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Forensics & Forensic Pathology

AFDIL Repository for the Identification of Remains Forensic Identification & Forensic Toxicology Guidelines Time of Death Collection & Preservation of Evidence Forensic Investigation - Introduction of Forensic Science Forensic Medicine & Forensic Pathology Courses & Lectures (Interpretation of Wound Pattern, Blunt Force Injuries Sharp Force Injuries, Poisoning, Identification of the Dead, etc.) Advanced Forensic Science Textbooks & Courses (Medicolegal Death Investigation, Forensic Science Law, Communicating Scientific Findings in Court, Bullet Lead Evidence, etc.) FBI Forensics Standards, Guidelines, Research and Technology (Forensic Glass Examination, Human Hair Examination, Guidelines for Photographing Tire Impressions, etc.) Bloodstain Patterns ~ DNA Forensics ~ Fingerprinting Fire, Arson, Explosion and Bombing Forensic Osteology, Forensic Anthropology, Dentition, Facial Reconstruction, Taphonomy, etc. Forensic Entomology & Body Decompostion Veterinary Forensic Pathology Firearms, Forensic Firearms Identification, Gunshot Wounds, Patterns of Tissue Injury, etc. Firearms, Ballistics, Bullet Penetration, Arrow Penetration, Kenetics, etc. Calculators & Spreadsheets Autopsy Whole Body Anatomy Dissection Courses, Autopsy Databases, Cases, etc. Chemistry Courses, Calculators, Spreadsheets, etc. ~ Chemicals & Biochemicals Database Center Bioterrorism: Biological, Chemical & Nuclear Warfare Drug Databases ~ Calculators On-Line Center

FORENSICS & FORENSIC PATHOLOGY AFDIL Repository for the Identification of Remains ARMED FORCES DNA IDENTIFICATION LABORATORY (AFDIL) - Armed Forces Examiner System (AFMES), Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, Department of Defense Multimedia Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL) (Text & Images). Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL) includes "...Armed Forces Repository of Specimen Samples for the Identification of Remains (AFRSSIR); etc..." For more information see the Armed Forces Examiner System (AFMES) Forensic Identification & Forensic Toxicology Guidelines Forensic Identification Guidelines INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR IDENTIFICATION WORKING GROUPS GUIDELINES - International Association for Identification Multimedia Forensic Identification Guidelines (Text & Images). For more information see the International Association for Identification DIGITAL EVIDENCE GUIDELINES - Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE) Multimedia Digital Evidence Guidelines (Text & Images). Examples from over "10" "Digital Evidence Guidelines" Guidelines include "...Best Practices for Computer Forensics; Best Practices for Forensic Audio; Best Practices for Mobile Phone Examinations; etc..." For more information see the Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE) FOOTWARE AND TIRE IMPRESSION GUIDELINES - Scientific Working Group on Shoe Print and Tire Tread Evidence (SWGTREAD) Multimedia Footware and Tire Impression Guidelines (Text & Images). The Scientific Working Group on Shoe Print and Tire Tread Evidence (SWGTREAD) "...was created by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to serve as a professional forum in which experts in the forensic analysis of shoe print and tire tread evidence and practitioners from related fields, share, discuss, and evaluate methods, techniques, protocols,..." Examples from over "10" "Footwear and Tire Impression" Guidelines include "...Guide for the Detection of Footwear and Tire Impressions in the Field; Guide for the Detection of Footwear and Tire Impressions in the Laboratory; Guide for the Forensic Documentation and Photography of Footwear and Tire Impressions at the Crime Scene; Guide for the Examination of Footwear and Tire Impression Evidence; Terminology Used for Forensic Footwear and Tire Impression Evidence; etc..." For more information see the Scientific Working Group on Shoe Print and Tire Tread Evidence (SWGTREAD) SHOEPRINT AND TIRE TREAD EVIDENCE TECHNICAL ARTICLES - Scientific Working Group on Shoe Print and Tire Tread Evidence (SWGTREAD) Multimedia Shoe Print and Tire Tread Evidence Technical Articles (Text & Images). For more information see the Scientific Working Group on Shoe Print and Tire Tread Evidence (SWGTREAD) FOOTWARE TRAINING VIDEO - HOW TO CAST A FOOTWARE IMPRESSION - Scientific Working Group on Shoe Print and Tire Tread Evidence (SWGTREAD) Multimedia How to Cast a Footwear Impression Video (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). For more information see the Scientific Working Group on Shoe Print and Tire Tread Evidence (SWGTREAD) Forensic Toxicology Guidelines FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY GUIDELINES - Society of Forensic Toxicologists Multimedia Forensic Toxicology Guidelines (Text & Images). For more information see Society of Forensic Toxicologists Time of Death ESTIMATION OF TIME OF DEATH CALCULATOR (METHOD OF HENSSAGE) - Wolf Schweitzer, Institute of Legal Medicine (Institut für Rechtsmedizin), University of Zurich, Switzerland Estimation of Time of Death Calculator (Method of Henssge) INPUT Values include: "...Henssge empiric correction factor; Ambient temperature; Initial body temperature; Rectal body temperature; Naked body weight..." Estimation of Time of Death Calculator Tables include: Table 1: Empiric corrective factors of the body weight in context of thermally indifferent ground under body (other ground types: Tab.2) and applied to a body weight of 70 kg; Table 2: Adaptation of corrective factors (f, see Tab.1) to ground under body; Table 3: Dependency of corrective factor on body weight; For more information see the Institut für Rechtsmedizin ESTIMATING THE TIME OF DEATH (JAVA APPLET) - Ed Friedlander, The Pathology Guy Multimedia Time of Death Calculator (Text & Images). Estimating the Time of Death Calculator "...is intended primarily to assist police officers during the earliest phases of homicide investigation..." Estimating the Time of Death Calculator INPUT Values include "...Core Body Temperature; Body Weight; Where Found; Covering: Environmental Temperature; etc..." For more information see The Pathology Guy Collection & Preservation of Evidence HANDBOOK OF FORENSIC SERVICES (REVISED 2007) - Editor: K. Waggoner, FBI Laboratory, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Department of Justice Multimedia Forensic Collection & Preservation of Evidence Textbook - PDF: 202 Pages (Text & Images). Handbook of Forensic Services provides "...guidance and procedures for safe and efficient methods of collecting, preserving, packaging, and shipping evidence and to describe the forensic examinations performed by the FBI's Laboratory Division and Investigative Technology Division..." Examples of "Handbook of Forensic Services" Chapters & Subsections include Introduction; Submitting Evidence; Evidence Examinations "... Abrasives; Arson; Bank Security Dyes; Bullet Jacket Alloys; Chemical Unknowns; Crime Scene Surveys, Documentation, and Reconstruction; Electronic Devices; Explosives; Firearms; Image Analysis; Latent Prints; Metallurgy; Polymers; Racketeering Records; Serial Numbers; Tire Treads; Weapons of Mass Destruction; etc..." Crime-Scene Safety "...Basic Premises; Preparation; Secure and Protect; Evaluate Physical Evidence; Narrative; Photography; Search, Record, and Physical-Evidence Collection; etc..." For more information see Laboratory Services or the Federal Bureau of Investigation Forensic Investigation - Introduction of Forensic Science INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC SCIENCE - S.M. Diab, Criminal & Social Justice, University of St. Francis Multimedia Introduction of Forensic Science Course (Text & Images). Examples of "Introduction of Forensic Science" Course Lectures include "...The Crime Scene - Physical Evidence; Glass and Soil; Organic Analysis; Inorganic Analysis; Hairs, Fibers, and Paint; Toxicology; Document and Voice Examination; For more information see Forensic Chemistry or the University of St. Francis Forensic Medicine & Forensic Pathology Courses & Lectures Forensic Medicine & Forensic Pathology Courses FORENSIC MEDICINE COURSE: LECTURE NOTES - D. Pounder, Centre for Forensic and Legal Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland Multimedia Forensic Medicine Course (Text & Images). For more information see the Centre for Forensic and Legal Medicine Examples from over "20" "Forensic Medicine" Course Lectures include Wounds I Lecture Examples of "Wounds I" Lecture Sections include "...Bruises; Abrasions; Lacerations; Incisions; Penetrating Wounds; Interpretation of Wound Pattern; Bruises; Stabs; etc..." Wounds