. The method is applicable to almost any carbonaceous material which formed in the last 50,000 years..." For more information see Accelerator Mass Spectrometry or the Department of Physics CALIB Radiocarbon Calibration CALIB RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION (JAVA APPLET) - M. Stuiver, P.J. Reimer & R. Reimer, CALIB 14C Calibration Program, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Ireland VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. CALIB Radiocarbon Calibration "...makes the conversion from radiocarbon age to calibrated calendar years by calculating the probability distribution of the sample's true age. Graphics and a variety of options are available through the program's menus..." Calib Radiocarbon Calibration INPUT Values include: "...Radiocarbon Age; Standard Deviation; Delta R; Uncertainty in Delta R; Sample Counter; Lab Error Multiplier; Curve Smoothing in Years; etc..." For more information see the CALIB 14C Calibration Program For "Reservoir Correction for Marine Samples" see Marine Reservoir Correction Database Marine Reservoir Correction Database "...Organisms from marine (and lacustrine environments) have been exposed to different levels of 14C than their counterparts in the atmosphere..." Radiocarbon Dating Laboratories BETA ANALYTIC RADIOCARBON DATING LABORATORY - Beta Analytic, Inc. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. REHYDROXLATION DATING DATING FIRED-CLAY CERAMICS USING LONG-TERM POWER LAW REHYDROXYLATION KINETICS - Authors: M.A. Wilson, M.A. Carter, C. Hall, W.D. Hoff, C. Ince, S.D. Savage, B. Mckay and I.M. Betts; Published: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences; July 7, 2009; 465 (2107); Published online 27 May 2009; Royal Society Publishing, U.K. Multimedia Dating fired-clay ceramics using long-term power law rehydroxylation kinetics - PDF, 10 Pages (Text & Images). For more information see Dating fired-clay ceramics using long-term power law rehydroxylation kinetics Home Page of the Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

Anthropology ANTHROPOLOGICAL CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ANTHROPOLOGICAL CALCULATORS - Anthropological Research Page, Dienekes Pontiko VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Some examples of Anthropological Calculators include "...Racial Analysis Calculator: Male & Female Versions; Anthropometric Calculator: Male & Female Versions; etc..." Arabic- Islamic ARABIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ISLAMIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HIJRI CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GREGORIAN-HIJRI DATES CONVERTER - T. Al-Rabiah, Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsbourgh The Hijri Date "...is the Islamic calendar. It started in the moon year in which prophet Mohammed immigrated from Makkah to Madinah..." Gregorian Calender Calculator "...converts Gregorian Dates to Hijri Dates..." Hijri Calender Calculator "...converts Hijri Dates to Gregorian Dates..." For more information see Tawfig Al-Rabian's Home Page GREGORIAN-HIJRI DATE CONVERTER - IslamiCity.com Gregorian Calender Calculator "...converts Gregorian Dates to Hijri Dates..." Hijri Calender Calculator "...converts Hijri Dates to Gregorian Dates..." For more information see IslamiCity.com Aztec AZTEC CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS THE AZTEC CALENDAR CALCULATOR - R. Voorburg & W. Horden The Aztec Date Calendar Calculator "...shows the name of the year (the xihuitl in Nahuatl, the language of the Mexica or Aztecs), the name of the 13-day 'week' (trecena in Spanish) and the name and number of the day (tonalli) in the tonalpohualli, 260-day ritual daycount. Further, the Lord of the Night, the day in the 365-day calendar (the xiuhpohualli) and the (Mayan) Long Count are shown..." Chinese CHINESE CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHINESE CALENDAR CONVERTER - China News Digest International, Inc. (CND) Chinese Calendar Converter Calculators & Tools include: "...Chinese Calendar; Solar to Lunar Calendar Conversion Calculator; Non-leap-month Lunar to Solar Calendar Conversion Calculator; Leap-month Lunar to Solar Calendar Conversion Calculator; etc..." For more information see CND 2,000 YEAR CHINESE-WESTERN CALENDAR CONVERTER - Academic Computer Center, Taiwan In Chinese. WESTERN-CHINESE CALENDAR CALCULATOR - E.E. Peterson VERY EXTENSIVE. Western-Chinese Calendar Converter Calculator INPUT Values include: Western Date "...Day of Week, Month, Day, Year, Era..." Chinese Date "...Dynasty, Ruler, Reign, Year, Month, Leap Year?, Day..." Year Cycle; Zodiac Sign; Month Cycle; Lunar Calendar Festival; Day Cycle: Western to Chinese Date & Chinese Date to Western..." For more information see Online Chinese Tools Egyptian EGYPTIAN LESSONS, CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & DATABASES EGYPTOLOGY: PYRAMIDS AND TEMPLES - M. Millmore, U.K. Multimedia Pyramids & Temples Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Egyptology: Pyramids and Temples "...you will find information on pyramids and temples, which includes computer-generated reconstructions of what the pyramids and temples might have looked like when they were first built. There are also many interactive ground plan maps, photos, paintings and drawings..." For more information see Mark Millmore's Ancient Egypt Examples of Pyramids & Temples Lessons include Temple of Karnak Temple of Luxor Madinat Habu - The Temple of Rameses III THE STEP PYRAMID COMPLEX OF DJOSER/ZOZER (INTERACTIVE) - H. Pittman & J. Treat, Department of the History of Art, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Step Pyramid Complex of Djoser (also spelled Zozer) "...was built during the Third Dynasty (ca. 2800 B.C.) in what is now Saqqara, Egypt. Djoser's Step Pyramid is generally considered the first tomb in Egypt to be built entirely of stone..." For more information see Department of the History of Art THE TOMB OF SENNEFERI - N. Strudwick, Newton Institute, University of Cambridge, U.K. Multimedia Tomb of Senneferi Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). ERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Tomb of Senneferi "...The tomb of Senneferi is one of the 'Tombs of the Nobles' on the West Bank at Luxor in Egypt...." For more information see Egyptology Resources

