MARTINDALE’S CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER CHEMISTRY CENTER CHEMISTRY: E-L (Calculators, Applets, Spreadsheets, |
CHEMISTRY: E-L
Electrochemistry ~ Emission, Absorption & Color Mixing
Enthalpy, Gibbs Energy ~ Extremely Hazardous Substance, Contamination & Chemical Accidents
Ferrous & Non-Ferrous Materials ~ Food Chemistry, Soft Chemistry, Soft Condensed Matter & The Chemistry of Cooking
Gas Laws
Gas Mixtuers, Gas Dynamics, Natural Gas, etc. ~
Helium ~
Inorganic Chemistry ~ Chemistry Graphing & Plotter Calculators
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ELECTROCHEMISTRY COURSES, LECTURES, TECHNICAL REPORTS, ETC.
Tafer/Butler-Volmer Kinetics; Fuel Cells; Diffusion Controlled Current/Potential; Potential Jump Experiments; Chronocoulometry; Cyclic Voltammetry; Marcus Theory & Surface Modified Electrodes; Semiconductor Electrochemistry; Microelectrodes and UME’s; Marcus Theory Heterogeneous ET; etc…” For more information see
Electrochemistry 2: Galvanic Cells and Electrodes; Electrochemistry 3: Cell potentials and Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry 4: The Nernst Equation; Electrochemistry 5: Applications of the Nernst Equation; Electrochemistry 6: Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion; Electrochemistry 7: Electrochemical Corrosion; Electrochemistry 8: Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis; etc…” For more information see
Rapid Electrochemical Assessment of Paint (REAP); Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Theory: A Primer; Potentiostat Primer; Getting Started with Electrochemical Corrosion Measurement; etc…” For more information see CAPILARY ELECTROPHORESIS COURSES, LECTURES, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, ETC.
under the influence of an applied voltage across a field that the ions exist…” “…The term, “High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis”, HPCE is
Micellar Electro-Kinetic Chromatography; Capillary Gel Electrophoresis; Capillary Isotachophoresis; etc…” Examples of “Capillary Electrophoresis Primer” Modules include
Improving Efficiency for your HPCE Methods; Achieving Precision in your HPCE Methods; Analytical Validation Glossary; etc…” For more information see ELECTROPHORESIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
size when direct current is applied to the ends of an electrophoresis gel…” For more information see
ELECTROPHORESIS SIMULATION OF DNA – CALCULATORS & APPLETS
ELECTROPHORESIS SIMULATION OF PROTEINS
the applet will plot the result and determine the experimental molecular weight of the unknowns…” For more information see FRAGMENT SIZE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
relationship between molecular weight and migration…” For more information see GEL ELECTROPHORESIS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
30% Polyacrylamide; 10% Ammonium persulfate; 10% SD; etc…” For more information see |
EMISSION, ABSORPTION & COLOR MIXING RELATED CENTERS FOR MORE EMISSION, ABSORPTION & COLOR MIXING CALCULATORS & APPLETS SEE THE EMISSION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
COLOR CALCULATORS & APPLETS
concept can be made accessible in an introductory course by putting it in the proper context. Here, the particle- in-a-box model of quantum mechanics is placed in a context of light absorption by materials…” For more information see ENTHALPY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS REACTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
compare with experimental values…” For more information see the GIBBS FREE ENERGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
of a reaction (delta H) or the Gibbs free energy of a reaction (delta G)…” Enthalpy Calculator and Gibbs Free Energy Calculator INPUT Values include:
Product A, B & C (O, O3, H, OH, HO2, H2O, N, N2, NO, etc.);…” Gibbs Free Energy
Product A, B & C (O, O3, H, OH, HO2, H2O, N, N2, NO, etc.);…” For more information see the
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA LESSONS, CONCEPT TESTS, CALCULATORS, ETC.
