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Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains
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Mining Engineering

Nanotechnology, Picotechnology,
Femtotechnology, Attotechnology, Zeptotechnology, Yoctotechnology

Engineering Center

Calculators On-Line Center

Mining Engineering

Mining Engineering Courses, Manuals, Handbooks, etc.

Blasting & Explosives Manuals, Publications, etc.

Acid Mine Drainage Software

Coal Mining, Coal Petrology, Coal Combustion,
Longwall Mining, Bord and Pillar Mining, etc.
Atlases, Databases, Courses, etc.

Mineral Courses, Lectures, Manuals, Databases, etc.

Geotechnical Engineering,
Geology Engineering, Rock Engineering, etc.

Mining Engineering

MINING ENGINEERING MANUALS, HANDBOOKS, COURSES, TOOLS, ETC.

MINERAL RESOURCES ON-LINE SPATIAL DATA - Mineral Resources Program (MRP), USGS Multimedia USGS Mineral Resources On-Line Spatial Data (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Mineral Resources Program (MRP)

MINING GUIDELINES, HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, AND PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE - Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE), Department of Interior Multimedia Mining Guidelines, Handbooks, Manuals, and Public Domain Software (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Mining" Handbooks include
"...Abandoned Mine Site Characterization and Cleanup Handbook;
Handbook of Methods to Reclaim Wildlife Habitat on Surface Mines in Wyoming;
Handbook of Western Reclamation Techniques;
Small Surface Coal Mine Operators Handbook; etc..."
Examples of Mining Manuals include
"...Surface Mining Water Diversion Design Manual;
Design Manual for Sedimentation Control Through Sedimentation Ponds and Other Physical/Chemical Treatment;
Design of Surface Mine Haulage Roads;
Manual for Abandoned Underground Mine Inventory and Risk Assessment; etc..."
For more information see OSMRE National Library; OSMRE Resources or the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE)

MINING & GEOSCIENCE TOOLS - InfoMine VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Most Tools require Registration.
InfoMine's Online Tools for Mining and the Geosciences provides
"...close to 50 online tools for mining and geoscience applications, most of which are freely available..."
Mining Calculators, Applets & Software Subject Categories include:
"...Exploration;
Geotechnics & Rock Mechanics;
Mining Methods & Mine Planning;
Management, Risk & Financial;
Mineralogy & Mineral Processing; etc..."
For more information see InfoMine

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND METHODS (ENCE 420) - I.A. Assakkaf, Center for Technology and Systems Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland Multimedia Construction Equipment and Methods Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
"Construction Equipment and Methods" Course Description
"...Evaluation and selection of equipment and methods for construction of projects, including earthmoving, paving, steel and concrete construction, formwork, trenching, cofferdams, rock excavation, tunneling..."
Examples of "Construction Equipment and Methods" Course Chapters include
"...Equipment Cost;
Geotechnical Materials;
Dozers;
Scrapers;
Excavators;
Finishing Equipment;
Trucks and Hauling Equipment;
Drilling Rock and Earth;
Blasting Rock;
Cranes;
Draglines and Clamshells;
Piles and Pile-Driving Equipment;
Equipment for Pumping Water;
Belt-Conveyer Systems; etc..."
For more information see Construction Equipment and Methods Home Page; Courses; Ibrahim A. Assakkaf's Home Page; Center for Technology and Systems Management or the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

BLASTING MANUALS, TECHNICAL REPORTS, VIDEOS, CALCULATORS, SPREADSHEETS, ETC.

EXPLOSIVES MANUALS, TECHNICAL REPORTS, VIDEOS, CALCULATORS, SPREADSHEETS, ETC.

ROCK BLASTING TERMS AND SYMBOLS: A DICTIONARY OF SYMBOLS AND TERMINOLOGY IN ROCK BLASTING - Editor in Chief: Agne Rustan; Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1998; Hosted by Google Books Multimedia Rock Blasting Terms and Symbols: A Dictionary of Symbols and Terminology in Rock Blasting Book - 204 Pages (Text & Images).
Rock Blasting Terms and Symbols: A Dictionary of Symbols and Terminology in Rock Blasting
"...The objective of creating the dictionary was to make available an extended compilation for terms which would help students, teachers, technicians, engineers, scientists and practioners in the field of blasting become better acquainted with international definitions and symbols, and assist them..."
"...contains 1980 terms, 325 symbols, 77 acronyms, abbreviations and shortened froms, 221 references, 32 figures, 57 formulas,..."