Indian (India) INDIAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS INDIAN CIVIL CALENDAR - CALENDAR CONVERTER (ADOPTED FROM FORMILAB'S CALENDAR CONVERTER) - CalendarHome.com, Greater Online Marketing, LLC The National Calendar of India is composed of 12 months. The first month, Caitra, is 30 days in normal and 31 days in leap years. This is followed by five consecutive 31 day months, then six 30 day months..." Years in the Indian Calendar "...are counted from the start of the Saka Era, the equinox of March 22nd of year 79 in the Gregorian calendar, designated day 1 of month Caitra of year 1 in the Saka Era..." For more information see CalendarHome.com Japanese JAPANESE CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHRISTIAN YEAR TO JAPANESE ERA CONVERTER - Meiji Taisho Showa Heisei, Japan VERY EXTENSIVE. Christian Year to Japanese Era Calculator "...Converts Christian Year to Japanese Era and visce versa..." For more information see Furu's Home Page Jewish - Hebrew JEWISH CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HEBREW CALENDAR CALCULATORS & APPLETS HEBREW CALENDAR - P.D. Asimow, Experimental Petrology Group, Geological and Planetary Sciences Division, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) VERY EXTENSIVE. With the Hebrew Calendar you "...can input dates or date ranges either in Gregorian or Hebrew form; any date in the Common Era will work (i.e, after Gregorian Year 2 or Hebrew Year 3760)..." The Hebrew Calendar will also "...return all the festivals during the specified period..." For more information see Paul D. Asimow's Home Page; Paul D. Asimow's Faculty Home Page or the Geological and Planetary Sciences Division JOS CALENDAR CONVERSION - M. Tobias & B.I. Kouchel, JewishGen, Inc JOS Calendar Converter Calculator "...can convert a civil (Gregorian calendar) date into the equivalent date on the Hebrew calendar, and vice versa. It can also display Yahrzeit dates for consecutive years..." For more information see JOS - JewishGen Calculator or JewishGen JOS JEWISH FESTIVAL DATES - M. Tobias & B.I. Kouchel, JewishGen, Inc JOS Jewish Holiday Calendar Calculator "...can display a list of all Jewish holidays for any year - a civil year (Gregorian calendar) or a Jewish year (Hebrew calendar)..." For more information see JOS - JewishGen Calculator or JewishGen ZEMANIM (HALACHIC TIME OF DAY) CALCULATOR - Scharf Associates Zemanim Calculator "...Computes Alos HaShachar, Sunrise, Sunset, Sof Zeman K'rea Sh'ma, Plag HaMincha, Tzait hakochavim, etc..." For more information see Kashrut.com Lufkan LUFKAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LUFKAN CALENDAR - CALCULATOR - M. Bulmer, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Australia The Lufkan Calendar "...is based on cycles of lunar months, the lunta. These lunta are arranged in sequences of five each, known as zarsa. There are different names for the zarsa corresponding to the number of days in each of the five lunta..." For more information see Kelsa Lufkan (Lufkan Culture); Michael Bulmer's Home Page; School of Mathematics and Physics or the University of Queensland, Australia Mayan - Mesoamerican MAYAN EPIGRAPHIC DATABASE JOHN MONTOGOMERY DICTIONARY OF MAYA HIEROGLYPHS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Author: John Montgomery, Hosted by the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. Multimedia Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyps (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). Available in English, Spanish & Maya Words and Syllables. John Montgomery’s Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs is "...a unique reference to the hieroglyphic writing of the ancient Maya that presents over 1,200 hieroglyphs and glyph compounds. Each entry includes the hieroglyph, phonetic transcription, Mayan equivalent, part of speech, and meaning. Entries are given in alphabetical order of their phonetic spelling. Multiple indices are..." For more information see Dictionaries or the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies (FAMSI) MAYA HIEROGLYPH DICTIONARY - Authors: Peter Mathews and Péter Bíró, Drawings by John Montgomery and Hosted by teh Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. Multimedia Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary (Text Images). Available in English, Spanish & Maya Words and Syllables. Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary "...provides translations and analyses of about 1,000 Maya hieroglyphic words and compounds, arranged in alphabetical order. Each entry will eventually include a picture of the hieroglyph as well as its transcription and a translation in English and Spanish. The Maya Hieroglyph Dictionary also provides analyses of the word or compound and cross-references to similar words and compounds..." For more information see Dictionaries or the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies (FAMSI) MAYAN EPIGRAPHIC DATABASE PROJECT - R.C. Alvarado, Institute of Advanced Technology in the Humanities and the Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mayan Epigraphic Database "...consists of a relational database of glyphs ("gnumbers"), images, phonetic values ("pvalues"), and semantic values ("svalues") according to the consensus among various American Mayanists (MacLeod and Reents-Budet 1994). Also present is the beginning of an archive of digitally transcribed Mayan texts..." MAYAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MESOAMERICAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MAYAN DATE CALCULATOR - Michielb, The Netherlands The Maya "...developed a sophisticated calendar. The ritual calendar that developed in Mesoamerica used a count of 260 days. This calendar gave each day a name, much like our days of the week. There were 20 day names, each represented by a unique symbol..." Mayan Data Calculator "...will give a long count, calendar round..." For more information see The Maya Astronomy Page or Michielb MESOAMERICAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MAYA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MEXICA CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ZAPOTEC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AZTEC CALENDAR CONVERTER - Resonate View The Aztec Calendar Calculator "...as presented shows the name and number of the year (xiuhpohualli in Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs), the name of the 13-day week and the name and..." For more information see Aztec Calendars Persian PERSIAN CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS KHAYAM: A PERSIAN CALENDAR CALCULATOR - NetNative The Persian Calendar Calculator - Khayam Calculator "...allows you to convert the Jalaali and Gregorian calendars into each other. The first is official in Iran (and surrounding areas like Afghanistan, Central Asian Republics and Kurdish Mesopotamia) and the second in the west. The Jalaali calendar is named after Jalaal-ol-Din Malek-shaah-e Saljuqi by the great Iranian poet/mathematician Omar Khayyam who re-worked it in late fifth century hejri..." For more information see NetNative Vietnamese VIETNAMESE CALENDAR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS VIETNAMESE LUNAR CALENDAR CONVERSION (JAVA APPLET) - Ho Ngoc Duc, Institute of Informatics, University of Leipzig, Germany Vietnamese Lunar Calendar Calculator "...displays a month of the Gregorian calendar with the corresponding dates of the lunar calendar used in Vietnam..." In History "...sometimes the country was divided and different calendars were used in different regions. The historical calendar takes that fact into account and prints an additional lunar day in the upper right corner whenever the calendars used in the different regions do not agree...." For more information see Ho Ngoc Duc's Homepage

Calculators On-Line Center ~ Home Page

---

E-Mail Jim Martindale
Copyright © 1994-2010, All Rights Reserved, Jim Martindale

---