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MARTINDALE’S CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER GEOSCIENCE CENTER (Calculators, Applets, Spreadsheets, |
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EXAMPLE OF GEOSCIENCE JOURNALS ONLINE American Geophysical Union (AGU) Journals
Geochemistry Journals
Geophysics Journals
Geology Journals
Astronomy & Geophysics Journals
Earth Journals
Earthquake Journals
Oceanography, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Journals
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology; Journal of Physical Oceanography; Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology; Weather and Forecasting; Journal of Climate; Journal of Hydrometeorology; Weather, Climate, and Society; etc…” For more information see the Mineralogy Journals & Petrology Journals
Radiocarbon Journals
Water Journals
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Geology Time Scales,
Chronological Methods & Geochronology
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Basque, Catalan, French & Japanese. “Other International Commission on Stratigraphy Charts include
Ordovician Chronostratigraphic Chart; Ordovician Carbon Isotope Curve; Permian Time Scale 2012…” For more information see the
estimate quantitative and qualitative dating of rocks and sediments. Techniques exist to date all geological materials, from billions of years to historical records. U-series dating is the most reliable method for dating Quaternary (the last 2 million years) sedimentary carbonate, silica, and fossil material. Quaternary dating provides a record of climate change and…” Examples of “Geochronology” Dating Techniques include
Rb-Sr System Dating Technique; Sm-Nd System Dating Technique; Lu-Hf System Dating Technique; Argon 40/39 Dating Technique; Tephrochronology Dating Technique; Pb 210 Dating Technique; Fission Tracks Dating Technique; Carbon 14 Dating Technique; Thermoluminescence Dating Technique; 3He/4He Dating Technique; He/Ne Dating Technique; Berlyllium 10 Dating Technique; etc…” For more information see
the age of archaeological materials and sites. There are two general categories of methods for dating in archaeology. One is Relative Dating, and the other is Absolute Dating. In general, archaeologists use both methods in conjunction…” Examples of “Chronological Methods” Course Video Lessons include
Dendrochronology; Radiocarbon Dating; Potassium Argon Dating; Obsidian Hydration Dating; etc…” For more information see
Amino Acid Racemization Dating; Paleomagnetic Dating
Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale Dating; Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale Dating; Archaeomagnetic Dating; Radiocarbon Dating; For more information see |
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fossil protein preserved in carbonate materials with time (geologic age of the sample) and temperature (long term chemical temperature of the enclosing sediment). Stratigraphic applications of the method have been demonstrated from both marine and non-marine sequences all over the world using a variety of carbonate fossil materials including…” For more information see the
Paleomagnetism Courses, Lectures, etc.
Fisher Statistics; Paleomagnetic Tensors; The Ancient Geomagnetic Field; The GPTS and Magnetostratigraphy; etc…” Examples of “Essentials of Paleomagnetism” Appendices include
Plots useful in Paleomagnetism; Paleomagnetic Statistics and Parameter Rstimation; Anisotropy in Paleomagnetism; etc…” For more information see Archaeomagnetic Dating Lessons
archaeological problems. Usually, the term refers to archaeomagnetic dating…” Examples of “Archaeomagnetic Dating” Lessons include
Geomagnetic Principles; Archaeomagnetic Sample Collecting; Secular Variation Curves; etc…”
part-per-trillion (PPT) level, and 39Ar at and below the part-per-quadrillion (PPQ) level….” “…These three long-lived noble-gas isotopes possess ideal geophysical and geochemical properties for radioisotope dating and are particularly significant for applications in the earth sciences…” For more information see the
Dendrochronology Course & Lectures
Basic Sampling Design; etc…” Analyzing Tree-Ring Data
Using and Interpreting the COFECHA Program; Standardization Techniques; etc…” Applications in Dendrochronology
Dendrogeomorphology; Isotope Studies and Tree Rings; etc…” For more information see
Dendrochronology Calculators & Applets
For more information see Dendrochronology Databases
chronologies (growth indices for a site). Tree-ring measurement series from other parameters are welcome as well…” For more information see
have compiled a partial geologic time scale of the sequence and duration of reversals of the Earth’s magnetic polarity…” For more information see the Ice Core Lectures, Lessons, etc.
can reveal past variations in climate ranging from seasons to hundreds of thousands of years. Ice core records can be used to reconstruct temperature, atmospheric circulation strength, precipitation, ocean volume, atmospheric dust, volcanic eruptions, solar variability, marine biological productivity, sea ice and desert extent, and forest fires…” For more information see Ice Core Databases
polar and low latitude mountain glaciers and ice caps are archived. Proxy climate indicators include oxygen isotopes, methane concentrations, dust content, and other parameters…” For more information see
the relative ages of items or, in some circumstances, can be converted into an estimated absolute age. In order to transform the hydration rim value to a calendar age, the rate of the diffusion of water into the glass must be determined or estimated…” For more information see the Radiocarbon Dating Laboratories
provides us with a way to measure exposure ages for rock surfaces such as fault scarps, lava flows and glacial pavements. Where surfaces are gradually evolving, cosmogenic isotope measurements allow us to calculate erosion or soil accumulation rates…” For more information see
Beryllium-10/Aluminium-26 Surface Erosion Rate Calculator:
Geometric Shielding Calculator:
For more information see the
and correlation. Tephrochronology is employed globally with numerous interdisciplinary applications including: environmental and climate change, archaeology, Earth surface processes, ecology, animal and plant evolution, earthquake hazards & neotectonics, volcanic hazards…” “…The electron microprobe is the primary analytical tool for tephrochronology. It is most commonly used to analyze the glass fraction of tephra for major and minor element abundances and thereby provide a chemical fingerprint which allows ash from different eruptions to be uniquely identified…” For more information see |
Geology, Physical Geology, Structural Geology,
Petrology, Sedimentary Geology, Stratigraphy,
Geodynamics, Marine Geology, Coastal Geology, etc.