BLASTING FUNDAMENTALS - ISEE Certificate Program, International Society of Explosives Engineers (ISEE) Multimedia Blasting Fundamentals Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY EXTENSIVE.
Free but Registration Required.
Examples of "Blasting Fundamentals" Course Lessons include
"...Blasting Safety;
Geological Effects on Blasting;
Explosives Products and Selection;
Detonators and Initiation Systems;
Ground Vibrations and Airwaves; etc..."
For more information see the International Society of Explosives Engineers (ISEE)

BLASTING: ARBLAST: ALL RESOURCES ON BLASTING - Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, Department of Interior Multimedia Blasting Manuals, Technical Reports, etc. (Text, Images, Simulations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Blasting: ARblast: All Resources on Blasting" Subject Categories include
"...Federal & State Technical Reports;
Federal Blaster Certification;
Blasting Seismographs;
Vibrations in Underground Mines;
Vibrations and Slope Stability; etc..."
For more information see Blasting; Resources or the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement

EXPLOSIVES DOWNLOADBLE MINING PUBLICATIONS - Mining, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC Multimedia Explosives Downloadable Mining Publications (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Explosives Downloadable Mining Publications" include
"...Dangers of Toxic Fumes from Blasting;
Detonation Wave Propagation in Underground Mine Entries;
Factors Affecting ANFO Fumes Production;
Field Studies of Carbon Monoxide Migration from Blasting;
Flyrock Issues in Blasting;
Frictional Ignition of Natural Gas-Air Mixtures by Alternative Coal-Cutter Bit Shank Materials;
Ignition Hazard From Internally-generated H2 in Sealed Mining Equipment;
Ignition of Methane-Air Mixtures by Laser Heated Small Particles; etc..."
For more information see Safety and Health Topics or NIOSH Mining

ROCK BLASTING AND EXPLOSIVES ENGINEERING - Authors: Per-Anders Persson, Roger Holmberg & Jaimin Lee; Publisher: CRC Press, 1993; Hosted by Google Books Multimedia Rock Blasting and Explosives Engineering Textbook - 560 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples from over "19" "Rock Blasting and Explosives Engineering" Textbook Chapters include
"...Rock Strength and Fracture Properties;
Mechanical Drilling and Boring in Rock;
Explosives;
Shock Waves and Detonations, Explosive Performance;
Principles of Charge Calculation for Surface Blasting;
Charge Calculations for Tunneling;
Stress Waves in Rock, Rock Mass Damage and Fragmentation;
Fly Rock;
Safety in Production of Explosives; etc..."

PRECISIONS SECONDARY EXPLOSIVE COMPONENTS - Teledyne RISI, a Teledyne Technologies Company Multimedia Secondary Explosive Components Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Teledyne RISI

IME TNT EQUIVALENCE CALCULATOR - Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME)
IME TNT Equivalence Calculator
"...There are many ways to calculate "TNT equivalence" and the term is often misused because the property in question and basis for the equivalence are not defined..."
"...This worksheet is primarily designed to assist mining companies in determining if they should submit form 9-4040-A to the U.S. Geological Survey..."
"...If the number of Short Tons is larger than 300, you should submit USGS form 9-4040-A..."
IME TNT Equivalence Calculator INPUT Values include
"...Weight of the Explosive;
Heat of Combustion or the Heat of Explosion of the Explosive..."

For more information see Industrial Explosives or the Institute of Makers of Explosives (IME)

ACID MINE DRAINAGE SOFTWARE

AMDTREAT - Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, Department of Interior VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
AMDTreat
"...is a tool to assist users in the process of estimating the cost of abatement of pollutional mine drainage discharges..."
AMDTreat
"...provides a detailed framework for calculating real-world site-specific treatment cost estimates...;
"...users can calculate costs both forward (In advance of construction.) and reverse. (Determining the cost of a previously constructed system.);
"...is a powerful what-if modeling tool to help in determining the most cost effective long-term treatment type for a given discharge; etc..."
For more information see the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement

Coal Mining, Coal Petrology, Coal Combustion

COAL ATLASES

CRELLING'S PETROGRAPHIC ATLAS OF COAL AND CARBON COMPOUNDS - J.C. Crelling, Advanced Coal and Energy Research Center, Department of Geology, College of Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois Multimedia Crelling's Petrographic Atlas of Coal and Carbon Compounds (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Petrographic Atlas of Coal and Carbon Compounds" Categories include
"...Metallurgical Cokes - Coke Petrology;
Petroleum Cokes - Petroleum Coke Petrology;
Quinoline Insolubles - Quinoline Insoluble Residues;
Graphites;
Combustion Chars - Coal Combustion Chars;
Coal Macerals;
Fly Ash; etc..."
For more information see the Advanced Coal and Energy Research Center or the Department of Geology

PHOTOMICROGRAPH ATLAS - USGS Energy Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Photomicrograph Atlas - Petrographic Web Atlas for Metallurgical Bituminous Coal Macerals (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE.
Photomicrograph Atlas - Petrographic Web Atlas for Metallurgical Bituminous Coal Macerals includes
Vitrinite;
Liptinite
"...Cutinite;
Sporinite; etc..."
Inertinite
"...Semifusinite;
Micrinite;
Macrinite;
Fusinite; etc..."

For more information see Coal Resources or USGS Energy Resources Program

PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF FLY ASH - Author: J.C. Hower, Coal/Ash Applied Petrology Laboratory, Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky Multimedia Petrographic Characterization of Fly Ash Database (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see James Hower's Academia.edu Home Page; James Hower - Coal/Ash Applied Petrology Laboratoryor the Center for Applied Energy Research

COAL DATABASES

COAL - USGS Energy Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Coal, Coal Petrology, etc. Lectures, Databases, Atlases, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see USGS Energy Resources Program

Examples of "Coal, Coal Petrology, etc. Lectures, Databases, Atlases, etc." include

Photomicrograph Atlas - Petrographic Web Atlas for Metallurgical Bituminous Coal Macerals

Organic Petrology

Coal Databases

World Coal Quality Inventory

COAL MINING COURSES, LECTURES, ETC.