II Lecture Examples of "Wounds II" Lecture Sections & Subsections include Blunt Force Injuries "...Bruises; Abrasions; Lacerations; Bites..." Sharp Force Injuries "...Incisions; Chop wounds; Stabs..." Interpretation of Wound Pattern "...Self-inflicted; Assault; Accident; RTA..." Burns & Scalds; Electrical Injuries; Internal Injuries; Effects of Injury; etc. Identification Lecture Examples of "Identification" Lecture Sections & Subsections include Identification of the living; Identification of the dead; Primary & Secondary Physical Characteristics; Skeletal Remains "...Determination of Sex; Race; Stature; Age; Dating Skeletal Remains..." Bodies Recovered from Fire Lecture Examples of "Bodies Recovered from Fire" Lecture Sections include "...Investigation Circumstances & Manner of Death; Smoke Inhalation & Toxic Gases; Carbon Monoxide; Hydrogen Cyanide; Burns; etc..." Forensic Medicine & Forensic Pathology Lessons FORENSIC PATHOLOGY - E.C. Klatt, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA; Hosted by the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library Multimedia Forensic Pathology Lessons (Text & Images). Examples of "Forensic Pathology" Lessons include "...Blunt Force and Physical Trauma; Environmental Accidents; Drug Abuse and Poisoning; Trauma with Sharp Instruments; Firearms Injuries; etc..." For more information see General Pathology; WebPath: The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education or the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library

Advanced Forensic Science Textbooks & Courses Medicolegal Death Investigation MEDICOLEGAL DEATH INVESTIGATION SYSTEM - Committee for the Workshop on the Medicolegal Death Investigation System, Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Institute of Medicine & Published by the National Academies Press Multimedia Medicolegal Death Investigation System Workshop Summary (Text & Images). Medicolegal Death Investigation System "...is responsible for conducting death investigations and certifying the cause and manner of unnatural and unexplained deaths. Unnatural and unexplained deaths include homicides, suicides, unintentional injuries, drug-related deaths, and other deaths that are sudden or unexpected..." "...Approximately 20% of the 2.4 million deaths in the US each year are investigated by medical examiners and coroners, accounting for approximately 450,000 medicolegal death investigations annually..." Examples of "Medicolegal Death Investigation System" Textbook Chapters include "...Overview of the Medicolegal Death Investigation System in the United States; Infrastructure and Training; Professionalism, Standards, and Quality; Comparing Medical Examiner and Coroner Systems; Medicolegal Death Investigation and the Criminal Justice System; Medicolegal Death Investigation, Public Health, and Health Care; Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness; etc..." For more information see the Medicolegal Death Investigation System Home Page; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Institute of Medicine or the National Academies Press Forensic Science Law FORENSIC SCIENCE: THE NEXUS OF SCIENCE AND THE LAW: 2005 - Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia, National Academy of Sciences Multimedia Forensic Science: The Nexus of Science and the Law (Text & Images). Examples of "Forensic Science: The Nexus of Science and the Law" Subject Categories & Lectures include "...Scientific Evidence and the Law "...Legal Standards for Expert Testimony & Discussions..." DNA Fingerprinting and Related Genetics Advances: From the Laboratory to the Crime Scene to the Courts; "...Early DNA Fingerprinting Techniques and Scientific Issues Laboratory Testing of DNA for Forensic Use: Protocols, Quality Assurance, Training and Accreditation Issues; etc..." Expert Scientific Evidence and Testimony "...Illusions of Memory and Loss of Justice; The Evaluation and Interpretation of Scientific Evidence..." Identification Through Biometrics "...Uniqueness of Fingerprints; Iris Scanning for Human ID; Scientific Validation of Human ID Technologies; etc..." Emerging Areas of Forensic Science "...The Validity of Digital Photographic Evidence; Forensic Toxicology; etc..." For more information see the National Academy of Sciences SCIENCE IN EVIDENCE - D.H. Kaye, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, School of Life Sciences, and the Center for the Study of Law, Science, & Technology Arizona State University Multimedia Science in Evidence Textbook & Supplements (Text & Images). Rorensic Sciences "...In the broadest sense, forensic science is any science used in the resolution of legal conflicts. The word "forensic" comes from the Latin forensus, meaning "of the forum." The ancient Roman forum was the site of debates concerning governmental issues, but it also was the courthouse, where trials were held. Consequently, forensic science has come to mean the study and practice of applying natural and physical sciences to the just resolution of social and legal issues. What distinguishes it from other sciences is its use by the legal system; what distinguishes a forensic scientist from other scientists is the expectation of routine appearances in a court of law..." Examples from over "20" "Science in Evidence" Textbook Chapters include "...Forensic Science in an Adversarial System; Communicating Scientific Findings in Court; Medicolegal Death Investigations; Bringing the Autopsy into the Courtroom; Judicial Scrutiny of New Scientific Tests; Fingerprinting; DNA Typing: Lingering and Emerging Issues; DNA Typing: Freeing the Innocent; Sanity and Some Other Things; Testing for Truth; Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Syndromes and Profiles; Epidemiology and Toxicology; etc..." For more information see David H. Kaye's Home Page at Penn State; David H. Kaye's Home Page at ASU; Center for the Study of Law, Science, & Technology or the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law FORENSIC ANALYSIS: WEIGHING BULLET LEAD EVIDENCE - Committee on Scientific Assessment of Bullet Lead Elemental Composition Comparison, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Division of Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the National Academies, and Published by the National Academies Press Multimedia Forensic Analysis: Weighing Bullet Lead Evidence Textbook (Text & Images). Compositional Analysis of Bullet Lead (CABL) "...the National Research Council (NRC) was called on to evaluate CABL scientifically, statistically, and legally. The questions in the statement of task accepted by the NRC with respect to CABL were as follows: Analytical method: Is the method analytically sound? What are the relative merits of the methods... Statistics for comparison: Are the statistical tests used to compare two samples appropriate? Can known variations... Interpretation issues: What are the appropriate statements that can be made to assist the requester in interpreting the results of compositional bullet lead comparison..." Examples of "Forensic Analysis: Weighing Bullet Lead Evidence" Textbook Chapters include "...Compositional Analysis; Statistical Analysis of Bullet Lead Data; Interpretation..." Examples of "Forensic Analysis: Weighing Bullet Lead Evidence" Textbook Appendixes include "...Simulating False Match Probabilities Based on Normal Theory; Principal Components Analysis: How Many Elements Should Be Measured?; Understanding the Significance of the Results of Trace Elemental Analysis of Bullet Lead; etc..." For more information see the Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology; The National Academies or the National Academies Press Forensics: FBI Forensics Standards, Guidelines, Research and Technology FORENSIC SCIENCE COMMUNICATIONS: STANDARDS, GUIDELINES, RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY FROM VARIOUS VOLUMES - CURRENT ISSUE - Forensic Science Communications, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Department of Justice Multimedia Forensic Standards, Guidelines, Research and Technology Articles (Text & Images). For more information see Laboratory Services or the Federal Bureau of Investigation Examples of "Back Issues" Forensic Standards, Guidelines, Research and Technology FSC, April 2010 - Volume 12 - Number 2 Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning of "Crime Scene Gum" as a Forensic Method Demonstrating the Creation of Virtual Tooth Surface Contour and Web-Based Rapid Model Fabrication FSC, July 2009, Volume 11, Number 3 Is a Match Really a Match? A Primer on the Procedures and Validity of Firearm and Toolmark Identification FSC, January 2008, Volume 10, Number 1 Analysis of Bank Dye Evidence