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rocks and minerals and for every element. All search results are sortable and may be downloaded in the format of your choice. Both experimental and empirical data are included in this extensive compilation…” For more information see
For more information see
melt inclusions, with emphasis on basalts and abyssal peridotites. PetDB contains major, trace-element, and isotope ratios for samples from mid-ocean ridge basalts, back-arc basins, young near-ridge seamounts, and old oceanic crust…” For more information see
Bournemouth Cliffs (Eocene); Bridport Area; Chesil Beach – General Introduction to the Tombolo; Osmington Mills and Corallian; Isle of Portland; etc… For more information see
Aggregates – Quarry
Rock Cycle
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Physical Geology
Igneous Rocks & Volcanoes; Weathering & Soils; Sedimentary Rocks; Metamorphic Rocks; Deformation of Rock; Mass Wasting; Streams; Groundwater; Wind Action; etc…” For more information see
Basic Mineral Chemistry; Mineral Classification; Plate Tectonics and Volcanism; Volcanic Landforms; Extrusive Igneous Rocks; Soils and Sediment; Rivers and Deltas; Lithification; Bedding and Attitude; Rock Deformation; Folds; Agents of Metamorphism; Regional Metamorphism; Retrograde Metamorphism; etc…” For more information see
Sedimentary Rocks; Chemical Compostion; Plate Tectonics; The Rock Cycle; etc…” Clastic Sediments
Classification of Clastic Sediments; Diagenesis and Lithification; Types of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks; etc…” Mountain Building
Continent Collisions; Plate Tectonics and Orogeneses; Exhumation; Evolution of Continental Crust; Evolution of Fennosandia; The Caldedonian Orogeny; etc…” Earth’s Crust
The Structure and Composition of Earth; The Internal Heat of the Earth; etc…” Introduction to Weathering
Weathering Material; Controls on Weathering; etc…” For more information see Structural Geology Courses
Coordinate Systems; Introduction to Deformation; Strain I, II & III; Vectors & Tensors; Deformation Mechanisms; Flow Laws & State of Stress in the Lithosphere; Joints & Veins; Faults; etc…” Structural Geology Lectures 21-37 – PDF, 123 Pages
Faults: Mechanics of Thrust Faults; Folds: Geometry, Kinematics, Dynamics; Planar Minor Structures; Thrust Systems; Strike-Splip Fault Systems For more information see
Fractures and folds; Stress and strain; Isostasy & Cross sections ; etc…” For more information see Structural Geology Atlases, Databases, Courses, Lectures, Lessons, Animations, Simulations, Videos
Faults; Experimental Modeling: Extension; Folds; Strain; Experimental Modeling: Shortening & Strain; Foliations and lineations; Ductile shear zones and kinematic indicators; Joints and veins; Extensional tectonics; Salt tectonics; Experimental Modeling: Strike Slip & Strain; Strike-slip tectonics; Fold and thrust belts; Primary structures, contacts & other structures; etc…” For more information see
and information about the Geology of Arizona, Landscapes of the Southwest, structural geology…” For more information see
Belt Supergroup; Rifting and The Passive Margin; Accreted Terranes; Thrust Belt; Geology of Northern Idaho and The Silver Valley; Basin & Range Province – Tertiary Extension; Pleistocene Glaciation; Watershed Fly-Throughs; etc…” For more information see the
Standard Images; Park Stratigraphy; etc…” For more information see
animations and interactive movies in order to help you learn the three-dimensional nature of geology…” For more information see
digital topography. The site features QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) object movies where the user can spin the 3D geologic map…” For more information see
Most images are QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) object movies, where you can spin the 3D terrain to view it from different perspectives…” For more information see
and QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) movies, created from Digital Elevation Models (DEM’s)…” For more information see |
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Petrology Courses & Lectures
General Classification of Igneous Rocks; The Interior of Earth and Formation of Magmas; Magmatic Differentiation; Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages; Thermodynamics and Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages; Metamorphic Reactions; etc…” For more information see Petrography Courses, Lectures & Databases
Sediment Classification; Bedform Development; Sedimentary Structures; Sedimentary Facies; Near Shore Environments; Alluvial Fans; Provenance; Sandy Fluvial Systems; Volcaniclastic Petrography; Evaporites/Tidal Flats; Skeletal Allochems; Allochems and reefs; etc…” For more information see Carbonate Petrology Courses & Lectures
facies, sequences, hydrocabon plays, photomicrographs, and exercises related to thin sections of carbonate rocks, etc…” “…provides access to photomicrographs and a series of exercises related to over 240 different thin sections of carbonate rocks. Some 1,700 images were captured, and as a result some thin sections have over ten images associated with them…” Examples of “Carbonate Petrology” Course Subject Categories include
Diagenesis and Porosity of Carbonates; Diagrams that track Carbonate Diagenesis; Depostitional Setting and Geometry of Carbonate Facies; Photomicrographs and diagrams that view Carbonate Particles; Galleries of Carbonate Porosity; Evolution of Carbonate Sequences; etc…” For more information see Coal & Carbon Compounds Petrology Atlases & Databases & Petrology Fly Ash Atlases & Database
Petroleum Cokes – Petroleum Coke Petrology; Quinoline Insolubles – Quinoline Insoluble Residues; Graphites; Combustion Chars – Coal Combustion Chars; Coal Macerals; Fly Ash; etc…” For more information see the
Liptinite
Sporinite; etc…” Inertinite
Micrinite; Macrinite; Fusinite; etc…” For more information see
Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Courses & Lectures
Phase Rule and Binary systems; Trace Element and Isotopes; Magma Generation; Magma Diversification; Layered Mafic Intrusions; Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts; Oceanic Intraplate Volcanism; Continental Arcs; Granitoid Rocks; Continental Alkaline Magmatism ; Introduction to Metamorphism; Metamorphic Textures; Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages; Metamorphic Reactions; Thermodynamics and Geothermobarometry; Metamorphism of Calcareous and Ultramafic Rocks; Metamorphic Fluids, Mass Transfer, and Metasomatism; etc…” For more information see Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor
melt inclusions, with emphasis on basalts and abyssal peridotites. PetDB contains major, trace-element, and isotope ratios for samples from mid-ocean ridge basalts, back-arc basins, young near-ridge seamounts, and old oceanic crust…” For more information see
Bedform Experiments Animations & Movies; etc…” Forecasting Techniques, Underlying Physics, and Applications includes
Complication of Unsteady Forcing; Examples; etc…” Software available for download. For more information see the
Ripple Migration Movie; Bedload Transport Movie; Oscillation Ripples Movie; Cliff Retreat by Beach Erosion Movie; Subaqueous Debris Flow Movie; Platte River Sedimentation Movie; etc…” For more information see
Physics of Sedimentation; Sedimentary Structures; Siliciclastic Rocks; Carbonate Sediments and Rocks; Cherts and Evaporites; Diagenesis; Paleontology; Depositional Environments; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary Basins; etc…” For more information see
Stratotypes and Type Localities; Lithostratigraphic Units; Biostratigraphic Units; Chronostratigraphic Units; Magnetostratigraphic polarity units; etc…” For more information see the
use a variety of strategies to interpret the origin of these rocks and predict the extent of their lithofacies and rock character…” Examples of “Sequence Stratigraphy” Courses, Lectures, Technical Reports, etc. include
Sedimentary Depositional Systems; Sequence Stratigraphy Movies, Animations, & Image Gallery; Sequence Stratigraphy Terminology; Carbonates; Deepwater Systems; Depositional Analogues; etc…” For more information see
Deepwater Clastic Systems Sediments; Deepwater Fans & Mass Transport Debris – Sedimentary Structures; Deepwater Fans & Mass Transport Debris – Architectural Configuration; etc…” For more information see
Parasequences; Parasequence Sets and Stacking Patterns; Depositional Sequences; Surfaces; Chronostratigraphic Applications; etc…” For more information see
the entire Triassic age section (Chinle and Moenkopi formations) at Petrified Forest National Park (PFNP), Arizona, USA, one of the most famous and best studied successions of the continental Triassic in the World…” “…will provide a quantitatively sound reference section in which magnetostratigraphic, geochronological, environmental, and paleontologic data are registered to a common thickness scale with unquestioned superposition and…” For more information see the