Progress of Reaction; Equilibrium Calculations; Common Ion Effect…” For more information see CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA CALCULATORS & APPLETS
Equilibrium Constant Calculator; Reaction Calculator; Le Chatelier’s Principle Calculator: Adding and Removing Reactants and/or Products etc…” Le Chatelier’s Principle Calculator: Temperature Changes; etc…” For more information see
necessary constraints on two intrinsic variables. Depending on the constraint chosen, the calculation invokes STANJAN to minimize the derived property—Gibbs energy, Helmholz energy, internal energy, enthalpy—or maximize entropy for the user-supplied gas mixture…” For more information see CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM WITH APPLICATIONS CALCULATORS & APPLETS
from any set of reactants and determines thermodynamic and transport properties for the product mixture. Built-in applications include calculation of theoretical rocket performance, Chapman-Jouguet detonation parameters, shock tube parameters, and combustion properties…” “…Associated with the program are independent databases with transport and thermodynamic properties of individual species. Over 2000 species are contained in the thermodynamic database…” Thermo Build
state thermodynamic properties of individual species…” CAP (Coefficients And Properties)
from thermodynamic data in the NASA format…” PAC (Properties And Coefficients)
required by CEA, from gas-phase spectroscopic constants or tabulated literature data…” For more information see EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS FROM MOLECULAR STRUCTURE: CALCULATORS & APPLETS
for a simple bimolecular chemical reaction involving diatomic molecules and atoms…” Equilibrium Constants from Molecular Structure Calculator INPUT Values include:
A, + B, > C & + D…” Be Calculator INPUT Values include
For more information see |
EVAPORATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
of hazardous chemical vapors. It is part of the CAMEO software suite, a system of software applications used widely to plan for and respond to chemical emergencies…” For more information see the
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE & TOXIC MATERIAL RELATED CENTERS FOR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE & TOXIC MATERIAL DATABASES SEE THE CONTAMINATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
and regulators in evaluating soil analytical results with respect to ADEC’s 18 AAC 75 regulations…” For more information see DOSE COMPLIANCE CONCENTRATIONS CALCULATORS & APPLETS
for a given radionuclide represent the dose equivalent per unit intake (i.e., ingestion or inhalation) or external exposure of that radionuclide. These DCFs are used to convert a radionuclide concentration in soil, air, water, or foodstuffs to a radiation dose…” Dose Compliance Concentrations for Radionuclides Calculator INPUT Values include:
Tapwater; Ingestion of Fish…” Units; ICRP Rule Option (30 or 60); Target Dose Limit; Radionuclides…” For more information see EVAPORATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
of hazardous chemical vapors. It is part of the CAMEO software suite, a system of software applications used widely to plan for and respond to chemical emergencies…” For more information see the |
FERROUS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
MATERIAL HARDNESS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BRINELL, KNOOP, MOHS, ROCKWELL, SHORE SCLEROSCOPE, TENSILE STRENGTH & VICKERS
Hardness Scale (15T; 30T; 15N; 30N)…” For more information see
Various Brinell Hardness Calculator; Knoop Hardness Calculator; Mohs Hardness Calculator; Rockwell Hardness Calculators; etc…” For more information see
cone (N scale) or hardened steel ball indenter. The indenter is forced into the test material under a preliminary minor load…”
diameter hardened steel or carbide ball subjected to a load of 3000 kg. For softer materials the load can be reduced to…”
not exceeding 1 kgf. The indenter is either the Vickers diamond pyramid or the Knoop elongated diamond pyramid. The procedure for testing is very similar to that of the standard Vickers hardness test, except…” METAL WEIGHT CALCULATORS & APPLETS
include Inches, centimeters and millimeters. Reports include a list of materials, their density and the calculated weight as well as mass properties….” Mass3J Calculators include:
Cylinders Properties Calculator; Rectangulars Calculator; Right Triangular Prism Calculator; Polygonal Prisms Calculator; Cone Layout Calculator; Oval Layout Calculator; Punching Force Calculator; etc…” For more information see
FILTRATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
FOR MORE RELATED CALCULATORS SEE
filtration and separation technology…” For more information see
Feed Solids Concentration; Feed Liquid Vapour Pressure; Scale of Operation; etc…” Process
Chemicals be Added to Enhance the Separation; etc…”
Constant Rate Filtration Calculator Data Analysis Calculators
Slurry Concentration; Liquid Density; etc…”
Continuous Thickening Calculator
flowscheme related to the chemical process industries, ore beneficiation, pharmaceutics, food or water and waste treatment…”
Tilting Pan & Table Filterss…”
Automatic Filters; etc…”
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FLOW CYTOMETRY COURSES, LECTURES, CALCULATORS, APPLETS, SIMULATIONS, ETC. Flow Cytometry Courses, Lectures, etc.