and the Challenges of Daubert Hearings DNA Recovery from Semen Swabs with the DNA IQ System FSC, October 2007, Volume 9, Number 4 Standard Guide for Microspectrophotometry and Color Measurement in Forensic Paint Analysis FSC, January 2007, Volume 9, Number 1 Fundamental Frequency Analysis of a Metal Baseball Bat A New Approach for the Extraction of DNA from Postage Stamps FSC, January 2005, Volume 7, Number 1 Introduction to Forensic Glass Examination Collection, Handling, and Identification of Glass Elemental Analysis of Glass FSC, April 2005, Volume 7, Number 2 Analysis of the Uniqueness and Persistence of Human Scent Forensic Human Hair Examination Guidelines Forensic Fiber Examiner Training Program Forensic Fiber Examiner Training Program Chapters include "...Introduction; Forensic Fiber Examiner Training Program; Fiber Transfer and Persistence; Casework Familiarization/Search and Recovery; Microscopy Review; Fiber Examinations/Preliminary Observations; Identification of Vegetable Fibers; Identification of Animal Textile Fibers; Identification of Inorganic Fibers; Manufactured Fiber Examination - Optical Properties; etc..." Forensics: Bloodstain Patterns Bloodstain Patterns Analysis Terminology BLOODSTAIN PATTERN ANALYSIS: RECOMMENDED TERMINOLOGY - Scientific Working Group on Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (SWGSTAIN), Federal Bureau of Investigation Multimedia Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Recommended Terminology - PDF, 3 Pages (Text & Images). Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Recommended Terminology "...provides a recommended list of terms to use when teaching, discussing, writing, or testifying on bloodstain pattern analysis...." For more information see Forensic Science Communication; Laboratory Services or the Federal Bureau of Investigation Bloodstain Pattern Formation Videos HIGH SPEED DIGITAL VIDEO ANALYSIS OF BLOODSTAIN PATTERN FORMATION FROM COMMON BLOODLETTING MECHANISMS VIDEOS - PHOTRON FASTCAM VIEWER - Principal Investigators: T. Laber, B. Epstein & M. Taylor, Midwest Forensic Resource Center (MFRC), Ames, Iowa High Speed Digital Video Analysis of Bloodstain Patter Formation from Common Bloodletting Mechanisms Videos "...Over 200 video clips were made of blood spatter experiments that are typically performed by individuals attending a basic bloodstain pattern analysis course..." For more information see the Midwest Forensic Resource Center (MFRC) Bloodstain Patterns Software BLOODSTAIN PATTERNS - A.L. Carter (Retired), Department of Physics, Carleton University Multimedia Bloodstain Patterns Software. Bloodstain Patterns "...Directional Analysis of bloodstain patterns is a mathematical procedure, developed by the author, for finding the directions in space (virtual strings) that point from the bloodstains to a spot directly above the location of the blood source..." For more information see Alfred L. Carter's Home Page or the Department of Physics Forensics: DNA Forensics Database, Courses, Reports, Lectures, etc. DNA FORENSICS - DNA.gov Multimedia DNA Forensics Database, Courses, Reports, Lectures, etc. (Text & Images). Examples of "DNA Forensics" Subject Categories include "...Forensic DNA Databases; Solving Cold Cases; Postconviction Testing; Identification in Mass Fatality Incidents; Identifying Missing Persons; Solving Property Crimes; DNA and Wildlife Forensics; Tools for Forensic Scientists; etc..." For more information see DNA.gov Examples of DNA Courses include Crime Scene and DNA Basics for Forensic Analyists Course Crime Scene and DNA Basics for Forensic Analyists Course First Module "...addresses the importance of documenting, protecting, and preserving the scene and what types of evidence can be found there and methods used for its collection and preservation..." Second Module "...addresses the historical use and disadvantages of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), the method and sequence of steps in which DNA profiles are developed, and the concept of short tandem repeats (STR) testing and its advantages over earlier methods..." Laboratory Orientation and Testing of Body Fluids and Tissues for Forensic Analysts Course Laboratory Orientation and Testing of Body Fluids and Tissues for Forensic Analysts Course First Lesson "...addresses basic procedures, safety requirements, and the laboratory's quality assurance program(s)..." Second Lesson "...is an overview of historical and contemporary techniques used to characterize body tissues. Some techniques are still used in the examination of body fluids, while knowledge of others, such as ABO and multi-enzyme systems, is of value if old cases are opened for review..." USING DNA TO SOLVE COLD CASES - National Institute of Justice (NIJ), Department of Justice Multimedia DNA Forensics Lessons (Text & Images). NIJ Special Report "...serves as a practical resource for law enforcement personnel who review old, cold, or unsolved cases that may be solved through the use of DNA technology and databases..." Examples of "NIJ Special Report" Sections include "...Introduction The Long and Short of DNA How Can DNA Databases Aid Investigations? Practical Considerations Identifying, Analyzing, and Prioritizing Cases; etc..." For more information see Publications or the National Institute of Justice

Forensics: Fingerprinting Fingerprint Dictionary FINGERPRINT DICTIONARY - M. Triplett Multimedia Fingerprint Dictionary (Text & Images). Michele Triplett's Fingerprint Dictionary "...A collection of over 1,000 terms used in the Science of Fingerprint Identification..." Friction Ridge Guidelines FRICTION RIDGE GUIDELINES - Scientific Working Group on Friction Ridge Analysis, Study and Technology (SWGFAST) Multimedia Friction Ridge Guidelines (Text & Images). Scientific Working Group on Friction Ridge Analysis, Study and Technology "...has expanded its focus from only forensic latent print examinations to include tenprint examinations and operations. The fundamental principles and scientific foundations for friction ridge impression examinations are the same for both types of examinations..." Examples of "Friction Ridge" Guidelines include "...Friction Ridge Automation Training Guidelines; Friction Ridge Digital Imaging Guidelines; Guidelines for Latent Print Proficiency Testing Programs; Guidelines for Professional Conduct; etc..." Latent Fingerprint Processing Techniques LATENT FINGERPRINT PROCESSING TECHNIQUES - SELECTION AND SEQUENCING GUIDE - A. Mankevich, Latent Print Unit, Crime Laboratory Division, Maryland State Police; and the collaborative efforts of members by the Chesapeake Bay Division, International Association for Identification (CBD-IAI) Multimedia Latent Fingerprint Processing Techniques (Text & Images). Latent Fingerprint Processing Techniques "...The focus of this program is to provide background and guidance regarding a latent fingerprint processing technque's capabilities, applicability, incompatabilities and sequencing in order to guide an examiner in his/her selection of an appropriate technique..." Examples from over "20" "Latent Fingerprint Processing Techniques" Categories with over "100" Techniques include "...Amino Acid Techniques; Sebaceous/Lipidic Techniques; Eccrine Techniques; Blood Techniques; Fluorescent Techniques; Non-Destructive Techniques; Porous Surfaces; Non-Porous Surfaces; Glass Surfaces; Plastic Surfaces; Wet Surfaces; Post-Cyanoacrylate; etc..." For more information see Chesapeake Bay Division, International Association for Identification (CBD-IAI) Latent Print Technical Information ACE-V METHODOLOGY EXCURSION Chesapeake Bay Division, International Association for Identification (CBD-IAI) Multimedia Latent Print Technical Information (Text & Images). ACE-V Methodology "...Gives structure to & guides the examiner through the process; Bases Individualizations upon sound scientific principles; Conclusions are objective; based on faithful execution of this methodology, not mere observations or intuition; etc..." ACE-V Methodology includes "...Analysis; Comparison; Evaluation; Verification; ACE-V Standards; etc..." For more information see Chesapeake Bay Division, International Association for Identification (CBD-IAI) Forensics: Fire, Arson, Explosion and Bombing Fire, Arson, Explosion and Bombing Related Centers FOR FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING CORUSES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS, SPREADSHEETS, ETC. SEE THE ENGINEERING CENTER: FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING FOR FIRE CALCULATORS, SPREADSHEETS, DATABSES, ETC. SEE THE FORESTRY: FIRE MANAGEMENT FOR CHEMICALS & BIOCHEMICALS DATABASES SEE THE CHEMICALS & BIOCHEMICALS DATABASES CENTER FOR CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS, ENGINEERING, ETC. CALCULATORS, SPREADSHEETS, COURSES, DATABASES, ETC. SEE THE CALCULATORS ONLINE CENTER Fire, Arson, Explosion and Bombing Databases IGNITABLE LIQUIDS REFERENCE COLLECTION (ILRC) - National Center of Forensic Science, A program of the National Institute of Justice hosted by the University of Central Florida Multimedia Ignitable Liquids Reference Database (Text & Images). Ignitable Liquids Reference Collection "...database allows multiple ignitable liquid classification criteria to be searched simultaneously. This enables the analyst to quickly search the database of over 400 ignitable liquids..." Ignitable Liquids Reference Collection "...is a compilation of reference materials used by forensic analysts to conduct fire debris analysis. The ILRC consists of a comprehensive set of ignitable liquids and accompanying characterization data used in the analysis of fire debris samples in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E-1618 standard test methods..." For more information see the National Center for Forensic Science PHYSICAL HAZARD DATABASE FOR CHEMICALS & EXPLOSION HAZARD DATABASE FOR ENERGETIC MATERIALS - Department of Physicsl Chemistry, National Institute Of Materials and Chemical Research (NIMC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan Multimedia Explosion Hazard Database (Text & Images). Available in English & Japanese. Physical Hazard Database for Chemicals - Explosion Hazard Database "...includes explosion hazard test data for energetic materials obtained at laboratories of the NIMC (National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research) in JAPAN..." For more information see RIO-DB Home Page (English); Research Information Database or the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) GAS EXPLOSIONS - Department of Physicsl Chemistry, National Institute Of Materials and Chemical Research (NIMC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan Multimedia Gas Explosions Database (Text & Images). In English & Japanese. Gas Explosion Database "...contains the systematically edited data for explosion hazards of gaseous materials; edited data consist of both original ones of NIMC and common ones..." Gas Explosion Hazards OUTPUT Values for each Chemical includes Chemical Formula; CAS; NIOSH; Molecular Weight; Specific Gravity; Boiling Point; Evapolation Heat; Heat of Combustion; Stoichiometric Mixture; Explosion Limit in Air Mixture; Ignition Temperature; Flashing Temperature; Maximum Burning Velocity; Adiabatic Flame Temperature in Stoichiometric Mixture; Ignition Energy of Stoichiometric Mixture; Minimum Ignition Energy; Quenching Distance of Stoichiometric Mixture; Minimum Quenching Distance; Relative Detonation Hazard; TLV-TWA; Mixing Hazard; Pyrolysate Gas; etc..." For more information see RIO-DB Home Page (English); Research Information Database or the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Fire, Arson, Explosion and Bombing Guides, Courses, Lectures, etc. A GUIDE FOR EXPLOSION AND BOMBING SCENE INVESTIGATION - Technical Working Group for Bombing Scene Investigation, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice Multimedia Guide for Explosion and Bombing Scene Investigation (Text & Images). Guide for Explosion and Bombing Scene Investigation "...Outlines the tasks that should be considered at every explosion scene, focusing on those related to the identification, collection, and preservation of evidence. Consistent collection of quality evidence in bombing cases will result in more successful investigations and prosecutions..." Examples of "A Guide for Explosion and Bombing Scene Investigation" Sections include "...Procuring Equipment and Tools; Prioritizing Initial Response Efforts; Evaluating the Scene; Documenting the Scene; Processing Evidence at the Scene; Completing and Recording the Scene Investigation; etc..." For more information see the Publications or the National Institute of Justice FIRE AND ARSON SCENE EVIDENCE - Technical Working Group on Fire/Arson Scene Investigation, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice Fire and Arson Scene Evidence "...Outlines basic procedures for fire scene documentation and evidence collection. This Research Report is aimed at public safety personnel who may not be trained in the specialized aspects of fire scene investigation but may be in the position of having to respond to a fire/arson scene..." Examples of "Fire and Arson Scene Evidence" Sections include "...Establishing the Role of First Responders; Evaluating the Scene; Documenting the Scene; Processing Evidence at the Scene; etc..." For more information see the Publications or the National Institute of Justice

Forensics: Forensic Anthropology Forensic Osteology, Forensic Anthropology, Facial Reconstruction, Taphonomy, etc. HUMAN OSTEOLOGY - S.G Sheridan, Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Letters, University of Notre Dame Multimedia Osteology Course (Text & Images). Examples of "Human Osteology" Course Lectures include "...Skull & Dentition; Biomechanics of Chewing Locomotion Biocultural Reconstruction: Kneeling Paleopathology Forensic Anthropology Paleodemography Diet Reconstruction; etc..." For more information see Human Osteology Home Page; Classes; Susan Guise Sheridan's Home Page or the Department of Anthropology OSTEOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (QUICKTIME) - J. Ahern, Biological Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming Multimedia Anthropology Lessons (Text, Images, Animations & Videos/Movies). Examples of "Anthropology, Forensic Anthropology & Osteology" Lessons include "...Hominid Fossils; Hominid Fossil Sites; Bone Injuries & Pathology; Virtual Human Skeleton; Facial Reconstruction; Human Cranial Anatomy..." For more information see Jim Ahern's Home Page or the Department of Anthropology Forensics: Forensic Entomology & Body Decompostion Forensic Entomology Related Centers FOR ENTOMOLOGY (INSECTS & PESTS) DATABASES, COURSES, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE ENTOMOLOGY, MYCOLOGY, LICHENS, PROTIST CENTER Body Decompostion Courses BODY DECOMPOSTION - Author: Richard Major, Australian Museum Research Scientist, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia Multimedia Body Decompostion Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Examples of "Body Decompostion" Course Chapters & Subchapters include Body Changes; Stages of Decomposition "...Initial decay; Putrefaction; Black putrefaction; Butyric fermentation; Dry decay..." Corpse Fauna: Organisms Feeding on Dead Bodies "...Bacteria; Flies; Beetles; Mites; Parasitoid Wasps; Moths..." Forensic Evidence; etc..." For more information see the Australian Museum THE FORENSIC TECHNOLOGY REVIEW Veterinary Forensic Pathology FOR VETERINARY COURSES, LECTURES, DATABASES, ETC. SEE THE VETERINARY CENTER Forensics: Firearms, Forensic Firearms Identification, Gunshot Wounds, Patterns of Tissue Injury Firearms FIREARMS TUTORIAL - E.C. Klatt, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA; Hosted by the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library Multimedia Firearms Lessons (Text & Images). For more information see Tutorials; WebPath: The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education or the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library Examples of "Firearms" Lessons include Anatomy of Firearms Ballistics Patterns of Tissue Injury Gunshot Wounds GUNSHOT WOUNDS - D. Pounder, Centre for Forensic and Legal Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland Multimedia Gunshot Wounds Lecture - PDF, 19 Pages (Text & Images). Examples of "Gunshot Wounds" Categories & Subcategories include Small Arms "...Handguns; Rifles; Shotguns; Submachine Guns; Machine Guns; etc..." Small Arms Ammunition "...Cartridge; Primer; Propellant; Bullet..." Ballistics, Gunshot Residues; Bullet wounds, Range of Fire; Shotgun Wounds; Shotguns & Ammunition; Investigation of Gunshot Cases, X-rays, Suicide; etc..." For more information see Forensic Medicine Course: Lecture Notes Centre for Forensic and Legal Medicine Forensic Firearms Identification FORENSIC FIREARMS IDENTIFICATION - J.S. Doyle, Firearms I.D. Multimedia Forensic Firearms Identification Lessons (Text & Images). Examples of "Firearms Identification" Lessons include "...FirearmID Fundamentals; Bullet Identification; Bullet Basics; Rifling; Rifling Impressions; GRC Identification; Cartridge Case ID; Striated Action Marks; etc..." Examples of "Firearms Identification" Databases which Require Registration include "...Bullet Search Database; Trigger Pull Database; etc..." For more information see Firearms I.D.