Global Tectonic Observations; Radial Earth Structure; Marine Magnetic Anomalies; Cooling of the Oceanic Lithosphere; Buoyancy of the lithosphere: Cooling of a lava lake Video Clips; Isostasy and Crustal Thickness; Flexure Theory; Reference Gravity; Gravity Anomalies; etc…” For more information see
Subduction Zones; Lithosphore; Flows; Dispositional Systems; Shorelines; etc…” For more information see COASTAL GEOLOGY – C.H. Fletcher III, Coastal Geology Group, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii Multimedia Coastal Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY…EXTENSIVE. Examples of “Coastal Geology” Course Lectures include
Modern Sea Level Rise; Coastal Classification; Quaternary Dating Methods; Coastal Processes and Landforms; Barrier Islands; Holocene Sea Level Rise; Hawaii Reefs; Coastal Erosion; etc…” For more information see the
Electronmagnetic Spectrum; Characteristics X-rays; Cathodoluminescence; Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation; etc. Instrumentation
Electron Sources; Introduction to Magnetic Lenses; etc. Detection of Signals
Backscattered Electron Detection; Secondary Electron Detection; etc. Statistics; For more information see the |
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CHEMICAL ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
FOR ENTOMOLOGY (INSECTS & PESTS) DATABASES, COURSES, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE
Biology, Taxonomy and Systematics Software; Simulation of Animal Behavior/Chemical Ecology Software including
Bark Beetle Dispersal in Forests; Predicting Mean Dispersal Distance of Population; etc. For more information see
Number caught on pheromone trap; Radius of passive trap; Estimated trap interception percentage of all flight levels; Estimated average insect speed…”
Female Radius; etc…”
Total Time or Distance Units; Sample Length in Units; etc…”
ECOSYSTEMS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
Diversity Metrics; Population Growth Models; etc…” For more information see
GrassWorld; BacSim (models microbial ecology; etc…” For more information see POPULATION ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
and at the same time supply a minimal set of formulas to describe the relationship between practical observations and genetic theory. In addition to the description of traits with simple Mendelian inheritance, the description of the genetics for traits (diseases) with multifactoriel aetiology has also been emphasized, here the application of correct breeding plans make it possible to significantly lower the frequency of the disease…” Examples of “Population Genetics” Course Chapters include
Hardy-Weinberg law for gene frequency stability in large populations; Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; Relationship and inbreeding; Test of simple genetic hypotheses, experimental or field data; Definition of quantitative traits, breeding values and heritability; Estimation of breeding values; Inbreeding, crossing and bred structure; etc…” For more information see
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Fresh Water Fish Habitats
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Columbia Basin Water & Fisheries Project Fish Protection at Water Diversions
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Fish Habitats FISH HABITAT DATABASES, COURSES, LESSONS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), ETC.
WATERSHED DATABASES, COURSES, LESSONS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), ETC. STREAM FLOW DATABASES, COURSES, LESSONS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), ETC.
Water Runoff: Long-Term Impact Assessments Tools
user along with thirty years of precipitation data to determine the average impact that a particular land use change or set of changes…” Water Runoff Tools INPUT Values include:
Area in
Land Use
Water/Wetlands; Grass/Pasture; Agriculture; Forest; Custom Land Use…” Hydrologic Soil Groups…” For more information see
the spatial data generated by the Fish Health Centers…” For more information see the
fish biologists in the evaluation and design of culverts for fish passage….” Examples of FishXing features include
Calculates hydraulic conditions within circular, box, pipe-arch, open-bottom arch, and embedded culverts; Calculates water surface profiles through the culvert using gradually varied flow equations, including hydraulic jumps; etc…” For more information see
small dams and water diversion structures by providing fish exclusion alternatives. This manual is addressed to the water user community involved in assessing, recommending, and designing appropriate fish exclusion facilities at water diversion structures…” Examples of “Fish Protection at Water Diversions Manual – A Guide for Planning and Designing Fish Exclusion Facilities” Chapters include
Overview of Fish Exclusion; Positive Barrier Screens; Behavioral Barriers; Post-Construction Evaluation; etc…” For more information see
Fish Protection Criteria; Instrumentation; Types of Hydraulic Screen Evaluations; etc…” For more information see
in an applet called Visiflow, and the user has a number of options about the connection between the reservoirs…” For more information see
Xenon, 222Rn, Oxygen, Nitrogen, N2O, NO, CO, CO2, SO2, Chlorine, Cl2O, ClO2, Ethane, Propane, Butane, H2Se, H2S, & CH4…” Input Temperature, Air Pressure or Saturation Percentatge; etc. For more information see
Ammonia Spreadsheet (Freshwater)
temperature, pH, and ionic composition…” For more information see the
tallied by size class, produce tables and graphs, and perform statistical analysis using contingency tables and the Pearson chi-squared statistic…” For more information see
Water Density Calculator INPUT Values include:
Conductance at 20 Degrees; Conductance at 25 Degrees; Density; Water Depth; Density in Depth; Temperature at Maximum Density…” For more information see
FLUID DYNAMICS RELATED CENTERS FOR MORE FLUID DYNAMICS COURSES, DATABASES, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE FOR RELATED FLUID DYNAMICS, ETC. COURSES, DATABASES, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE GEOPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODELLING, RESEARCH, DATABASES, ETC.
Climate Diagnostics; Climate Change, Variability and Prediction; Oceans and Climate; Weather and Atmospheric Dynamics; etc..” FLUID DYNAMICS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Fluid Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Ocean Courses, Lectures, etc.
The Stress Tensor for a Fluid and the Navier Stokes Equations; Frictional boundary layers; Fundamental Theorems: Vorticity and Circulation; Geostrophy, Quasi-Geostrophy; Internal Waves and Instabilities; etc…” For more information see
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Geography & Topography
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Geography & Topography
Maps, Remote Sensing, and GIS; The Science of Physical Geography; Introduction to Systems Theory; Energy and Matter; Introduction to the Atmosphere; Introduction to the Hydrosphere; etc…” For more information see the
Communications, etc…” For more information see the
help everyone to better understand global environmental systems…”
combine imagery, 3D geography, maps, and business data to get the total picture in seconds…”
elevation data on a near-global scale to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth…”
and the only company operating a constellation of sub-meter commercial imaging satellites…”
Zoom in and out, search for places and add your own locations to a map…These formats are vector based graphic formats which overcome resolution limitations usually found with JPEG or GIF formats. You can select and edit single objects or groups of lines, points or polygons and change graphic attributes such as size and color…”
and Cartesian data sets (including filtering, trend fitting, gridding, projecting, etc.) and producing Encapsulated PostScript File (EPS) illustrations ranging from simple x-y plots via contour maps to artificially illuminated surfaces and 3-D perspective views. GMT supports ~30 map projections and transformations and comes with support data such as GSHHS coastlines, rivers, and political boundaries…” For more information see
Geographic Names World Wide
names, sanctioned by the United States Board on Geographic Names. The database also contains variant spellings (cross-references), which are useful for finding purposes….” For more information see the
Australia
U.S.
features of all types in the United States, associated areas, and Antarctica, current and historical, but not including roads and highways. The database holds the Federally recognized name of each feature and defines the feature location by state, county, USGS topographic map, and geographic coordinates…” For more information see the Map Collections
For more information see the Topography Databases
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GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC.