Forward Scatter Video; Forward Scatter Detector Video; Scatter Plot Video; 2D Scatter Plot of Blood Video; Fluorescence Detection Video; Emission Filter Typers Video; etc…” For more information see
Gating; Compensation; Fluorescenece Tandem; Three Color Experiment; etc…”
Fluorescence Quantitation Video; Flow Cytometry Theory Video; Light and Matter Video; Light and Fluorescence Video; Optical Systems Video; Detectors Video; Flow Systems and Hydrodynamics Video; etc…” For more information see the FLUID MIXING COURSES, LECTURES, LESSONS, ANIMATIONS, SIMULATIONS, ETC. THE COLORFUL FLUID MIXING GALLERY (QUICKTIME) – A. Bakker Multimedia Computational Fluid Mixing Lessons (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY..EXTENSIVE. The Colorful Fluid Mixing Gallery
colorful fluid mixing pictures, photos, videos, and an online book on mixing. This material has been created over the years, mostly through computer modeling, but also from experimental data. The main focus is mixing in industrial equipment, as used in the chemical and process industries…” Examples of “Computational Fluid Mixing” Lessons include
Fermenter; Helical Ribbon Impeller; Paper Pulp Mixing; HEV Static Mixer; Kenics Static Mixer; Asymmetric Blade Impeller; etc…”
Introduction to Numerical Methods; Stirred Tank Modeling Using Actual Impeller Geometry; Evaluating Mixing from Flow Field Results; etc…” For more information see
process applications. Although laminar mixing is a complicated process per se, there is a far greater challenge in predicting the mixing in turbulent flows because of the intrinsic, chaotic nature of turbulent flows. In turbulent flows, large-scale eddies with coherent structures are mainly responsible for the mixing of passive scalars…” For more information see
FOOD CHEMISTRY, SOFT CHEMISTRY, SOFT CONDENSED MATTER & THE CHEMISTRY OF COOKING RELATED CENTERS FOR MORE FOOD CHEMISTRY COURSES, DATABASES, ETC. SEE THE AN EXAMPLE OF THE CHEMISTRY OF COOKING COURSES, LECTURES, ETC.
both everyday cooking and haute cuisine. Each lecture features a world-class chef who visited and presented their remarkable culinary designs…” “…The lectures then use these culinary creations as inspiration to delve into understanding how and why cooking techniques and recipes work, focusing on the physical transformations of foods and material properties…” For more information see SOME EXAMPLES OF FOOD CHEMISTRY COURSES, LECTURES, ETC.
Water; Proteins; Dispersed Systems; Carbohydrates; Lipids; etc…” For more information see
The main adjustable parameters in the equation are the surface potential (related to the charge density on the surface of the droplet – increase by either adsorbing more protein or increasing the charge on the each protein,…” FOOD CHEMISTRY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SPREADSHEETS (XLS)
count from a past time series of fluctuating counts assuming the data in that series have a normal or lognormal distribution…” For more information see
Real-time generation of bacterial spores’ survival curves during sterilization; Real-time generation of microbial survival curves during disinfection with a volatile chemical agent; Generation of non-isothermal microbial growth curves having a long lag period (model A); Generation of non-isothermal microbial growth curves having a short lag period (model B)….” For more information see FUME HOOD CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
costs for user-specified climates and assumptions about operation and equipment efficiencies…” For more information see
IDEAL GAS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
For more information see
Charles’s Law Calculator; Avogadro’s Law Calculator; Ideal Gas Law and the Gas Constant Calculator; Dalton’s Law Calculator…” For more information see
For more information see |
Gas Mixtures, Gas Dynamics, etc.
Gas Conversion, Gas Physical Data, Material Compatability, etc.