Forensics: Firearms & Ballistics Calculators FOR MORE CALCULATORS & JAVA APPLETS SEE ARROW PENETRATION, BULLET PENETRATION, GUNS, RIFLES, SHOTGUNS & BALLISTICS BULLET PENETRATION CALCULATOR - Beartooth Bullets Bullet Penetration Calculator "...generates a relative penetration index for any given bullet. It derives it's information based on the bullet's weight and frontal area of the nose. The index number generated does not represent inches of penetration, but rather provides a very precise tool for comparing the penetration potential of any two non-expanding bullets. To utilize this tool for expanding bullets, you must first determine the anticipated diameter of the bullet after expansion..." For more information see Ballistician's Corner - Calculators or Beartooth Bullets BALLISTICIAN'S CORNER - CALCULATORS - Beartooth Bullets Ballistician's Corner "...A comprehensive collection of interactive, online ballistics calculators! Exterior Ballistics, Recoil Calculator, Wound Channel Calculator, Stopping Power Calculators (mutiple), Round Ball Weight Calculator, Powder Calculators, and more! A one-stop resource for your technical ballistic data needs..." Examples of "Ballistics" Calculators include "...Permanent Wound Channel Calculator; Relative Penetration Calculator; Thornily Relative Stopping Power Calculator; Taylor Knock Out Power Calculator; Foot-Pounds Energy Calculator; Recoil Calculator; Ballistic Coefficient (BC) Calculator; External Ballistics Calculator; Loads per Pound of Powder Calculator; Sectional Density Calculator; Cost per Load/Box Calculator; etc..." For more information see Beartooth Bullets Some examples from over "14" Ballistics Calculators include Relative Penetration Calculator Relative Penetration Calculator "...Generates the relative penetration index for any given bullet. Calculates based on bullet weight and Meplat or fronal area of the bullet..." Thornily Stopping Power Calculator Thornily Stopping Power Calculator "...calculates via a relative stopping power quotient the amount of gun and load necessary..." Foot-Pounds Energy Calculator Foot-Pounds Energy Calculator "...Figure foot-pounds energy of a load..." Recoil Calculator Recoil Calculator "...figures the velocity in fps of how fast the gun comes back at you, as well as how many foot-pounds are traveling with it..." JBM SMALL ARMS BALLISTICS CALCULATORS - J.B. Millard, Las Cruces, New Mexico VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "JBM Small Arms Ballistics" Calculators include "...Ballistic Coefficients (Time) Calculator; Ballistic Coefficients (Velocity) Calculator; Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator; Drag Function Conversion Calculator; Maximum Distance Calculator; Modified Point Mass Trajectory Calculator; Bower Factor Calculator; Recoil Calculator; etc..." For more information see Brad Millard's Home Page Examples from over "10" "JBM Small Arms Ballistics" Calculators include Ballistic Coefficients (Velocity) Calculator Ballistic Coefficients Calculator "...finds the ballistic coefficient of a bullet fired over a known distance..." Ballistic Coefficients Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Near Velocity; Far Velocity; Distance; Drag Function; Temperature; Pressure; Relative Humidity; Altitude; ..." Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator "...provides the bullet drag and stability (not Greenhill's formula) based on bullet dimensions..." Bullet Drag and Twist Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Caliber; Nose Length; Meplat Diameter; Ogive Radius; Nose Type; Boattail Length; Base Diameter; Total Length; Rotating Band Diameter; Weight; etc..." Trajectory Calculator Trajectory Calculator "...Calculate a trajectory from bullet, velocity, firearm and atmospheric parameters..." Trajectory Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select bullet or enter Ballistic Coefficient and Bullet Weight; Caliber; Muzzle Velocity; Chronograph Distance; Sight Height; Sight Offset; Zero Height; Zero Offset; Azimuth; Elevation; LOS Angle; Cant Angle; Wind Speed; Wind Angle; Target Speed; Target Angle; etc..." BALLISTIC CALCULATOR - Handloads.com VERY EXTENSIVE. Ballistic Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Velocity; Bullet Weight; Sight in at; Ball Coefficient; Sight Height: Intervals; Maximum Range; Muzzle Elevation; Degrees; Temperature; Altitude; Wind Miles per Hour; Wind Direction..." Ballistic Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Range; Remaining Velocity; Total Drop; Point of Impact in Relation to Aiming Point; Time of Flight; Remaining Energy in Foot Pounds; Wind Drift;..." For more information see Handloads.com BALLISTIC COEFFICIENTS (RIFLES & HANDGUNS) - Sierra Bullets, Sedalia, Missouri VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. "...Choose the appropriate bullet of your gun type for the ballistic coefficients..." For more information see Sierra Bullets Related Forensic Centers with Atlases, Courses, Databases, etc. FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER FOR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS, NUCLEAR RADIATION EXPOSURE, ETC. SEE THE PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER FOR DRUG DATABASES SEE THE PHARMACY CENTER

GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOLOGY & HEPATIC PATHOLOGY Gastrointestinal Pathology & Hepatic Pathology Clinical Guidelines HEPATOLOGY PRACTICE GUIDELINES - American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Multimedia Hepatic Pathology Clinical Guidelines (PDF) (Text & Images). Examples of "Hepatic Pathology" Clinical Guidelines include "...Metabolic, Genetic, Autoimmune Liver Disease Guidelines; Viral Hepatitis Guidelines; Portal Hypertension Guidelines; End State Liver Disease/Surgery Guidelines; etc..." For more information see the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Gastrointestinal Pathology Cases & Hepatic Pathology Cases GASTROENTEROLOGY: THE DAVE PROJECT (FLASH, REAL PLAYER, WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER, iTUNES STORE) - Managing Editor: Brenna C. Bounds (Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University), CME Editor: William R. Brugge (Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University), The DAVE Project (Digital Atlas of Video Education) Multimedia Gastroenterology: Atlas of Endoscopy, Gastroenterology Grand Rounds, Gastroenterology Fellows Rounds, ASGE Videos, Pathology Side Box, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). The DAVE Project "...is a collection of teaching tools. The project consists of a gastrointestinal endoscopy video atlas and medical lectures and presentations..." "...Physicians are encouraged to submit material, for consideration, new entries to enrich and expand the atlas..." Gastroenterology includes "...over "600" Videos within the Atlas of Endoscopy; Gastroenterology Video Grand Rounds; Gastroenterology Video Fellows Rounds; ASGE Videos; Pathology Side Box..." GI PATHOLOGY CASES - Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Multimedia GI Pathology Cases (Text & Images). Includes over "40" GI Pathology Unknown Cases. Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology or the Department of Pathology Gastrointestinal Pathology & Hepatic Pathology Lectures & Lessons DIAGNOSIS AND GRADING OF BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS - Department of Pathology, University of Washington Multimedia Barrett's Esophagus Lectures (Text & Images). Barrett's Esophagus "...The diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus requires both endoscopic and histologic evidence of metaplastic columnar epithelium. Endoscopically, there must be columnar epithelium within the esophagus. Histologically, the epithelium must be metaplastic..." Examples of "Barrett's Esophagus" Lectures include "...Definition of Barrett's Esophagus; Definition and Characteristics of Dysplasia in Barrett's Esophagus; Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Dysplasia; Problems with Grading of Dysplasia in Barrett's Esophagus..." For more information see the Department of Pathology GRADING DYSPLASIA IN BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS: IMAGES FOR PATHOLOGIST - Division of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Multimedia Grading Dysplasia in Barrett's Esophagus Lectures (Text & Images). Barrett's Esophagus "...is a precancerous condition of the esophagus that typically affects white males over 50 years although others may also have this condition. The incidence of the type of cancer associated with Barrett's esophagus has recently dramatically increased in the United States even though Barrett's -associated cancer may be prevented or cured