Transportation Modes; International Trade and Freight Distribution; Urban Transportation; Transportation and the Economy; Transport, Energy and Environment; Transport Geography Glossary; etc…” For more information see GLOBAL REGIONAL PALEOGEOGRAPHIC MAPS
ancient Earth through hundreds of millions of years of geologic time, including distribution of ancient shallow seas, deep ocean basins, mountain ranges, coastal plains, and continental interiors. Tectonic features shown include subduction zones, island arcs, mid-ocean ridges and accreting terranes…” For more information see
GEODESY – GEODYNAMICS REALTED CENTERS FOR SURVEYING COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE GEODESY, GEODYNAMICS, GIS & REMOTE SENSING DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES GIS DICTIONARY – Esri Multimedia GIS Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the Esri
GEODESY – GEODYNAMICS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Undergraduate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) & Remote Sensing Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, etc.
Digital Terrain Analysis; Spatial Overlays and Querying; Neighborhood Analyses; Shape Analyses; Fuzzy Logic; Remote Sensing Data; Image Processing; GPS and Remote Data Collection; etc…” For more information see the
Geographical Data Structures; Geographical Data Analysis; Spatial Queries and Measurement; Cartographic Output; etc…” For more information see the Global Positioning Systems Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, etc.
Satellite orbits; GPS Observables – Global Positioning System Observables; GPS Signal Propagation – Global Positioning System Propagation; GPS parameter estimation; GPS measurement strategies; etc…” For more information see the
Coordinate and Time Systems; GPS Satellite Orbits; Continue Estimation now Examining it from a Statistical Point of View; Kalman Filter approach to Estimation; Timing in GPS; Tropospheric Delay Estimation; Antennas and Calibrations; Processing Software; etc…” For more information see
study of earthquake hazards, tectonic plate motion, crustal deformation, and meteorology…” For more information see Graduate Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, etc.
Modeling of particle optical characteristics with Mie theory. Remote sensing based on direct solar radiation. AERONET.; Remote sensing of aerosols in the visible and near-IR.; Passive microwave remote sensing: retrievals of total precipitable water and cloud liquid water; Principles of active remote sensing: Lidars. Lidar sensing of gases, aerosols, and clouds.; etc…” For more information see Graduate & Scientists Remote Sensing Technical Reports
National Spatial Reference System: Datums, Networks, Coordinate Systems Operations, Field Procedures; Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, Shoreline Mapping Special Projects; etc…” For more information see the REMOTE SENSING, SURVEY, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY INSTRUMENTS FOR ATMOPHERIC MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS INCLUDING SATELLITE INSTRUMENTS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE FOR SEISMOLOGY INSTRUMENTS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE GEODESY, GEODYNAMICS, GEOMATICS, GIS TOOLS, CALCULATORS, ETC.
UPS, MGRS, geocentric, and local cartesian coordinates, for gravity (e.g., EGM2008), geoid height, and geomagnetic field (e.g., WMM2010) calculations, and…” For more information see
universal transverse Mercator (UTM) or universal polar stereographic (UPS) coordinates, and the military grid reference system (MGRS)…”
between two points on the ellipsoid at (lat1, lon1) and (lat2, lon2) is called the geodesic; its length is s12 and the geodesic from point…” “…is accurate to about 15 nm and gives solutions for the inverse problem for any pair of points…”
“…In polyline mode, Planimeter calculates the length of the geodesic path joining the points…”
“…The inverse problem: specify the two end points as…”
interpolation in a grid of values for the earth gravity models…”
tool for computing the geodetic azimuth and ellipsoidal distance between two points given their latitudes and longitudes…” FORWARD
(latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds) of a point given the geodetic position of a beginning point and…” INVERS3D
on a flat grid for easy computation while maintaining a difference between geodetic and grid distance of one part in 10,000 or better…”
gravity at specified geographic position and topographic height…”
and orthometric elevations of a specific survey control mark can be viewed graphically…”
Area Conversion Calculator; DegMinSec to DecDeg Calculator; DecDeg to DegMinSec Calculator; Scale Calculator; Degrees to Radians Calculator; Time to GPS Seconds Calculator…” For more information see the
GEOMAGNETISM COURSES, LECTURES, ETC.
Fisher Statistics; Paleomagnetic Tensors; The Ancient Geomagnetic Field; The GPTS and Magnetostratigraphy; etc…” Examples of “Essentials of Paleomagnetism” Appendices include
Plots useful in Paleomagnetism; Paleomagnetic Statistics and Parameter Rstimation; Anisotropy in Paleomagnetism; etc…” For more information see
GEOMAGNETIC REAL-TIME DATA
For more information see the GEOMAGNETIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
parameters and transformation from the GEOcentric spherical (geographic) coordinates to the Corrected GeoMagnetic (CGM) coordinates and vice versa…” For more information see
various standard spherical harmonic fits…” For more information see
interface (GUI) that enables the user to select the desired parameters for map plotting and geomagnetic field calculation…” MAGNETICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
profile across a two dimensional subsurface structure of arbitrary strike direction and shape in a vertical cross section…” For more information see
very simple system. In Ising model interacting spins (magnet vectors) occupy lattice sites. Every spin…” For more information see LINEAR INVERSION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
to find a distribution of a physical property that caused a set of physical measurements recorded in a field survey…” Linear Inversion Calculator INPUT Values include:
Click on either L-curve, Chifact, GCV or Beta…” For more information see MAGNETIC DECLINATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
calculate values of magnetic declination…” For more information see the MAGNETIC DIPOLE CALCULATORS & APPLETS
at the ground’s surface, caused by a small buried dipolar magnet. In geophysics, this simulates the observed anomaly over a buried susceptible sphere that is magnetized by the Earth’s magnetic field…” For more information see |
Geochemistry
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Geochemistry Geochemistry Databases & Geochemical Modelling Geochemistry Calculators, Animations, Simulations, etc.
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GEOCHEMISTRY RELATED CENTERS FOR CHEMISTRY COURSES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE THE GEOCHEMISTRY COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Undergraduate Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, etc.
as Geo-Thermometer/Barometer; Weathering and Soil Formation; Hydrologic Cycle; Marine Chemistry and Chemical Cycles; Marine Sediments; Crust and Mantle Evolution; etc…” For more information see
Mineral Equilibrium; Acid-base Geochemistry; Carbonate Chemistry; Redox Geochemistry; Geomicrobiology; Chemistry of Natural Waters; Groundwater Geochemistry; Igneous Petrochemistry; Ore Geochemistry; Sorption; etc…” For more information see
X-ray Diffraction Data Processing; Hydrous Layered Silicates; Ionic Radii and Structural Formula Calculations; Associated Mineral Phases and their XRD Identification; XRD Identification of Discrete Clay Minerals (Illite, Chlorite, Kaolinite, Smectite, Vermiculite) Mixed-layer Clays and their XRD Identification; Quantitative XRD Analysis of Mineral Mixtures; Reicprocal Lattice, Electron Diffraction; Electron Optics; The Geochemistry of Clays; Equilibrium Adsorption and Ion Exchange; Weathering Reactions and Stability Diagrams; etc…” For more information see Isotope Geochemistry
Earth Formation and Evolution; Stable Isotopes; Ocean Applications; etc. For more information see Graduate Geochemistry Databases, Courses, Lectures, etc.
Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc…”
Isotope Cosmochemistry; Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Mantle; Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Crust; Stable Isotopes II High Temperature Applications; Stable Isotope Geochemistry III Low Temperature Applications; Unconventional Stable Isotope Approaches and Systems; etc…” For more information see
FOR CHEMICAL KINETICS DATABASES, COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE FOR RELATED GEOCHEMISTRY DATABASES, COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE
geochemical calculations. PHREEQC is based on an ion-association aqueous model and has capabilities for (1) speciation and saturation-index calculations; (2) batch-reaction and one-dimensional (1D) transport calculations involving reversible reactions, which include aqueous, mineral, gas, solid-solution, surface-complexation, and ion-exchange equilibria, and irreversible reactions, which include specified mole transfers of reactants, kinetically controlled reactions, mixing of solutions, and temperature changes; and (3) inverse modeling, which…” For more information see the
Rocks and Minerals Database
Other Reservoir Databases include:
Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles; Interplanetary Dust Particles; etc…” For more information see
isotopic data as well as extensive “metadata” for rocks, minerals and melt/fluid inclusions…” For more information see the
Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc…”
Cosmogenic Isotopes Calculators
Beryllium-10/Aluminium-26 Surface Erosion Rate Calculator:
Geometric Shielding Calculator:
For more information see the Radioactivity of Minerals Calculators FOR MORE RADIATION, RADIOACTIVITY CALCULATORS, DATABASES, ETC. SEE
Calculated Activity: Becquerel/kilogram; Calculated Activity: Curie/gram; Estimate Activity: GR(api); Estimate Activity: mRem/hr per gram…” For more information see Stable Isotope Fractionation Calculators
Compute the isotope equilibrium temperature for a difference in composition (Δ)…” For more information see the Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems FOR MORE URANIUM CALCULATORS, DATABASES, ETC. SEE
two parallel Uranium Series decay chains 238U->230Th->226Ra and 235U->231Pa in a one dimensional upwelling and melting column…” The purpose of the site is to provide a tool that can spur additional collaborations between geophysicists and geochemists as well as drive more rapid exploration/evolution of U-series models…” Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems includes
Contour Plots Calculator; Spreadsheet Calculator…” For more information see |
Geophysics
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Undergraduate Geophysics: Applied Geophysics
of physical properties beneath the surface of the earth. These methods are used by geologists, hydrologists and reservoir, soils and geotechnical engineers to locate subsurface features…” Applied Geophysics Course Chapters & Subchapters include:
Density of minerals, soils and rocks; Gravity anomalies of simple shapes; etc…” Magnetic Method
Magnetic anomalies; Magnetometers; etc…” DC Electric Methods
DC Electrical Methods (the Resistivity Method); Electrical conductivity of rocks and minerals; etc…” Electromagnetic Methods
Seismic Methods
Seismic velocity, attenuation and rock properties; etc…” For more information see
Undergraduate Geophysics: Geophysical Inversion
give them an understanding of the underlying theory and an ability to recognize and tackle inverse problems in the geosciences or more generally. Areas to be covered include: The theory behind Linear, Linearized and Nonlinear inverse problems; Techniques for fitting models to data;…” Examples of “An introduction to Geophysical Inverse Problems” Course Lectures include
Linearized Inverse Problems; Singular Value Decomposition; Regularizing Inverse Problems; Cross-Validation; Iterative Methods; Probabilistic Inference; etc…” For more information see the
The Inversion Process; Inversion Flow…” Inversion Theory
Understanding Data; Norms and Misfit; Optimization; Theory into Practice; etc…” For more information see the
3D DC Resistivity and Induced Polarization Manual; 3D Magnetics Manual; 3D Gravity Manual; 1D frequency Domain Electromagnetics Technical Background; etc…” For more information see the Undergraduate Geophysics: Borehole Geophysics
made in wells or test holes. Probes that measure different properties are lowered into the borehole to collect continuous or point data that is graphically displayed as a geophysical log. Multiple logs typically are collected to take advantage of their synergistic nature…” Examples of “Introduction to Borehole Geophysics” Lectures include
Definition of Ground-Water Quality; Caliper Logs; Gamma Logs; Single-point resistance Logs; Spontaneous-potential Logs; Normal-resistivity Logs; Electromagnetic-induction Logs; Fluid-resistivity Logs; Temperature Logs; Flowmeter Logs; Television Logs; etc…” For more information see the
and monitoring methods and on the testing of newly developed and emerging geophysical technologies…” Examples of “Borehole-Geophysical Methods” Textbooks Categories include
Borehole Electromagnetic (EM) Induction logging; Borehole Imaging; Borehole Radar; Deviation; Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT); Spectral Gamma; etc…” For more information see
Seismic-While-Drilling Pilot Sensor; Digital Core Barrel Measurements…” Data Acquistion includes
BRG High-Resolution Depth Counter; etc…” For more information see the |
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Graduate Geophysics: Sea-ice Geophysics
Sea-ice phase diagram, equations of state and solute segregation; Microphysics and microstructural evolution: the evolution of sea-ice salinity profiles and their impact on macroscopic ice properties; Sea-ice optical and electromagnetic properties; Sea-ice thermal properties; The problem of scales: macroscopic ice strength and its relevance for large-scale ice dynamics; Sea-ice remote sensing; etc…” For more information see the
Permeability and fluid transport; Transport and property modeling; Electrical properties and charge transport; Transport and rock properties in magmatic systems; Dielectric properties of porous rocks and sea ice; etc…” For more information see
Sea ice thickness, morphology and deformation; Ice-core and in-situ measurements of sea-ice physical properties; Ice engineering properties; Ice-ocean interaction, heat and nutrient exchange; Integrated sea-ice observing systems; etc…” For more information see the |
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between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates in the western United States. Data from PBO’s integrated network of GPS stations, strainmeters and seismometers, coupled with aerial and satellite imagery, are providing important temporal constraints on…” For more information see
tectonic stress data from the Earth’s crust…” World Stress Map’s main operational areas for stress in application are
Tectonic Modelling; Reservoir Management; Stability of Mines, Tunnels and Boreholes, Fault Slip Tendency & Seismic Risk Assessment…” For more information see the
Seismometer Calibration Calculator; 2D-Magnetics Calculator; Magnetic Dipole Calculator; Gravity Meter Calculator; Normalized Frequency Response of a Seismometer Calculator; Free Motion of the Moving Mass of a Seismometer Calculator; LP Seismometer Calculator; Ray Paths Calculator; Electric Sounding Calculator; Geothermics Calculator; Huygens’ Priciple Calculator; etc…” For more information see GEOPHYSICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
multicomponent seismic data…” For more information see
visually ‘explore’ Zoeppritz equation solutions with various parameter inputs…”
of AVO-related approximations to the P-P reflection co-efficient for any combination of earth properties…”
in petroleum exploration….” |
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GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. Geomorphology
Stream Sediment; Channel Patterns; Weathering Processes and Landforms; Karst Processes and Landforms; Glacial Processes and Landforms; Mass Wasting; etc…” For more information see
Weathering Processes; Mass Wasting; Streams; Slopes; Glaciers; Igneous Landforms – Volcanic and Plutonic Landforms; Coasts; etc…” For more information see Tectonic Geomorphology
Large scale Climate-Tectonic Interactions; Climate-Tectonic Interactions – Bedrock Channels; General commentary, Earthquake displacement fields, and Introduction to the San Andreas Fault; Dip-slip Dislocations; Earthquake Surface Ruptures; Earthquake Moment and Intensity; etc…” For more information see
GEOTHERMICS CALCULATORS & APPLETS
properties and for simplified boundary conditions: Surface; Dike; Contact; Pizza & Wave…” For more information see MINERAL THERMOBAROMETRY CALCULATORS & APPLETS
petrology students interested in extracting pressure-temperature information from rocks. It is assumed that you have completed a typical undergraduate petrology course…” Examples of “Mineral Thermobarometry” Course Lessons include