Longwall Mining

LONGWALL MINING - Australian Coal Industry’s Research Program (ACARP) & Mining Engineering, Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineeering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Multimedia Longwall Mining Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Underground Coal; Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering or the Faculty of Engineeering and Information Sciences

Coal Mine Outbursts & Combustion

COAL MINE OUTBURSTS - Team Leader: Naj Aziz, Mining Engineering, Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineeering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Multimedia Coal Mine Outbursts Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Coal Mine Outbursts
"...Outburst has been defined as a spontaneous ejection of gas and coal from the solid face, where the gas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. This definition is questioned in the use of the term "spontaneous" as this suggests an outburst occurs without triggering, when an outburst can be provoked with the use of explosives or during the cutting of coal. Thus, outbursts have also been defined as...."
Coal Mine Outbursts Course Chapters & Subchapters include
Overview
Outburst (Outburst Size & Outburst Cavern);
Outburst Glossary; etc..."
Factors (Coal Factors)
"...Strength;
Rank;
Volumetric change; etc..."
Management
"...Prediction;
Prevention;
Control..."
Rock Bumps Video; etc.
For more information see Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering or the Faculty of Engineeering and Information Sciences

ENERGY LABORATORY - BAXTER COMBUSTION LABORATORY - L.L. Baxter, Baxter Combustion Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology, Brigham Young University Multimedia Energy Laboratory - Combustion Laboratory Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Energy Laboratory - Combustion Laboratory Course" Chapters, Subchatpers, etc. include
"...Experiments
Emissivity;
Mass and Volume Growth;
Corrosion;
Diagnostics
Mass Balance;
Continuous Gas Analysis;
Particle Characteristics;
Laser Triangulation;
Probe;
FTIR; etc.

Fuels
Coal
Ash Fusion Temperatures;
Chemical Fractionation;
Proximate Analysis;
Ash Fusion Temperatures;
Chemical Fractionation;
Ash Chemistry, etc.

Biomass
Cofiring
Burnout Experimental Highlight;
Available Biomass;
Inorganic Properties;
Ash Deposition
Corrosion;
Deposition Issues; etc.
NOx Formation;
Ultimate Analyses;
Burnout Issues; etc.

Deposition By Reaction; etc.
For more information see the Department of Chemical Engineering or the Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology

Underground Mining Methods

UNDERGROUND MINING METHODS - R. Ganguli, Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, College of Engineering and Mines, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska Multimedia Underground Mining Methods Course (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Underground Mining Methods" Course Lecture Notes include
"...Introduction to Room and Pillar Mining;
Designing Coal Pillars;
Pillaring;
Longwall Mining;
Sublevel Stoping;
Vertical Creater Retreat Stoping;
Cut and Fil;
Block Caving; etc..."
For more information see Rajive Ganguli's Personal Home Page; Rajive Ganguli's Faculty Home Page; Department of Mining and Geological Engineering or the College of Engineering and Mines

COAL CALCULATORS

¹³C NMR PARAMETER CALCULATOR - T.H. Fletcher & D. Genetti, Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University
¹³C NMR Parameter Calculator
"...estimates four measurements of the chemical structure of coal (¹³C NMR) based on the coal's elemental composition and ASTM volatile matter content..."
For more information see Thomas H. Fletcher's Home Page or the Department of Chemical Engineering

Mining Engineering: Minerals

MINERALS COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC.

EARTH MATERIALS (EENS 211) - S.A. Nelson, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Tulane University Multimedia Earth Materials Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Earth Materials Course
"...Since minerals are the basic building blocks of earth materials, this course is designed to give the student a fundamental background in minerals, necessary to understand earth materials..."
Examples of "Earth Materials" Course Lectures include
"...Elements of Crystal;
Crystal Morphology, Crystal Symmetry, Crystallographic Axes;
Axial Ratios, Parameters, Miller Indices;
Stereographic Projection of Crystal Faces;
Twinning, Polymorphism, Polytypism, Pseudomorphism;
Physical Properties of Minerals;
Properties of Light and Examination of Isotropic Substances;
Uniaxial Minerals, Uniaxial Indicatrix, Optic Sign, & Ray Path;
Silicate Structures, Structural Formula, Neso-, Cyclo-, and Soro- Silicates;
Tectosilicates, Carbonates, Oxides, & Accessory Minerals; etc..."
For more information see Stephen A. Nelson's Home Page or the Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences

CLAY MINERALOGY (GEOL8550) - P.A. Schroeder, UGA Clay Science, Department of Geology, and Co-Director: Center for Advanced Ultrastructrual Research, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia Multimedia Clay Mineralogy Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples from over "34" "Clay Mineralogy" Graduate Course Lectures include
"...Theoretical X-ray Powder Diffraction (Layer Factors & Interference Function);
X-ray Diffraction Data Processing;
Hydrous Layered Silicates;
Ionic Radii and Structural Formula Calculations;
Associated Mineral Phases and their XRD Identification;
XRD Identification of Discrete Clay Minerals (Illite, Chlorite, Kaolinite, Smectite, Vermiculite)
Mixed-layer Clays and their XRD Identification;
Quantitative XRD Analysis of Mineral Mixtures;
Reicprocal Lattice, Electron Diffraction;
Electron Optics;
The Geochemistry of Clays;
Equilibrium Adsorption and Ion Exchange;
Weathering Reactions and Stability Diagrams; etc..."
For more information see Graduate courses offered related to Clay Science; Clay Mineralogy at the University of Georgia; UGA Clay Science; Paul A. Schroeder's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Geology

FUNDAMENTALS OF X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION - J.R. Connolly, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico Multimedia Fundamentals of X-Ray Powder Diffraction Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Fundamentals of X-Ray Powder Diffraction" Course Lectures include
"...An Introduction to X-ray powder diffraction;
Generation of X-rays;
Generation of X-rays;
X-ray scattering, Bragg’s Law and diffraction geometry;
Diffraction intensities and relationships to crystal structure and chemistry;
Types and sources of errors in diffraction data;
Introduction to the analysis of clay minerals; etc..."
For more information see Earth & Planetary Sciences X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory; Labs or the Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences

A LABORATORY MANUAL FOR X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION - U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia A Laboratory Manual for X-Ray Powder Diffraction (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "A Laboratory Manual for X-Ray Powder Diffraction" Chapters & Subchapters include
Methods
"...Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment for the Removal of Organics;
Separation of Silt and Clay by Decantation;
Separation of Silt and Clay by Centrifuge;
Smear Slide Mounts;
Oriented-Aggregate Mounts;
Ethylene Glycol Treatment;
Lithium Saturation of Smectites;
Intercalation of Kaolinite Group Minerals; etc..."
Clay Minerals
"...Chlorite Group;
Illite;
Kaolinite Group;
Mixed-Layer Clays;
Smectite Group;
Sepiolite and Palygorskite;
Vermiculite..."
Clay Mineral Identification Flow Diagram; etc.

SPECTROSCOPY OF ROCKS AND MINERALS, AND PRINCIPLES OF SPECTROSCOPY - R.N. Clark, USGS Spectroscopy Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Spectroscopy of Rocks and Minerals, and Principles of Spectroscopy (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Spectroscopy of Spectroscopy of Rocks and Minerals, and Principles of Spectroscopy" Subject Categories include
"...Absorption and Scattering;
Imaging Spectroscopy;
Reflection and Absorption;
Electronic Processes;
Crystal Field Effects;
Charge Transfer Absorptions;
Vibrational Processes; etc.
For more information see USGS Spectroscopy Laboratory or Mineral Resources Program, USGS

MINERAL DATABASES

Mineral Databases; Crystallography of Minerals Databases; Opaque and Ore Minerals Databases;
Zeolite Databases; Mineral Spectroscopy Databases; Mineral Structure Databases; etc.

Mineralogy Databases - Minerals Databases

Minerals Databases contain Phycial Properties, Chemical Properties, Optical Properties, etc.,
including Color, Luster, Transparency, Twinning, Fracture, Hardness, Fluorescence, Triboluminescence, Index of Refraction, etc.

MINERALOGY DATABASES - D. Barthelmy Multimedia Mineralogy Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Mineralogy Database
"...contains 4,442 individual mineral species descriptions..."
"...Mineral data for individual species are linked to mineral tables by crystallography, crystal structures, X-Ray powder diffraction, chemical composition, physical and optical properties, Dana's New classification,..."

Examples of Mineralogy Databases include

Minerals by Chemical Composition

Crystallography and Minerals Arranged by Crystal Form

Minerals arranged by the Dana Classification System

Minerals arranged by the Strunz Classification System

Minerals by Physical and Optical Properties

Calculated Radioactivity

MINERAL SCIENCES COLLECTIONS: SEARCH & BROWSE - Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian Institution Multimedia Mineral Sciences Collection (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Mineral Sciences Collections
"...The Smithsonian Institution mineral and gem collection consists of approximately 350,000 mineral specimens and 10,000 gems, making it one of the largest of its kind in the world..."
Mineral Sciences Collections include
"...Gems & Minerals with Images;
Meteorites with Images;
Rocks and Ores with Images..."
For more information see the Mineral Sciences Collections or the Department of Mineral Sciences

BANCROFT MINERAL COLLECTION - Department of Earth Science, College of Letters & Science, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) Multimedia Bancroft Mineralogy Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTESNIVE.
Bancroft Mineralogy Database
"...provides a wealth of information on the collection's 67 minerals, including others currently not on display. The information includes a narrative description of the mineral, its complete chemical and physical properties,..."
For more information see the Department of Earth Science

AMETHYST GALLERIES' MINERAL GALLERY - Amethyst Galleries, Inc Multimedia Mineral Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Amethyst Galleries' Mineral Gallery
"...describes over 600 mineral species (and varieties) and more than 5000 specimens..."