with early diagnosis and treatment..." Examples of "Grading Dysplasia in Barrett's Esophagus" Lectures include "...Diagnosis; Dysplasia; Medical Treatment; Surgery; Esophageal Cancer; Images for Pathologists; Clinical Trials; etc..." For more information see Barrett's Esophagus; Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology or the Department of Pathology HEPATIC PATHOLOGY - E.C. Klatt, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA; Hosted by the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library Multimedia Hepatic Pathology Lessons (Text & Images). Examples of "Hepatic Pathology" Subject Categories include "...Normal Liver; Steatosis; Cirrhosis; Pigmentary Disorders; Neoplasms; Viral Hepatitis; Miscellaneous Parenchymal Diseases..." For more information see Organ System Pathology; WebPath: The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education or the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER - E. Orfei, Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Education Network (LUMEN), Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago Multimedia Pathology of the Liver Lessons (Text & Images). Examples of "Pathology of the Liver" Subject Categories include "...Normal Histology; General Pathology; Cirrhosis; Viral Hepatitis; Other Viruses; Toxic and Drug Hepatitis; Vascular Disorders; Diseases of the Biliary System; etc..." For more information see Graduate Medical Education or LUMEN Colonoscopy: Virtual Colonoscopy - CT Colonography with Text, Images & Videos/Movies VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY (QUICKTIME) - National Cancer Institute Multimedia Virtual Colonoscopy Video Lessons (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). Virtual Colonoscopy Movie located a little over 1/2 way down the page. Virtual Colonoscopy "...The left side of the screen is an exterior representation of the colon and the right side of the screen is a tour of the inside of the colon..." For more information see Colorectal Cancer or the National Cancer Institute VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY (REALPLAYER) - Virtual Colonoscopy, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, New York University Multimedia Colonoscopy Atlas - Colonoscopy Video Lessons (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). Virtual Colonoscopy "....is an evolving non-invasive imaging technique that allows doctors to detect colorectal polyps (growths) and cancers..." For more information see Virtual Colonoscopy Gastronintestinal Endoscopy Atlases with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound GASTROENTEROLOGY: THE DAVE PROJECT (FLASH, REAL PLAYER, WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER, iTUNES STORE) - Managing Editor: Brenna C. Bounds (Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University), CME Editor: William R. Brugge (Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University), The DAVE Project (Digital Atlas of Video Education) Multimedia Gastroenterology: Atlas of Endoscopy, Gastroenterology Grand Rounds, Gastroenterology Fellows Rounds, ASGE Videos, Pathology Side Box, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). The DAVE Project "...is a collection of teaching tools. The project consists of a gastrointestinal endoscopy video atlas and medical lectures and presentations..." "...Physicians are encouraged to submit material, for consideration, new entries to enrich and expand the atlas..." Gastroenterology includes "...over "600" Videos within the Atlas of Endoscopy; Gastroenterology Video Grand Rounds; Gastroenterology Video Fellows Rounds; ASGE Videos; Pathology Side Box..." THE ENDOSCOPY PICTURE ARCHIVES (REAL PLAYER) - GastroLab, The Wasa Workgroup on Intestinal Disorders, Finland Multimedia Gastronintestinal Endoscopy Atlas (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). The Endoscopy Picture Archives "...Choose a disease or lesion from this alphabetical index, click on any of the thumbnail pictures to get a magnification, then click on Your browsers "back" to get back. Here You will ultimately find every visible lesion in the gastrointestinal tract - and many images of each...." For more information see GastroLab Gastronintestinal Endoscopy Atlases with Text, Images & Videos/Movies GASTROINTESTINAL VIDEO ATLAS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - J. Murra-Saca, Chief, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Centro de Emergencias; Chief, Gastrointestinal Diseases and Endoscopy, Jerusalem Medical Center, San Salvador In English & Spanish/Español. Multimedia Gastronintestinal Endoscopy Atlas (Text, Images & Videos/Movies) Gastronintestinal Endoscopy Atlas "...includes over "2270" Videos..." For more information see El Salvador Gastrointestinal Video Atlas Home Page Gastronintestinal Endoscopy Atlases with Text & Images ATLAS OF GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY - D.M. Martin & R.C. Lyons, Atlanta South Gastroenterology, P.C., East Point, Georgia Multimedia Gastronintestinal Endoscopy Atlas (Text & Images). Atlas of Gastronintestinal Endoscopy "...includes over "1,000" Gastronintestinal Endoscopy Images..." Examples of "Gastronintestinal Endoscopy Atlas" Subject Categories include Esophagus Duodenum & Ampulla Colon & Ileum

GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY Gynecological Pathology Atlases Breast Pathology Atlases DIGITAL ATLAS OF BREAST PATHOLOGY - Meenakshi Singh, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook Multimedia Breast Pathology Atlas (Text & Images). Digital Atlas of Breast Pathology "...The purpose of this digital atlas of breast pathology is to provide a collage of microscopic images, complemented with some gross and radiological images, which may help the practitioners of breast pathology with the examination of breast specimens and to familiarize students with the entities that are encountered..." Examples of "Digital Atlas of Breast Pathology" Subject Categories include "...Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Precursor Lesions; Benign Epithelial Lesions; Myoepithelial Lesions; Mesenchymal Tumors; Fibroepithelial Tumors; Tumors of the Nipple; Malignant Lymphomas; Metastatic Tumors; Tumors of the Male Breast; Normal Breast; Mucocele Like Tumor; Receptors; Benign Lesions; etc..." For more information see the Meenakshi Singh's Home Page or the Department of Pathology Gynecologic Endoscopic Atlases GYNECOLOGIC ENDOSCOPIC ATLAS - International Society for Gynecologic Endoscopy Multimedia Gynecologic Endoscopic Atlas (Text & Images). Examples of "Gynecologic Endoscopic Atlas" Subject Categories include "...Fibroids; Endometriosis; Hysteroscopic Resection of Submucous Fibroid; Adhesions; Fimbrial Cyst; Normal View; Laparoscopic Linear Salphingostomy for Tubal Pregnancy..." For more information see International Society for Gynecologic Endoscopy Gynecological Pathology Lectures & Lessons GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY - J. Jackson & D. Innes, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia Multimedia Gynecological Pathology Lectures (Text & Images). Examples of "Gynecological Pathology" Subject Categories & Subcategories include Breast "...Gross Anatomy and Histology; Response to Hormones; Inflamatory Conditons; Malignant Neoplasms; etc..." Cervix "...Gross Anatomy and Histology; Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases; Benign Conditions; etc..." Fallopian Tubes "...Gross Anatomy and Histology; Inflammatory Diseases; Ectopic Pregnancy..." Ovary "...Gross Anatomy and Histology; Nonneoplastic Lesions; Neoplasms; etc..." Vagina "...Gross Anatomy and Histology; Infectious Diseases; Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions; Premalignant and Malignant Neoplasms; etc..." Uterine Corpus; Vulva; etc. For more information see Pathology Course; Department of Pathology; Course and Clerkship Websites; Second Year Course Materials; The Student Source; Office of Medical Education or the University of Virginia Health System Breast Pathology Lectures & Lessons HOW BREAST CANCER IS DIAGNOSED - A. Fischer, Department of Patholgy & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University and Hosted by the Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institutes of Health Multimedia Breast Cancer Lessons (Text and Images). How Breast Cancer is Diagnosed "...This covers about 75% of breast cancer and the best known precursors. The reader may consult one of several comprehensive texts to read about the appearance of other breast lesions (1,2,3). 