Gas Mixtures ~
Natural Gas Ignition ~
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Carbon Dioxide; Hydrogen; Methane; Acetylene; Propane…” and ONE of the Following:
Ethylamine, Helium, Methane, N-butane, Nitrous oxide, Oxygen, R 13, etc…” Examples of “Physical Data” Output Data includes
Density 15 degrees C 1 atm kg/m Gaseous state
Thermal conducitivity; etc…” Boiling point;
Aluminium, Brass, Neoprene, Polyethene and others…”
which gases can be used for the respective instruments…”
fuels and oxidizers…” For more information see
Xenon, Sulfur Hexafluoride…” Mach Number; Pa; Initital Pressure; Driven Section; K;
Xenon, Sulfur Hexafluoride…” K; Initial Temperature; Driver Section. Gas Dynamics Calculator OUTPUT Values include:
MW; Specific Heat Ratio; Initial Wave Speed; Reflected Wave Speed; etc…” Gas Dynamics TIMING ISSUES Calculator INPUT Values include:
Time Between Pressure Transducers; Distance Between Trigger Transducer and Window Centerline; etc…” Gas Dynamics TIMING ISSUES Calculator OUTPUT Values include:
Estimated Delay Time for Membrane; etc…” Gas Dynamics BOOST TANK Calculator INPUT Values include:
Diaphragm Rupture Pressure; etc…” Gas Dynamics BOOST TANK Calculator OUTPUT Values include:
For more information see the
shock wave parameters and microscopic and macroscopic parameters…” Gas Dynamics Calculator includes Normal Shock Calculator & Flow Regime Calculator:
Normal Shock Gas Dynamics Calculator output values includes:
For more information see
chemical kinetic properties associated with gas mixtures…” Gas Mixture Calculators include
Chemical Equilibrium Calculator; Dimensionless Groups Calculator; Homogeneous Chemical Kinetics Calculator…” For more information see
Transport Property Evaluation Transport Property Evaluation Calculator
Binary and mixture properties are computed for binary mixtures…”
subject to necessary constraints on two intrinsic variables. Depending on the constraint chosen, the calculation invokes STANJAN to minimize the derived property – Gibbs energy, Helmholz energy, internal energy, enthalpy – or maximize entropy for the user-supplied gas mixture…”
222Rn; Oxygen; Nitrogen; N2O; NO; CO; CO2; SO2; Chlorine; Cl2O; ClO2; Ethane; Propane; Butane; H2Se; H2S; CH4; etc…” For more information see
Oxygen Saturation Calculator Oxygen Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include:
Altitude; Saturation Percentage…” |
column of CO2, CO or H2O using the wide-band exponential model…” For more information see
capable of the best representation of natural gas flames and ignition…” “…The reactions can be searched by REACTION NUMBERS, SPECIES NAMES, or KEYS…” For more information see the
two input streams; for example, you may enter the principal composition of the mixture as one of the streams and use the other to introduce additives…” For more information see the
kinetics results for thermal gas-phase chemical reactions. The database is designed to be searched for kinetics data based on the specific reactants involved, for reactions resulting in specified products, for all the reactions of a particular species, or for various combinations of these…” Chemical Kinetics Database
separate reaction records for over 11,700 distinct reactant pairs…” For more information see
selected set of 631 gas-phase molecules. Tools for comparing experimental and computational ideal-gas thermochemical properties…” Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Calculated Data includes:
Rotation and Moments of Inertia; Bond orders from AIM analysis; Point Group for a given molecule at different levels of theory; etc…” Vibrations Calculated Data
Vibrational frequencies, intensities and reduced masses; Compare reduced masses for a given vibrational mode; Bad Vibrational Frequency calculations; etc…” Entropies Calculated Data
Energetics Calculated Data
Barriers to Internal Rotation; Nuclear repulsion Energies; etc…” Electrostatics Calculated Data
Electric dipole moments; Polarizabilities; etc…” Compare Calculations
Compare calculated vibrational intensities vibrations; Compare energy difference of a single point calculation; Calculated properties for several species; etc…” For more information see the |
GEOCHEMISTRY RELATED CENTERS FOR MORE GEOCHEMISTRY COURSES, LECTURES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE FOR MARINE GEOCHEMISTRY & OCEANOGRAPHY COURSES, LECTURES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE GEOCHEMISTRY COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Undergraduate Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, etc.
as Geo-Thermometer/Barometer; Weathering and Soil Formation; hydrologic cycle; Marine Chemistry and Chemical Cycles; Marine Sediments; Crust and Mantle evolution; etc…” For more information see
Mineral Equilibrium; Acid-base Geochemistry; Carbonate Chemistry; Redox Geochemistry; Geomicrobiology; Chemistry of Natural Waters; Groundwater Geochemistry; Igneous Petrochemistry; Ore Geochemistry; Sorption; etc…” For more information see
X-ray Diffraction Data Processing; Hydrous Layered Silicates; Ionic Radii and Structural Formula Calculations; Associated Mineral Phases and their XRD Identification; XRD Identification of Discrete Clay Minerals (Illite, Chlorite, Kaolinite, Smectite, Vermiculite) Mixed-layer Clays and their XRD Identification; Quantitative XRD Analysis of Mineral Mixtures; Reicprocal Lattice, Electron Diffraction; Electron Optics; The Geochemistry of Clays; Equilibrium Adsorption and Ion Exchange; Weathering Reactions and Stability Diagrams; etc…” For more information see Isotope Geochemistry
Earth Formation and Evolution; Stable Isotopes; Ocean Applications; etc. For more information see Graduate Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, etc.
Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc…”
Isotope Cosmochemistry; Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Mantle; Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Crust; Stable Isotopes II High Temperature Applications; Stable Isotope Geochemistry III Low Temperature Applications; Unconventional Stable Isotope Approaches and Systems; etc…” For more information see GEOCHEMISTRY DATABASES & GEOCHEMICAL MODELLING
Rocks and Minerals Database
Other Reservoir Databases include:
Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles; Interplanetary Dust Particles; etc…” For more information see
isotopic data as well as extensive “metadata” for rocks, minerals and melt/fluid inclusions…” For more information see the
Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc…” GEOCHEMISTRY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS Cosmogenic Isotopes Calculators
Beryllium-10/Aluminium-26 Surface Erosion Rate Calculator:
Geometric Shielding Calculator:
For more information see the Radioactivity of Minerals Calculators FOR MORE RADIATION, RADIOACTIVITY CALCULATORS, DATABASES, ETC. SEE
Calculated Activity: Becquerel/kilogram; Calculated Activity: Curie/gram; Estimate Activity: GR(api); Estimate Activity: mRem/hr per gram…” For more information see Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems FOR MORE URANIUM CALCULATORS, DATABASES, ETC. SEE
two parallel Uranium Series decay chains 238U->230Th->226Ra and 235U->231Pa in a one dimensional upwelling and melting column…” The purpose of the site is to provide a tool that can spur additional collaborations between geophysicists and geochemists as well as drive more rapid exploration/evolution of U-series models…” Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems includes
Contour Plots Calculator; Spreadsheet Calculator…” For more information see GLASSBLOWING COURSES, LECTURES, VIDEOS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, ETC.
professional glassblower. It is designed to give you experience in performing a series of basic glassblowing seals that can be used in the fabrication and repair of simple to complex glass apparatus and glass systems…” Examples of “Glassblowing” Course Subject Categories include
Glassblowers Bench; Oxygen and Fuel Gas Systems; Burners and Torches; Cutting Glass; Fire Polishing Annealing; Butt Seals; Bends; Repairs; Ring Seals; Vacuum Seals; etc…” For more information see
Cylindrical Volumes; Glass to Metal; Glass Frit; Physical Properties; Quartz to Tungsten; etc…” For more information see
glassware and equipment that you might encounter in a synthetic Inorganic (or Organic) laboratory…” Examples of “Glassware” Lessons include
Bubblers; Cannulas; Fritted Funnels; Schlenk Flasks; Furnaces (tube and box); Gas Regulators; Glove Boxes; Heating Sources; Joints; Mortars and Pestles; etc…” For more information see
“…Short docu [documentary] with matching music and no talking about Dutch glass production in the 50’s…”
Photographic Glossary of the Glassblower
Blowpipe; Diamond Marver; Diamond Shears; Dichroic; Ferritti; Frax; etc…” Glassblowing Tools; etc. For more information see
GRAPHING/PLOTTING CALCULATORS & APPLETS RELATED CENTERS FOR GRAPHING CALCULATORS & APPLETS SEE |
Water Chemistry – H2 O
Water Chemistry Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, etc. USGS Water Applications Software
Boiling Point ~
Liquid Tank Heating ~
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Water Chemistry Courses, Textbooks, Calculators, Spreadsheets (xls), etc.