PERIODIC TABLE: GERM PARTITION COEFFICIENT (KD) DATABASE - KD'S OF ROCKS AND MINERALS - A. Koppers (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) & Roger Nielsen (Oregon State University), & Hosted by EarthRef.org VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
GERM Partition Coefficient (Kd) Database
"...contains partition coefficient data for all types of rocks and minerals and for every element. All search results are sortable and may be downloaded in the format of your choice. Both experimental and empirical data are included in this extensive compilation..."
For more information see Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM); EarthRef.org or Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Crystallography of Minerals Databases

FOR MORE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY DATABASES, COURSES, LECTURES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

BILBAO CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC SERVER - Server hosted by the University of the Basque Country Multimedia Crystallographic Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Bilcao Crystallographic Server" Subject Categories include
"...Space Groups Retrieval Tools;
Magnetic Symmetry and Applications;
Group - Subgroup Relations of Space Groups;
Representation Theory Applications;
Subperiodic Groups: Layer, Rod and Frieze Groups Retrieval Tools;
Solid State Theory Applications;
Structure Utilities;
The Bilbao Incommensurate Structures Database;
Raman and Hyper-Raman scattering;
Point Groups: Retrieval Tools;
Plane Groups: Retrieval Tools;
The k-vector types and Brillouin zones of the Layers groups; etc..."

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND CRYSTALLOCHEMICAL DATABASE FOR MINERALS AND THEIR STRUCTURAL ANALOGUES: WWW-MINCRYST - A.V. Chichagov & D.A. Varlamov and supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, Russia Multimedia Crystallographic and Crystallochemical Database for Minerals and Their Structure Analogues Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
In English & Russian.
For more information see the WWW-MINCRYST Home Page or the Russian Foundation of Basic Research

Zeolite Databases

ATLAS OF PROSPECTIVE ZEOLITE STRUCTURES - M.D. Foster & M.M.J. Treacy, Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Arizona State University Multimedia Atlas of Prospective Zeolite Structures (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Atlas of Prospective Zeolite Structures
"...contains a collection of hypothetical zeolite structures in a searchable database. It also uses a 3D Java applet to display structures and tools to perform XRD powder pattern simulations and largest included sphere analysis..."
For more information see Michael M.J. Treacy's Home Page; Michael M.J. Treacy's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Physics

DATABASE OF ZEOLITES STRUCTURES - Structure Commission, International Zeolite Association (IZA-SC), Switzerland Multimedia Zeolites Structures Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Database of Zeolite Structures includes
"...Descriptions and drawings of each framework type;
User-controlled animated displays of each framework type;
Crystallographic data and simulated powder diffraction patterns for representative materials;
Detailed instructions for building models;
Descriptions of some families of disordered zeolite structures; etc..."
For more information see International Zeolite Association (IZA-SC)

Mineral Spectroscopy Databases

DIGITAL SPECTRAL LIBRARY - USGS Spectroscopy Lab Multimedia USGS Digital Spectral Library Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
USGS Digital Spectral Library
"...The UV to mid-infrared 0.2-150 micron library (splib06) contains over 1300 spectra including mid-infrared data as well as spectra from splib05a and additional visible and near-infrared spectra. The library includes many more minerals, organic and volatile compounds, vegetation, and man-made materials than our previous libraries. The database is over 6,000 web pages, figures, sample images and data listings..."
For more information see USGS Spectroscopy Lab or the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

MINERAL SPECTROSCOPY - G.R. Rossman, Division of Geological & Planetray Sciences, California Institute of Technology Multimedia Mineral Spectroscopy Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Mineral Spectroscopy
"...provides information about mineralogy and is primarily dedicated to providing information about color in minerals and access to data on Mineral Absorption Spectra in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum and Raman spectra of minerals. Most data on the server were obtained in the Caltech mineral spectroscopy labs. Other types of spectroscopic data on minerals are also available..."
For more information see George R. Rossman Home Page or the Division of Geological & Planetray Sciences

Mineral Structure Databases

MINERAL WEB: 3-D DISPLAY OF MINERAL STRUCTURES (CHIME) - A.R. Lennie, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. Multimedia Mineral Structure Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see School of Earth and Environmental Sciences

Nanotechnology, Picotechnology, Femtotechnology,
Attotechnology, Zeptotechnology, Yoctotechnology

Nanotechnology, NEMS,
Nanostructure Materials Courses & Databases
(Text, Images, Simulations, Applets, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Picotechnology ~ Femtotechnology ~ Attotechnology ~ Zeptotechnology ~ Yoctotechnology

Nanotubes, Nanocones, Buckyballs, Fullerenes

Friction on the Atomic Scale ~ Nanomicroscoy

Microelectronics, MEMS, Micromachine

Nanotechnology

Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMS), Femtotechnology,
Attotechnology, Zeptotechnology

NANOTECHNOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, DATABASES, ETC.