40 images are provided. Words written in italics are defined in a glossary. At the end of this session the reader should be able to recognize a typical invasive breast cancer,..." For more information see Mini Reviews on Mammory Gland; Biology of Mammary Gland or the Department of Patholgy & Laboratory Medicine MAMMARY GENOME ANATOMY PROJECT (MGAP) - L. Hennighausen, Laboratory of Genetics & Physiology, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH Multimedia Mammary Genome Anatomy Database (Text and Images). Mammary Genome Anatomy Project (MGAP) "...was initiated with the goal to discover, isolate and understand the genes and signaling pathways which are operative during normal development and neoplastic transformation of the breast..." For more information see Biology of the Mammary Gland Database or the Laboratory of Genetics & Physiology NONNEOPLASTIC AND NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE MAMMARY GLAND - Authors: S. Rehm and A.G. Liebelt, Hosted by the Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institutes of Health Multimedia Mammary Gland Lessons (Text and Images). Examples of "Nonneoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions of the Mammary Gland" Subject Categories include "...Alveolar lesions; Ductal lesions; Myoepithelial lesions..." For more information see Mini Reviews on Mammory Gland or the Biology of Mammary Gland Placental Pathology, Fetal & Neonatal Pathology Atlases, Lectures & Lessons FETOPATHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL PATHOLOGY OF THE EMBRYHO AND FETUS: ATLAS OF FETAL AND NEONATAL PATHOLOGY - M. Jezova, S. Hotarkova, K. Muchkova, O. Soucek, P. Vlasin & J. Feit, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Multimedia Fetopathology and Developmental Pathology of the Embryo and Fetus: Atlas of Fetal and Neonatal Pathology (Text & Images). Available in English & Czech. Registration is Free or you may use a "Temporary One Time Password". Examples of "Fetopathology and Developmental Pathology of the Embryo and Fetus: Atlas of Fetal and Neonatal Pathology" Subject Categories & Subcategories include Congenital malformations "...Physiological developement of an embryo and fetus, growth and changes of the external shape; Congenital malformations and congenital anomalies..." Pathology of twinning "...Complications of monochorionic diamnionic placentation; Complications of monochorionic monoamnionic placentation; Congenital malformations in twins; etc..." Congenital malformations of individual organ systems "...Congenital malformations of the central nervous system; Congenital malformations of the respiratory system; Congenital tumors; Congenital heart defects; etc..." Placental inflammation "...Ascending infections; Hematogenous infections; etc..." Pathology of the placenta "...Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD); Placenta and major chromosomal abnormalities; etc..." Pathology of the umbilical cord "...Abnormal length; Insertion abnormalities; etc..." For more information see Atlases; Josef Feit's Home Page or the Faculty of Medicine PLACENTAL PATHOLOGY - E.C. Klatt, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA; Hosted by the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library Multimedia Placental Pathology Lessons (Text & Images). Examples of 'Placental Pathology" Subject Categories include "...Normal Plancenta; Twinning; Umbilical Cord Abnormalities; Abnormalities of Placentation; Vascular, Fetal, and Maternal Abnormalities; Infections; Molar Pregnancy..." For more information see General Pathology Images; WebPath: The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education or the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library

HEMATOPATHOLOGY - HAEMATOPATHOLOGY Hematopathology Cases - Haematopathology Cases HEMATOPATHOLOGY CASES - Society for Hematopathology & the European Association for Haematopathology Multimedia Hematopathology Cases (Text and Images). For more information see Society for Hematopathology & the European Association for Haematopathology Hematopathology Related Cases - Hematology Cases HEMATOLOGY TEACHING CASES - American Society of Hematology (ASH) Multimedia Hematology Cases (Text & Images). Hematology "...This site is designed as a resource for medical students and hematology instructors..." Hematology Cases "...The interactive cases are designed to simulate the steps involved in diagnosing a patient, from taking the history and performing a physical exam, to ordering and interpreting lab tests, to making a final diagnosis and following the clinical course of the disease..." For more information see Publications or the American Society of Hematology (ASH) Hematopathology Lectures & Lessons with Cases PATHOLOGY LAB: HEMATOLOGY LABORATORY VIDEO INSTRUCTION (QUICKTIME) - Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia Multimedia Pathology Laboratory Techniques Video Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Examples of "Hematology Laboratory Video Instruction" Videos include "...Standard Venipuncture Procedure Video; Butterfly Procedure Video; How to Prepare a Blood Smear Video; Measuring the Hematocrit Video; etc..." For more information see Pathology Tutorials; Pathology Course; Department of Pathology; Course and Clerkship Websites; Second Year Course Materials; The Student Source; Office of Medical Education or the University of Virginia Health System Hematology Atlases AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY IMAGE BANK - American Society of Hematology (ASH) Multimedia Hematology Atlas (Text & Images). American Society of Hematology "Hematology Atlas" "...The images are presented in a digital, case-based format that allows both the images and text to be searched, cross-referenced, and hyper-linked to other cases as well as other educational resources,..." Examples of "Hematology Atlas" Categories include "...Normal and Reactive Bone Marrow; Lymph Nodes and Spleen; Lymphoid Neoplasms; Acute Lymphoid Leukemia; Myeloid Neoplasms; Red Blood Cell (RBC) and RBC Diseases; Hemostasis, Thrombosis, Coagulation; Transfusion; White Blood Cells (WBC); etc..." For more information see the American Society of Hematology (ASH) HISTOPATHOLOGY Histopathology Atlases VIRTUAL SLIDEBOX OF HISTOPATHOLOGY - F.R. Dee, T. Leaven & D. Consoer, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa Multimedia Histopathology Atlas (Text & Images). Examples of "Histopathology Atlas" Subject Categories & Subcategories include General Disease Processes "...Adaptation & Accumulations; Hemodynamic Disorders; Immunologic Disorders; Growth Disturbances and Neoplasia; Infectious Diseases; Trauma, Environmental & Nutritional Disorders; etc..." Disease by Organ Systems "...Hematopoietic System; Lung and Respiratory Tract; Gastrointestinal Tract; Liver and Biliary System; Urinary Tract; etc..." For more information see Virtual Slidebox or the Department of Pathology Histology Atlses, Courses & Databases FOR HISTOLOGY ATLASES, CASES, COURSES & DATABASES SEE THE ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY CENTER: MEDICAL HISTOLOGY Histological Procedure & Technical Methods FOR HISTOLOGY PROTOCOLS, METHODS & TECHNIQUES SEE THE LABORATORY TESTS, DIAGNOSTICS & PROTOCOLS CENTER: HISTOLOGY PROTOCOLS, METHODS & TECHNIQUES

IMMUNOPATHOLOGY Immunopathology Lectures & Lessons IMMUNOPATHOLOGY - E.C. Klatt, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA; Hosted by the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library Multimedia Immunopathology Lessons (Text & Images). Examples from over "45" "Immunopathology" Lessons include "...Antinuclear antibody tests; Lupus nephritis; Sclerodactyly; Acute vascular rejection following heart transplantation..." For more information see General Pathology; WebPath: The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education or the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY Related Biochemistry Centers FOR INTERACTIVE ATLASES & DATABASES SEE CHEMICAL & BIOCHEMICAL DATABASES: MOLECULAR MODELING & STRUCTURES Biochemistry & Medical Biochemistry Courses with Text, Images, Animations, Interactive Molecular Modeling & Simulations Biochemistry BIOCHEMISTRY - H. Jakubowski, Department of Chemistry, College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University Multimedia Biochemistry Course (Text & Images). Examples of "Biochemistry" Course Chapters & Subchapters include Lipid Structure "...Lipid Structure; Lipids in Water: Structure; Dynamics of Membrane Lipids; etc..." Protein Structure "...Composition, Sequence and Conformational Analyis of Proteins; Understanding Protein Conformation; Proteins Folding - In Vivo and In Vitro; Laboratory Determination of DGo for Protein Folding/Unfolding; Thermodynamics and IMF's in Protein Stability; etc..." Carbohydrates Monosaccharides and Disssacharides; Complex