Chemical Mineralogy of Common Mineral Groups; Solid solutions, mixing models and activity calculations; etc…” THERMOCALC
for tackling mineral equilibria problems. It has two main components: the application itself, and the internally-consistent thermodynamic dataset it uses…” For more information see |
Glaciology, Cryosphere, Glacial Geology,
Quaternary Geology, Ice, Snow, Glaciers, Icebergs
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usually as snow or ice. This includes sea ice, freshwater ice, snow, glaciers, and frozen ground (or permafrost). For more information see the
been expanded. Each term is illustrated by what we consider to be a good example of that particular feature. A caption below each photograph explains where, and sometimes in what year, the photograph was taken…” For more information see
glaciers from all over the world. The primary goal of our project is to enrich and stimulate the teaching of Earth Science and Physical Geography, in particular glaciology…” Examples of Galciers Online Categories & Subcategories include
Fluctuating Glaciers; Glaciers and Volcanoes; Shaping the Landscape; Glacier Hazards; etc…” Glaciers of the Alps; For more information see
Database. A number of different layers in this interface can be viewed and spatially queried including: GLIMS Glacier Outlines, ASTER Footprints, Regional Center Locations, the World Glacier Inventory, and others…” For more information see
Photo Gallery: Greenland; Photo Gallery: Iceland; Photo Gallery: Iceland; etc…” For more information see
maintains a large library collection, publishes Glaciological Data, New Accessions List, and NSIDC Notes, archives glacier photos, and supports snow and ice research…”
Data updated Daily. For more information see
java applet which will display detailed maps of ice core data locations, and allow users to display, graph…” For more information see the
Equilibrium Line Altitude & Mass Balance; Ice and Snow Facies, Thermal Regime of Glaciers; The Role of Water in Glaciofluvial Systems; Glacier Flow and Ice Profiles; Subglacial Erosion and Entrainment; Glacial Tills; etc…” Examples of “Glacial Geology” Videos include
Glacial Calving; etc…” For more information see
Glacial Geomorphology; Modern Glacial Processes; Glacial Megageomorphology; Glaciomarine Environments; Quaternary Chronology; Quaternary Paleoclimatology; Glacial Climatic Conditions; Regional Glaciation; etc…” For more information see
both polar maritime (influenced by the ocean) and continental…” For more information see
Properties of snow, energy/water budgets; Snowfall Formation, Distribution & Snowcover Distribution; Formation and Distribution of Snowcover; Remote Sensing of Snow; ‘ Snowpack Properties, Evolution and Ablation; Measurement and Data Analysis; Sea Ice; etc…” For more information see the
and how these remarkably complex and beautiful structures appear, quite literally, out of thin air…” Example of “Snow Crystals” Course Sections include
Frost Crystals; Snowflake Physics; etc…” For more information see
For more information see the
for the dynamics of valley glaciers…” For more information see |
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LANDSLIDE COURSES, LESSONS, TECHNICAL REPORTS, ANIMATIONS, SIMULATIONS, ETC.
The giant submarine Alika debris slide, Mauna Loa, Hawaii; etc…” For more information see
DEBRIS FLOW CALCULATORS & APPLETS
or debris flows, with a distinction made largely to recognize the form of movement along the event path. Where initial movement occurs as a slide, it often progresses quickly to a flow. Debris flows are a common natural hazard in mountainous terrain…” UBCDFLOW – Debris Flow Calculator
an open slope; confined flow (CF) in a gully channel; and transition flow (TF) deemed to occur immediately upon exiting a gully channel onto an open slope…” For more information see LANDSLIDE PREDICTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
Typhoon Meteorological Condition of Landslide Disasters Calculator Typhoon Meteorological Condition of Landslide Disasters Calculator is
condition related to landslide disasters with Typhoons…”
condition related to landslide disasters with Typhoons…” |
Mineralogy
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Mineral Spectroscopy Databases ~ Mineralogy Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Optical Mineralogy Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc.
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species descriptions…” “…Mineral data for individual species are linked to mineral tables by crystallography, crystal structures, X-Ray powder diffraction, chemical composition, physical and optical properties, Dana’s New classification,…”
approximately 350,000 mineral specimens and 10,000 gems, making it one of the largest of its kind in the world…” Mineral Sciences Collections include
Meteorites with Images; Rocks and Ores with Images…” For more information see the
currently not on display. The information includes a narrative description of the mineral, its complete chemical and physical properties,…” For more information see the
rocks and minerals and for every element. All search results are sortable and may be downloaded in the format of your choice. Both experimental and empirical data are included in this extensive compilation…” For more information see Crystallography of Minerals Databases FOR MORE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY DATABASES, COURSES, LECTURES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE THE
Magnetic Symmetry and Applications; Group – Subgroup Relations of Space Groups; Representation Theory Applications; Subperiodic Groups: Layer, Rod and Frieze Groups Retrieval Tools; Solid State Theory Applications; Structure Utilities; The Bilbao Incommensurate Structures Database; Raman and Hyper-Raman scattering; Point Groups: Retrieval Tools; Plane Groups: Retrieval Tools; The k-vector types and Brillouin zones of the Layers groups; etc…”
Zeolite Databases
searchable database. It also uses a 3D Java applet to display structures and tools to perform XRD powder pattern simulations and largest included sphere analysis…” For more information see
User-controlled animated displays of each framework type; Crystallographic data and simulated powder diffraction patterns for representative materials; Detailed instructions for building models; Descriptions of some families of disordered zeolite structures; etc…” For more information see |
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including mid-infrared data as well as spectra from splib05a and additional visible and near-infrared spectra. The library includes many more minerals, organic and volatile compounds, vegetation, and man-made materials than our previous libraries. The database is over 6,000 web pages, figures, sample images and data listings…” For more information see
about color in minerals and access to data on Mineral Absorption Spectra in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum and Raman spectra of minerals. Most data on the server were obtained in the Caltech mineral spectroscopy labs. Other types of spectroscopic data on minerals are also available…” For more information see
this course is designed to give the student a fundamental background in minerals, necessary to understand earth materials…” Examples of “Earth Materials” Course Lectures include
Crystal Morphology, Crystal Symmetry, Crystallographic Axes; Axial Ratios, Parameters, Miller Indices; Stereographic Projection of Crystal Faces; Twinning, Polymorphism, Polytypism, Pseudomorphism; Physical Properties of Minerals; Properties of Light and Examination of Isotropic Substances; Uniaxial Minerals, Uniaxial Indicatrix, Optic Sign, & Ray Path; Silicate Structures, Structural Formula, Neso-, Cyclo-, and Soro- Silicates; Tectosilicates, Carbonates, Oxides, & Accessory Minerals; etc…” For more information see
X-ray Diffraction Data Processing; Hydrous Layered Silicates; Ionic Radii and Structural Formula Calculations; Associated Mineral Phases and their XRD Identification; XRD Identification of Discrete Clay Minerals (Illite, Chlorite, Kaolinite, Smectite, Vermiculite) Mixed-layer Clays and their XRD Identification; Quantitative XRD Analysis of Mineral Mixtures; Reicprocal Lattice, Electron Diffraction; Electron Optics; The Geochemistry of Clays; Equilibrium Adsorption and Ion Exchange; Weathering Reactions and Stability Diagrams; etc…” For more information see
Generation of X-rays; Generation of X-rays; X-ray scattering, Bragg’s Law and diffraction geometry; Diffraction intensities and relationships to crystal structure and chemistry; Types and sources of errors in diffraction data; Introduction to the analysis of clay minerals; etc…” For more information see
Separation of Silt and Clay by Decantation; Separation of Silt and Clay by Centrifuge; Smear Slide Mounts; Oriented-Aggregate Mounts; Ethylene Glycol Treatment; Lithium Saturation of Smectites; Intercalation of Kaolinite Group Minerals; etc…” Clay Minerals
Illite; Kaolinite Group; Mixed-Layer Clays; Smectite Group; Sepiolite and Palygorskite; Vermiculite…” Clay Mineral Identification Flow Diagram; etc.