Nanotechnology Databases

MEMS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY EXCHANGE PROCESS CATALOG - MEMS and Nanotechnology Exchange, hosted by the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) Multimedia MEMS and Nanotechnology Database (Text, Images & Process Characteristics Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
MEMS and Nanotechnology is
"...the most comprehensive and diverse set of implementation solutions for MEMS, micro- and nano-technologies to be found anywhere in the world..."
Examples of MEMS and Nanotechnology "Process Subject Categories with Matching Process Capabilities" include
"...Bonding;
Deposition;
Doping;
Etch;
LIGA;
Lift Off;
Lithography;
Mask Making;
Metrology;
Packaging;
Polishing;
Process Technologies;
Thermal; etc..."
For more information see MEMS and Nanotechnology Exchange or the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI)

Nanotechnology, Nanostructure Materials, Nano-Biosystems, Nanofabrication, etc.

NANOHUB - Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN), a Network of 6 Universities including: Purdue, UTEP, Norfolk State, UIUC, Northwestern & UC Berkeley Multimedia Nano-Biosystems Courses, Lectures, Modules, etc. (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Registration is Free.
Nanohub
"...is a web-based initiative spearheaded by the NCN. Its mission is to serve as a resource for research and education in the areas of nanoelectronics, NEMS, and their application to nano-biosystems..."
"...Users can get access to research software code to do things such as model nanoscale electronic devices. There are more than 250 codes, mostly available as "open access," but not open source, which would allow users to modify and change the code..."
"...Apps for 'high-performance computing (HPC)'..."

For more information see Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN)

INTRODUCTION TO NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - J.C. Bean, Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Virginia Multimedia Introduction to Nanoscience and Technology Course (Text, Images, Animations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Introduction to Nanoscience and Technology" Course Lectures include
"...Microfabrication/Micromachining;
The Need for Self-Assembly;
DNA Self-Assembly;
The Bleeding Edge: Emerging Applications of Nanoscience;
How We See and Measure at the Nanoscale;
Nano Molecular Machines; etc..."
For more information see John Bean's Home Page or the Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering

NANOTECHNOLOGY (EE/APh 180) - A. Scherer, Nanofabrication Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Applied Physics, Department of Physics & Co-Director of the Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology Multimedia Nanotechnology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Nanotechnology Course
"...Explore the techniques and applications of nanofabrication and miniaturization of devices to the smallest scale.
Focused on the understanding of the technology of miniaturization, its history and present trends towards building devices and structures on the nanometer scale; etc..."
Examples of "Nanotechnology" Course Lectures include
"...Lecture 3: Bipolar Junction Transistors;
Lecture 7: Optical Communications; etc..."
For more information see Classes; Axel Scherer's Home Page; Nanofabrication Group or the Kavli Nanoscience Institute

CNF NANOCOURSES AND CNF EQUIPMENT TRAINING VIDEOS (QUICKTIME, WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Cornell NanoScale Science & Technology Facility (CNF), Cornell University Multimedia Nanotechnology Course & Training Video Lectures (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "CNF NanoCourses" - Nanotechnology Courses & Chapters include
Photolithography
"...CAD Issues for Photolithography;
E-Beam Lithography; etc..."
Vacuum
"...Vacuum Science,
Pumps and Gauges;
Vacuum System Performance..."
Thin Films
"...Evaporation;
Dry Etching;
Sputter Deposition;
Bonding and Embossing; etc..."
Characterization
"...SEM;
Optical and Electrical;
Auger and Thin Film Analysis;
AFM..."

Examples of "CNF Equipment Training Videos" include
Hamatechs Training Video;
Atomic Force Microscopy Training Video;
Woollam Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometer Training Video.
For more information see the Cornell NanoScale Science & Technology Facility (CNF)

SELF-ASSEMBLY AND NANOTECHNOLOGY - Z. Gu, Department of Chemical Engineering & the Nanomanufacturing Center, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts Multimedia Self-assembly and Nanotechnology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Self-assembly and Nanotechnology" Course Lectures include
"...Lecture 3: Self-assembled Structures (Nano-, Micro- and Macro-scales);
Lecture 6: Synthesis and Fabrication of Nanomaterials;
Lecture 9: Porous Nanostructures and Biosensors; etc..."
Teaching; Zhiyong Gu's Lab or the Department of Chemical Engineering

STANFORD NANOFABRICATION FACILITY EQUIPMENT TRAINING VIDEOS - Stanford Nanofabrication Facility, School of Engineering, Stanford University Multimedia Stanford Nanofabrication Facility Equipment Training Videos (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Stanford Nanofabrication Facility Equipment Training Videos" include
"...SNF Safety Training Video (34 minutes);
Cleanliness, Contamination, and Chemical Handling Video (51 minutes);
Metal Tweezer Cleaning Video (9 minutes);
Delrin Tweezer Cleaning Video (9 minutes; etc..."
For more information see Labmembers' Portal Stanford Nanofabrication Facility or the School of Engineering