Oligosaccharides; Glycoproteins: Biosynthesis and Function; etc..." DNA, Genomics, and Protemoics "...The Structure of DNA; The Central Dogma of Biology; The Language of DNA; etc..." Binding "...Reversible Binding I: Equations and Curves; Reversible Binding II: Experimental Binding Curves, Kd, and Error Analysis; etc..." Transport and Kinetics; Catalysis; Oxidation & Phosphorylation; Signal Transduction, etc. For more information see Course Web Pages; Henry Jakubowski's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY - R.A. Paselk, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt State University Multimedia Biochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "24" "Biochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Amino Acids, Properties and Side Chains; Protein Structure; Protein Folding; Enzyme Kinetics; Introduction to Metabolism; Glycolysis; Mitochondrial Electron Transport System; Nucleotide Metabolism - Purine Biosynthesis; Photosynthesis; etc..." For more information see Introductory Biochemistry Home Page; Course Archive; Richard A. Paselk's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry BIOCHEMISTRY - R.A. Paselk, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt State University Multimedia Biochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "24" "Biochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Malate-Aspartate Shuttle; Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis; The Calvin Cycle - RuBisCo; Fatty Acid Biosynthesis; Chlesterol Biosynthesis; Nitrogen Metabolism; Protein Degredation; Nucleotide Metabolism - Purine Biosynthesis; Pyrimidine Biosynthesis; Nucleotide Degredation; Metabolic Integration; NA, RNA & Nucleic Acid Structure; DNA Structure and Folding; Eukaryotic DNA Replication - Polymerases; etc..." For more information see Biochemistry Home Page; Richard A. Paselk's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY - J.K. Hardy, Department of Chemistry, Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences, University of Akron Multimedia Biochemistry Course (Text, Images, Animations, 3D Molecular Modeling & Simulations). Examples of "Biochemistry" Course Chapters include "...Amino Acids & Proteins; Protein Architecture; Enzymes; Carbohydrates; Lipids; DNA and RNA; Replication & Transcription; Translation of RNA; Recombinant DNA; Metabolism & Bioenergetics; Carbohydrate Metabolism; etc..." For more information see The Virtual Classroom; HordeNet; James K. Hardy's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry Medical Biochemistry MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY - M.W. King, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IU School of Medicine, Terre Haute, and the Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University Multimedia Medical Biochemistry Course (Text, Images, Animations, 3D Molecular Modeling & Simulations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in English & Spanish/Español. Examples from over "60" "Medical Biochemistry" Course Chapters include "...Hemoglobin and Myoglobin; Fructose Metabolism; Gluconeogenesis; The TCA Cycle and PDH; Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Bioactive Lipids & Lipid Receptors; Omega-3 & -6 Fatty Acid Functions; The Endocannabinoids; The Metabolic Syndrome: MetS; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Nuclear Receptors in Metabolism; Bile Acid Synthesis & Functions; DNA Metabolism; Protein Modifications and Targeting; Biochemistry of Nerve Transmission; Blood Coagulation; etc..." For more information see Michael W. King's Home Page; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology or the IU School of Medicine Biochemistry: Computational Molecular Biology BIOCHEMISTRY: COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - D.L. Brutlag (Emeritus), Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University Multimedia Biochemistry: Computational Molecular Biology Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "18" "Biochemistry: Computational Molecular Biology" Video Lectures include "...Protein Sequence and Motif Databases Video Lecture; Sequence Alignment Video Lecture; Distance based Phylogenies Video Lecture; Building Protein Motifs and Models Video Lecture; Discovering Gene Regulatory Signals Video Lecture; Gene Regulatory Networks Video Lecture; MicroRNA Regulatory Networks Video Lecture; etc..." For more information see Bioinformatics Resource Classes & Videos; Douglas (Doug) L. Brutlag's Home Page; Department of Biochemistry; Departments or the Stanford University School of Medicine Acid Base Balance, pH Textbooks, Guides, Publications, Technical Reports, Diagrams, etc. with Text & Images ACID-BASE BALANCE - A.W. Grogono (Retired), Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University Multimedia Acid-Base Lessons, Guides, Publications, Technical Reports, Diagrams, Calculators, etc. (Text & Images). Acid-Base Balance "...An interactive acid-base diagram is a major feature of this website. It allows numerical values to be visualized on an interactive diagram and simultaneously provides continuous text interpretation. The diagram operates in several modes allowing recognition of classical zones as well as self testing..." Examples of "Acid-Base" Subject Catetories include "...Acid-Base History; Acid-Base Physiology; Acid Production; Henderson Equation; Acid-Base Diagram; Clinical Considerations; Acid-Base Therapy: Respiratory Correction; Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis; Acid-Base Interpretation; Stewart's Strong Ion Difference; etc..." For more information see Alan W. Grogono's Home Page Metabolic Pathways Lessons MAJOR METABOLIC PATHWAYS - J.K. Hardy, Department of Chemistry, Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences, University of Akron Multimedia Metabolic Pathways Lessons (Text & Images). For more information see The Virtual Classroom; HordeNet; James K. Hardy's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry

MEDICAL MYCOLOGY - CLINICAL MYCOLOGY Medical Mycology Atlases & Databases FUNGI SPECIES INDEX - G.L. Barron, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph Multimedia Fungi Database (Text & Images). For more information see George Barron's Website on Fungi or the School of Environmental Sciences Medical Mycology Atlases, Lectures, Lessons & Cases Combined MEDICAL MYCOLOGY - Richard Hunt, et.al., Microbiology and Immunology On-Line, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program; School of Medicine, University of South Carolina Multimedia Medical Mycology Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Albanian & Farsi. Medical Mycology "...You have the Option of using either the Video Course, or the Course in HTML, PPT or PDF format..." Examples of "Medical Mycology" Course Chapters include: "...Classification of Fungi; Morphology; Diagnosis; Treatment; Clinical Classification of Mycoses; Actinomycosis, Nocardiosis & Streptomycetes; Candidiasis & Cryptococcosis; etc..." For more information see Microbiology and Immunology On-Line or the School of Medicine MEDICAL MYCOLOGY - a joint project of the Mycology Unit at the Adelaide Women's & Children's Hospital and School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia Multimedia Medical Mycology Atlas, Lecture Notes, Medical Mycology Lessons & Medical Mycology Cases (Text & Images). For more information see the Mycology Unit; Adelaide Women's & Children's Hospital or the School of Molecular & Biomedical Science Examples of "Medical Mycology" Databases, Lessons, etc. include Photo Gallery Mycoses: Clinical Groupings for Fungal Infections Clinical Groupings for Fungal Infections includes: Skin Mycology "...Superficial Mycoses; Cutaneous Mycoses; Subcutaneous Mycoses..." Infectious Disease Mycology "...Dimorphic Systemic Mycoses; Opportunistic Systemic Mycoses..." Identification of Medically Important Fungi Identification of Medically Important Fungi Subject Categories includes: "...Dermatophytes; Yeasts; Dimorphic Pathogens; Hyphomycetes (hyaline moulds); Hyphomycetes (dematiaceous moulds); Coelomycetes; Zygomycetes; Oomycota..." MEDICAL MYCOLOGY: DOCTOR FUNGUS - DoctorFungus Corporation Multimedia Medical Mycology Atlas, Medical Mycology Lectures, Medical Mycology Lessons, Medical Mycology Cases (Text & images). Doctor Fungus "...The information provided in this web site is primarily intended for physicians..." Examples of "Medical Mycology" Subject Categories include: Mycoses "...Human, Veterinary, Environmental, Industrial, Agricultural, etc..." Drugs "...Medical, Veterinary, Environmental, Industrial, Agricultural..." Laboratory "...Susceptibility,Procedures, Histopathology, etc..." etc.

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