Imaging Spectroscopy; Reflection and Absorption; Electronic Processes; Crystal Field Effects; Charge Transfer Absorptions; Vibrational Processes; etc. For more information see
Refractometry; Isotropic Materials; Anisotropic Minerals; Optical Properties; Uniaxial Minerals; Biaxial Minerals; etc…” For more information see |
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MORPHODYNAMICS COURSES, LECTURES, ETC.
TURBIDITY CURRENTS DATABASES, COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. FOR RELATED COURSES, LECTURES, MANUALS, ETC. SEE THE
Relations for the Conservation of Bed Sediment; Threshold of Motion and Suspension; Relations for 1D Bedload Transport; Fluvial Bedforms; Relations for Hydraulic Resistance in Rivers…” Part 2: Morphodynamics of Rivers
Mobile and Static Armor in Gravel-bed Streams; Response of a Sand-bed River to a Dredge Slot; Morphodynamics of Recirculating and Sediment-Feed Flumes; Transportational Cyclic Steps; Morphodynamics of Gravel-Sand Transitions; etc…” Part 3: Fluvial Fans and Fan-deltas
Rivers Ending in 1D Deltas Carrying Sediment Size Mixtures; Modeling of Rivers On 2D in Fan-deltas: Fixed-width Channel(s); Modeling of Rivers On 2D in Fan-deltas: Self-formed Channel(s); etc…” Part 4: Morphodynamics of Subaqueous Fans and Fan-deltas Deposited by Turbidity Currents, and Co-evolving Fluvial/Turbidity Current Fan-deltas. Some examples from over “30” Spreadsheets include
Particle fall velocity calculator; Spreadsheet for backwater calculations in open channel flow; Spreadsheet for calculating the Rouse-Vanoni profile of suspended sediment; Calculator for aggradation and degradation with a migrating bedrock-alluvial transition at the upstream end; Calculator for aggradation and degradation of sediment mixtures in gravel-bed streams; Calculator for evolution of upward-concave bed profiles in rivers carrying sediment mixtures in subsiding basins; etc..” For more information see
Environmental Fluid Mechanics: Theory, Experiments and Applications Course; Morphology, Morphodynamics and Ecology of Mountain Rivers Course; Coastal Morphodynamics Course; Geomorphological Fluid Dynamics Course; etc…” For more information see
developed specifically for gravel-bed rivers. Sediment transport estimates are calculated on the basis of field measurements of channel geometry, reach-average slope, and bed material grain size…” For more information see
Morphologies; Analogies to Rivers; Hydraulics and Sediment Transport; Triggering Mechanisms of Turbidity Currents; Derivation of Governing Equations; Introduction to Turbidity Current Morphodynamics; etc…” For more information see |
Marine Biology
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illustrative materials where apropos. The aim of the CoRIS glossary is to help the student or layperson, as well as the professional scientist and manager, to understand the complex language and terminology of coral reef ecosystem science…” For more information see
marine biology, oceanography, limnology, systematics, palaeontology, parasitology, ecology, hydrology, fisheries, museum studies, angling, aquaculture, slang, dialects of English, folklore, etymology, literature, fish processing, fish technology, fishing vessels, cooking, veterinary science, etc. and the choice of terms to include from such diverse fields is eclectic…” For more information see
authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms, including information on synonymy. While highest priority goes to valid names, other names in use are included so that this register can serve as a guide to interpret taxonomic literature….”
and microbes of North America and the world…”
Comparative Marine Physiology Courses, Lectures & Lessons
Osmoregulation and Ion transport in isopod gills; Osmoregulation and Ion transport in brine shrimp; Osmoregulation and Ion transport in crab gills; Osmoregulation and Ion transport in fish gills; etc…” For more information see |
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Sounds of the Sea Audio Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound
Fish Sounds; Marine Invertebrates Sounds; Nautical Sounds, etc…” For more information see
Whale Sounds Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound
Fin Whale Sounds (Atlantic & Pacific); Humpback Whale (Alaska); etc…” For more information see
Fish Databases
For more information see
around the world to share and distribute data on specimen holdings…”
radiographs, and original illustrations…” For more information see
countries with fast and easy access to all information relevant to the identification and rearing of fish larvae for aquaculture and stock enhancement and for the conservation and re-establishment of fish biodiversity…” Fish Anatomy
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from video still captures, digitized 35 mm slides, and pilot camera photos. The guide serves as a taxonomic reference of all deepwater animals encountered during submersible and ROV dives over HURL’s 30 year history…” For more information see the
For more information see
chameleon plus change texture and body shape, has three hearts pumping blue blood, is jet powered, has members in all oceans of the world – from the tropics to the poles…”
catch and taxonomic data on all living species of cephalopods (octopus, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus)…” For more information see
illustrative materials where apropos. The aim of the CoRIS glossary is to help the student or layperson, as well as the professional scientist and manager, to understand the complex language and terminology of coral reef ecosystem science…” For more information see
Mapping coral reefs; Monitoring change on coral reefs; Sediment studies; etc…” For more information see
geographic distribution of extant hexacorallians members of cnidarian orders Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, Ptychodactiaria, and Zoanthidea (sea anemones in the loose sense), Ceriantharia (tube anemones), and Scleractinia (hard or stony corals)…” For more information see |
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General Topics
General biology, ecology and evolution; Interstitial (and other microscopic) opisthobranch groups; Life history, reproduction, mating and eggs; Localities and geographic regions; etc…” Other animals (including slug food and animals that look like slugs); For more information see the
40,000 bibliographic items, 143,000 distributional records…” Algaebase includes:
algae are included, although the data for marine organisms are the most complete. Blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), rhodophytes, phaeophytes, chlorophytes, euglenophytes, etc…” For more information see the
are marine algae: saltwater-dwelling, simple organisms that fall into the rather outdated category of “plants”. Most of them are the green (about 1200 species), brown (about 1750 species) or red (about 6000 species) kinds illustrated on this page, and…” For more information see the
are assembled in a catalogue with the taxa arranged according to an assumed phylogenetic scheme to the rank of order…” For more information see
explored by laboratory modules using sea urchin eggs and a web site developed by teachers and Stanford University researchers…” For more information see
For more information see
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Oceanography & Marine Geochemistry