NANOFABRICATION PROCESSES - Stanford NanoFabrication Facility, Stanford University Multimedia Nanofabrication Processes Course, Nanofabrication Processes Manuals (Text, Images, Simulations & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Nanofabrication Processes" Course Categories & Subcatories include
E-Beam, SEM & Maskmaking
"...Maskmaking at Compugraphics;
Making Transparency Masks;
Electron Beam Photoresists;
Nikon Reticle Alignment Marks; etc..."
Optical Photolithography
"...Polyimide Photoresist;
Lift-off Processing;
Wafer Backside Protection w/Photoresist;
Manual Coating Procedures;
Manual Developing Procedures; etc..."
Dry Etching
"...Nitride Plasma Etch;
Oxide Plasma Etch;
Polysilicon Plasma Etch..."
Annealing, Oxidation & Doping
"...Tylan Recipe Index;
Oxide Thickness Calculator..."
Chemical Vapor Deposition;
Metallization & Sputtering;
Wet Processing;
Wet Oxide Etch;
Wet Bench Clean Procedures;
KOH Etching of Silicon; etc.
For more Information see Stanford NanoFrication

NANOFABRICATION LECTURES - Nanotech-The UCSB Nanofabrication Facility, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) Multimedia Nanofabrication Lectures (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Examples of "Nanofabrication" Subject Categories include
"...Lithography;
Dry Etching;
Deposition;
Annealing;
Wet Processing; etc..."
For more information see the Nanotech-The UCSB Nanofabrication Facility

FLUCTUATIONS AND NANOSCALE CONTROL - Electron Physics Group, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Mulitmedia Fluctuations and Nanoscale Control (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Nanofabrication Research Group or the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology

NANOMAGNET DYNAMICS - Electron Physics Group, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Mulitmedia Nanomagnet Dynamics (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Electron Physics Group or the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology

PICOTECHNOLOGY

PICOSECOND E-PRINTS - (10^-12 seconds) Metrology

PICOSECOND E-PRINTS - arXiv.org For more information see the arXiv.org

FEMTOTECHNOLOGY

FEMTOSECOND E-PRINTS - (10^-15 seconds) Metrology

FEMTOSECOND E-PRINTS - arXiv.org For more information see the arXiv.org

ATTOTECHNOLOGY

ATTOGRAM

TOWARD ATTOGRAM MASS MEASUREMENTS IN SOLUTION WITH SUSPENDED NANOCHANNEL RESONATORS - Authors: J. Lee, Wenjiang Shen, K. Paye, T.P. Burg & S.R. Manalis; Nano Lett., 2010, 10 (7), pp 2537–2542, Publication Date (Web): June, 2010; Copyright: 2010 American Chemical Society Multimedia Toward Attogram Mass Measurements in Solution with Suspended Nanochannel Resonators (Text & Images). For more information see Nano Letter (ACS Publication) or the American Chemical Society

ATTOSECOND METROLOGY & ATTOSECOND TECHNOLOGY - (10^-18 seconds) Metrology

ATTOSECOND E-PRINTS - Physics e-Prints, arXiv.org For more information see the arXiv.org

TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION BY ATTOSECOND STREADING: EXTRACTION OF TIME INFORMATION (FEB, 2011) - Authors: Stefan Nagele, et.al., Physics e-Prints, arXiv.org Multimedia Time-resolved photoemission by attosecond streaking: extraction of time information, Physics e-Print, Feb., 2011 (Text & Images).

"...Attosecond streaking of atomic photoemission holds the promise to provide unprecedented information on the release time of the photoelectron..."
For more information see Attosecond e-Prints or the arXiv.org

IONIZATION BRANCHING RATIO CONTROL WITH A RESONANCE ATTOSECOND CLOCK (APRIL, 2010) - Authors: Luca Argenti & Eva Lindroth, Physics e-Prints, arXiv.org Multimedia Ionization branching ratio control with a resonance attosecond clock, Physics e-Print, April, 2010 (Text & Images).

"...We investigate the possibility to monitor the dynamics of autoionizing states in real time and control the yields of different ionization channels in helium by simulating XUV-pump IR-probe experiments..."
For more information see Attosecond e-Prints or the arXiv.org

ATTOSECOND METROLOGY, TOOLS & TECHNOLOGY - MPQ-LMU Laboratory for Attosecond & High-Field Physics (LAP), Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Germany VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Attosecond Metrology Tools, Technology, Publications & Lessons (Text & Images). For more information see the MPQ-LMU Laboratory for Attosecond & High-Field Physics (LAP)

ATTOSECOND TECHNOLOGY - Attosecond Technology VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Attosecond Metrology Publications & Lessons (Text & Images). For more information see the Attosecond Technology

ZEPTOTECHNOLOGY

ZEPTOSECOND METROLOGY & ZEPTOTECHNOLOGY - (10^-21 seconds) Metrology

ZEPTOSECOND SECOND E-PRINTS - Physics e-Prints, arXiv.org For more information see the arXiv.org