FOR MORE WATER CHEMISTRY INCLUDING RAINFALL, DRAINAGE, EROSION, ET, GROUND WATER, FOR MORE WATER CHEMISTRY CALCULATORS, DATABASES, COURSES, ETC. RELATED TO ENGINEERING INCLUDING WATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
its behavior and function are so poorly understood (or even ignored), not only by people in general, but also by scientists working with it everyday. The small size of its molecule belies the complexity of its actions and its singular capabilities. Liquid water’s unique properties and chameleonic nature seem to fit ideally into the requirements for life as can no other molecule…” Examples of “Water Structure and Science” Course Chapters & Subchapters include
Hydrogen bonding in water; The Phase Diagram of water; Water at interfaces; Properties of water and heavy water; etc…” Water Clustering in Liquid Water
Evidence for icosahedral water clusters; etc…” Hydration
Nucleic acid hydration; Sugar hydration; Polysaccharide hydration; Ion hydration; Kosmotropes and chaotropes; etc…” For more information see
is one way to tell important differences in the water chemistry from one site to the next…” How to Collect & See the Microbial Community That Fixes Iron & Maganese in the Natural Environment Subject Categories include
How To Collect Slimy Flocculates; How To Collect Oil-Like Films; How To Collect Bacteria that will Attach to Slides; Viewing Tehniques through a Microscope; Tools Needed; etc…” For more information see
Water Quality and Chemistry Software; Ground Water Software; Statistics & Graphics Software; Surface Water Software…” For more information see the
titration curve and calculate the alkalinity or acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of your sample using one or more of several different methods, including: Inflection point method; Fixed endpoint method; Theoretical carbonate titration curve method 1 & 2; Gran function plot method; Calculation of alkalinity, hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate…” For more information see
For more information see
equation of state. The Dekker method is employed to solve numerically for volume as a function of pressure and temperature…” For more information see
222Rn; Oxygen; Nitrogen; N2O; NO; CO; CO2; SO2; Chlorine; Cl2O; ClO2; Ethane; Propane; Butane; H2Se; H2S; CH4; etc…” For more information see
Oxygen Saturation Calculator Oxygen Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include:
Altitude; Saturation Percentage…”
Liquid Tank Heating Calculator INPUT Values include:
Type of Liquid
Nitric Acid; Oil – Cottonseed, Machine, Olive; Petroleum; Potassium; etc…” Start-up Temperature; For more information see
Fluorine; Carbon monoxide; Carbon dioxide; Dinitrogen Monoxide; Deuterium oxide; Methanol; Methane; Ethane; Ethene; Propane; Propene; Propyne; Cyclopropane; Butane; etc…” Units
Viscosity; Surface Tension…” Type of Data
Saturation Properties…” Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems Calculator OUTPUT values include:
Auxiliary Data
Critical Pressure; Critical Density; Acentric Factor; Normal Boiling Point; Dipole Moment…” etc. For more information see
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(2) Marczak Equation for Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature only Calculator; (3) Lubbers and Graaff’s Simplified Equations for Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature only Calculator; (4) Belogol’skii, Sekoyan et al Equations for Speed of Sound as a Function of Temperature and Pressure Calculator For more information see
International Equation of State (IES 80) as described in Fofonoff (1985)….” For more information see
Oceanic Calculator OUTPUT values include:
Physicsl Properties
Specific Alkalinity; etc…” Temperature & Salinity
Dissolved Methane; etc…” Physical Properties
Temperature, Salinity & Pressure
Physical Properties
Specific Heat; etc…” For more information see
Oceanic Calculator II OUTPUT values include amounts in Sea Water for the following:
Magnesium; Calcium; Strontium; Barium; Zirconium; Titanium; Vanadium; Molybendum; Chromium; etc…” For more information see
Oceanic Calculator OUTPUT values include:
For more information see
and Non-Glacial climates. Surface and Deep water D.O and temperature as well as pycnocline thickness variable…” Oceanic Vertical Redox Calculator INPUT Values include:
Mixed Layer (Surface) and for the Deep Layer; Depth; Climate: Glacial; Pre-Post Glacial or Non Glacial; etc…” For more information see
Sound speed from Temperature, Salinity and Pressure Calculator; Potential Temperature from In-situ Temperature and Pressure Calculator; Freezing Point of Seawater Calculator; Salinity from Conductivity Ratio Calculator; Salinity from Conductivity, Temperature and Pressure Calculator; Coriolis Frequency Calculator; Distance between Two Positions Calculator; Potential Temperature, Potential Density and Brunt-Väisälä Frequency Calculator with Graphs; Geostrophic Current and Volume Transport Calculator with Graphs; Ocean Currents Calculator with Graphs; Wind and Calculating Wind Stress Data Calculator with Graphs; Co-oscillation Tides and Seiches in Narrow Gulfs and Basins Calculator with Graphs; Designing a Station Plan for an Oceanographic Research Voyage Calculator with Graphs; For more information see
between two hydrographic (CTD) stations, relative to the deepest observation…”
imported ocean current data in a variety of graphic representations…”
of sound from a source to a receiver. It depends on the seawater properties, such as temperature, salinity and acidity as well as the frequency of the sound. The details of the underlying physics of absorption are quite complex. Note that the absorption causes only part of the transmission loss. Usually, the major contribution to transmission loss is the spreading of the acoustic wave as it propagates away from the source…” Absorption of Sound in Seawater Calculator INPUT Values include:
For more information see
2 Interactive Versions for Pressure or Depth…” For more information see
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HELIUM 3 CALCULATORS & APPLETS
zero magnetic field calculated from D.S. Greywall…” Helium 3 Calculator INPUT Values include:
For more information see HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY COURSES, LECTURES, ETC.
Pyrroles, Furans & Thiophenes; Indoles; Pyridines; Pyryliums & Pyrones; Benzodiazepines; Heterocyclic Potpourri; etc…” For more information see HYDROCARBON CHEMISTRY COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC.
Petroleum Refining and Upgrading; Hydrocarbon Synthesis; etc…” Hydrocarbon from Petroleum and Natural Gas
Reforming; Dehydrogenation with Olefin Production; Aromatics Production; etc…” Isomerization
Pericyclic Rearrangements; etc…” Alkylation
Alkylation of Alkenes with Alkynes; Alkylation of Aromatics; Base-Catalyzed Alkylation; Addition
HX addition; etc…” Oxidation – Oxygenation; For more information see EXAMPLES OF RELATED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY SECTIONS & CENTERS
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COURSES, TEXTBOOKS & LECTURES
Main Group Elements; d-block Transition Metal Elements; Symmetry & Group Theory; f-block Transition Metal Elements; Coordination Chemistry; Crystal Field Theory; Crystal Structure; Descriptive Chemistry; Ligand Field Theory; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions; etc…” For more information see INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS & EXPERIMENTS
salt reaction. Nearly 300 videos for students to watch and learn from. Fully interactive Flash environment, etc…” Interactive Organic Mechanisms Video Demonstrations
curly arrows as a form of mechanism representation, and give practice in the form of simple example mechanisms…” Metal Ions in Solution Video Demonstrations
of the aqueous chemistry of common metal ions belonging…” Named Organic Mechanism Video Demonstrations
website which allows students to do some named organic reactions step by step, etc…” Nickel(II) Complexes Video Demonstrations; For more information see the
Single-Necked Flask with an Addition Funnel and Drying Tube Video; Three-Necked Flask with an Addition Funnel and Thermometer Video; Vacuum Distillation Video; etc…” For more information see the |
Kinetics & Chemical Kinetics
Chemical Kinetics Databases & Software
Kinetic Resolution ~
Arrhenius Equation ~
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Kinetics & Chemical Kinetics Calculators & Applets Chemical Kinetics Databases
kinetics results for thermal gas-phase chemical reactions. The database is designed to be searched for kinetics data based on the specific reactants involved, for reactions resulting in specified products, for all the reactions of a particular species, or for various combinations of these…” Chemical Kinetics Database
separate reaction records for over 11,700 distinct reactant pairs…” For more information see
Unsaturated Oxygenates Compounds; Nitrogen Containing Oxygenates Compounds; etc…” For more information see
IUPAC Subcommittee for Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation…” Evaluated Kinetic Databases include
Data sheets for photolysis reactions of Ox, HOx, NOx, SOx and organic species; Data sheets for hetereogeneous reactions on solids; Data sheets for hetereogeneous reactions on liquids…” For more information see
records with a total of 29,141 rate constants…” “…Enter the reactant(s), product(s), and/or solvent(s) in the fields below. Compounds may be entered by formula, name, or CAS number…” For more information see
the enzyme (E) to form the enzyme-substrate complex (ES). ES then dissociates to form enzyme and free product….” For more information see
For more information see
be overcome by the use of approximations…” For more information see
Using rate constants at several temperatures as input, the activation energy and entropy is calculated. Also calculates predicted rate and percent loss at a given temperature and time…” For more information see
reaction rates using the Arrhenius equation…” For more information see the
For more information see
additional assumption that k2 is much less than k-1, so the Pre-Equilibrium Approximation can be used instead of the Steady State Approximation…” For more information see
intermediates A, B, C and D in the metabolic scheme shown above, with radiolabel derived from an exogenously supplied precursor, E…” Radiolabeling Kinetics Calculator INPUT Values include:
Starting pool size of pool A; Rate of synthesis of pool A; Combined rate of utilization of pool A; Specific activity of endogenous unlabeled precursor of pool A; Starting specific activity of pool B; etc…” For more information see |
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