NUCLEAR EXCITATION BY A ZEPTOSECOND MULTI--MeV LASER PULSE (AUGUST, 2011) - Author: H.A. Weidenmueller, Physics e-Prints, August, 2011 Multimedia Nuclear Excitation by a Zeptosecond Multi--MeV Laser Pulse - Physics e-Prints (Text & Images).
Nuclear Excitation by a Zeptosecond Multi--MeV Laser Pulse
"...A zeptosecond multi–MeV laser pulse may either excite a "plasma" of strongly interacting nucleons or a collective mode. We derive the conditions on laser energy and photon number such that either of these scenarios is realized...."
For more information see Zeptosecond e-Prints or the arXiv.org

YOCTOTECHNOLOGY

YOCTOSECOND METROLOGY & YOCTOTECHNOLOGY - (10^-24 seconds) Metrology

YOCTOSECOND SECOND E-PRINTS - Physics e-Prints, arXiv.org For more information see the arXiv.org

THERMAL PROCESS GENERATED IN QUARK-GLUON PLASMA BY YOCTOSECOND LASER PULSES (JULY, 2011) - Authors: J. Marciak-Kozlowska & M. Kozlowski, Physics e-Prints, July, 2011 Multimedia Thermal processes generated in quark-gluon plasma by yoctosecond laser pulses - Physics e-Prints (Text & Images). For more information see Yoctosecond e-Prints or the arXiv.org

YOCTOSECOND PHOTON PULSE GENERATION IN HEAVY ION COLLISIONS (FEB, 2011) - Author: Andreas Ipp, Physics e-Prints, Feb, 2011 Multimedia Yoctosecond photon pulse generation in heavy ion collisions - Physics e-Prints (Text & Images).
"...Due to the internal dynamics of the plasma, double pulses at the yoctosecond time scale can be generated under certain conditions. Such double pulses may be utilized for novel pump-probe experiments at nuclear time scales...."
For more information see Yoctosecond e-Prints or the arXiv.org

YOCTONEWTONS

OPTICALLY MEASURING FORCE NEAR THE STANDARD QUANTUM LIMIT [SQL] - S. Schreppler, N. Spethmann, N. Brahms, T. Botter, M. Barrios, D.M. Stamper-Kurn; Publisher: Science Magazine, 6/27/2014; Vol. 344 no. 6191 pp. 1486-1489, DOI: 10.1126/science.1249850 Multimedia Optically measuring force near the standard quantum limit - Publication (Text & Images).
"...The Heisenberg uncertainty principle sets a lower bound on the noise in a force measurement based on continuously detecting a mechanical oscillator’s position. This bound, the standard quantum limit, can be reached when..."
For more information see the Science Magazine

NOT MUCH FORCE: BERKELEY RESEARCHERS DETECT SMALLEST FORCE EVER MEASURED - LBL News Center - 6/26/2014, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley Multimedia Not Much Force: Berkeley Researchers Detect Smallest Force Ever Measured News Release (Text & Images)
"...Using a combination of lasers and a unique optical trapping system that provides a cloud of ultracold atoms, the researchers measured a force of approximately 42 yoctonewtons. A yoctonewton is one septillionth of a newton and there are approximately 3 x 1023 yoctonewtons in one ounce of force..."
"...For those seeking to determine whether Newtonian gravity applies to the quantum world, they now have a way to test their theories. The enhanced force-sensitivity in this experiment could also point the way to improved atomic force microscopy..."
For more information see the LBL News Center

NANOTUBE & NANOCONES COURSES, CALCULATORS, APPLETS & SOFTWARE

NANOTUBE MODELER (NANOCONES, BUCKY-BALL, FULLERENES, SIMULATION SOFTWARE - S. Weber VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE.
Nanotube Modeler
"...is a program for generating xyz-coordinates for Nanotubes and Nanocones. The Fullerene library by M.Yoshida may be accessed as well. Generated geometries may be viewed using the integrated viewer..."
For more information see Java Applets; Steffen Weber's Home Page or JCrystal

FRICTION ON THE ATOMIC SCALE CALCULATORS & APPLETS

THE FRICTION LAB APPLETS - Franz-Josef Elmer, Department of Physics, Institut für Physik, Universität Basel (University of Basel), Switzerland VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Friction Lab; Home Page of Franz-Josef Elmer or the Department of Physics

Examples of Friction Calculators include

An Oscillator with Friction (stick-slip oscillation) Calculator

Frenkel-Kontorova Model Calculator

NANOMICROSCOPY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS

NANOMICROSCOPY FIELD CALCULATOR - P. Fraundorf, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri, St. Louis VERY EXTENSIVE.
Nanomicroscopy Field Calculator INPUT Values include:
"...Magnification; A Scale-bar or Region of Width;
The Power Spectrum of a Region;
A Print of the Power Spectrum is; etc..."
For more information see Phil Fraundorf's Home Page or the Department of Physics & Astronomy

VIEWS FROM ASMALL (JAVA APPLET) - P. Fraundorf, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri, St. Louis VERY EXTENSIVE.
Views frm Asmall is
"...an applet-based variable size-scale adventure for nano-microscopy explorers..."
For more information see One-Frame Views of Unidirectional Motion; Phil Fraundorf's Home Page or the Department of Physics & Astronomy

Engineering Center

Calculators On-Line Center ~ Home Page