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Typical Distributions/Ocean Structure; Dynamics (Momentum, Rotation & Geostrophy); Waves; Tsunamis; Tides; Internal Waves; Atmospheric Circulation/Surface Forcing; Pacific Ocean Subtropical Circulation; Indian Ocean (Monsoons, Subtropical, Overturning); Southern Ocean; etc…” For more information see
because it has strong interactions with a large number of other sciences of very different characteristics…” Examples of “An Introduction to Physical Oceanography” Course Lectures include
The Global Oceanic Heat and Mass (freshwater) budgets; Depth Distribution of Temperature, Salinity and Mutrients; Aspects of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics; Thermohaline Processes, Water Masses; Wave Classification, Dispersion, Wind Waves; Long waves: Tsunamis, Seiches, Internal Waves; etc. For more information see
Stable Isotopes; Radioactive Isotopes and Decay; Gases and Gas Exchange; Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Reactions; Principles of Mass Balance – Box Models; Primary Production – Nutrient Stoichiometry; Redox reactions; Respiration; Ocean Nitrogen Cycle; etc…” For more information see
Temperature; Salinity; Density; General Ocean Circulation; Major Elements in the Ocean; Trace Elements in the Ocean; Marine Chemical Mass Balance (Box and Transport Reaction Models); The Biological Pump; Particle Flux; Remineralization Acid-Base Reactions; Carbonate Chemistry; Marine Sediments; Marine Sediments & Stable Isotopes; etc…” For more information see
Solute Transport; Particle Accumulation Rates; Organc Matter Decomposition; Oxic Decomposition; Denitrification and the Sedimentary Nitrogen Cycle; Carbonate Chemistry; Metabolic Calcite Dissolution; Permeable Sediments; etc…” For more information see
Organic Geochemistry Methods – Mass Spectrometry; Composition of DOC; Microbial BGC and DOC; Terrestrial OM in the Oceans Carbon Preservation in Sediment; Radiocarbon in Organic Materials; etc…” For more information see
Photosynthetic biomass and marine phytoplankton; Dissolved organics matter; Plankton respiration and community metabolism; ; Pelagic Consumers-Energetics; Pelagic Community Ecology-Methods; Fisheries Oceanography; Fisheries Oceanography – Management; Suspension Feeding; Reproduction and recruitment; Distribution patterns: Depth Zonation; etc…” For more information see
particular module covers simulated/synthetic satellite imagery…” “…Learning objectives include
2) Introduce how the use of synthetic/simulated satellite imagery from NWP can aid in the forecast process of cloud cover,low cloud/fog, convection and extra-tropical cyclogenesis, 3) How to verify synthetic / simulated satellite imagery with GOES-R imagery…” For more information see
Equilibrium Concepts Video Lectures; Atmospheric Chemistry Video Lecture; Dissolved Gases Video Lecture; Carbonate System Video Lectures; Global CO2 Cycle Video Lectures; Organic Matter Production & Export Video Lectures; Geochemical Cycles Video Lectures; Metal Geochemistry Video Lectures; Stable Isotopes as Tracers Video Lecture; Radioisotopes as Tracers Video Lecture; CO2 Sequestration Video Lecture; etc…” For more information see
Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc…”
Gases – Gas Chemistry – Helium Isotope Laboratory; Hydrothermal Plume Studies; Hydrothermal Vent Particle Chemistry; Modeling Effects of Hydrothermal Plumes; etc…” For more information see
Isotope Cosmochemistry; Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Mantle; Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Crust; Stable Isotopes II High Temperature Applications; Stable Isotope Geochemistry III Low Temperature Applications; Unconventional Stable Isotope Approaches and Systems; etc…” For more information see
Emerging Technologies; Reappraisals and Recommendations as of the year 2000; List of tide gauge manufacturers; Glossary of terms used in tidal measurements and analysis; Frequently used abbreviations and acronyms; etc…” For more information see |
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Basic Oceanography Calculators & Applets
International Equation of State (IES 80) as described in Fofonoff (1985)….” For more information see
Sound speed from Temperature, Salinity and Pressure Calculator; Potential Temperature from In-situ Temperature and Pressure Calculator; Freezing Point of Seawater Calculator; Salinity from Conductivity Ratio Calculator; Salinity from Conductivity, Temperature and Pressure Calculator; Coriolis Frequency Calculator; Distance between Two Positions Calculator; Potential Temperature, Potential Density and Brunt-Väisälä Frequency Calculator with Graphs; Geostrophic Current and Volume Transport Calculator with Graphs; Ocean Currents Calculator with Graphs; Wind and Calculating Wind Stress Data Calculator with Graphs; Co-oscillation Tides and Seiches in Narrow Gulfs and Basins Calculator with Graphs; Designing a Station Plan for an Oceanographic Research Voyage Calculator with Graphs; For more information see
between two hydrographic (CTD) stations, relative to the deepest observation…”
imported ocean current data in a variety of graphic representations…” Advanced Oceanography Calculators & Applets
of sound from a source to a receiver. It depends on the seawater properties, such as temperature, salinity and acidity as well as the frequency of the sound. The details of the underlying physics of absorption are quite complex. Note that the absorption causes only part of the transmission loss. Usually, the major contribution to transmission loss is the spreading of the acoustic wave as it propagates away from the source…” Absorption of Sound in Seawater Calculator INPUT Values include:
For more information see
2 Interactive Versions for Pressure or Depth…” For more information see
system parameters given T, S, P, TotCO2, and Alkalinity inputs…It uses the cubic [H+] simplification of the carbon system, which only applies in the range of natural seawater pH…” For more information see
Ferrous and Ferric Iron Solubility Calculator; Calcium and Magnesium Solubility Calculator; etc…” For more information see
Oceanic Calculator OUTPUT values include:
Physicsl Properties
Specific Alkalinity; etc…” Temperature & Salinity
Dissolved Methane; etc…” Physical Properties
Temperature, Salinity & Pressure
Physical Properties
Specific Heat; etc…” For more information see
Oceanic Calculator II OUTPUT values include amounts in Sea Water for the following:
Magnesium; Calcium; Strontium; Barium; Zirconium; Titanium; Vanadium; Molybendum; Chromium; etc…” For more information see
Oceanic Calculator OUTPUT values include:
For more information see
and Non-Glacial climates. Surface and Deep water D.O and temperature as well as pycnocline thickness variable…” Oceanic Vertical Redox Calculator INPUT Values include:
Mixed Layer (Surface) and for the Deep Layer; Depth; Climate: Glacial; Pre-Post Glacial or Non Glacial; etc…” For more information see |
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Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI)
measure the physical, chemical, geological and biological variables in the ocean and seafloor. Greater knowledge of these variables is vital for improved detection and forecasting of environmental changes and their effects on biodiversity, coastal ecosystems and climate…” For more information see the Oceanography Atlases & Databases
to create a powerful new platform for interdisciplinary research and education…” The Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT)synthesis developed by the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS) is the primary base map for Virtual Ocean, providing…” For more information see
that hosts high resolution (~100 m node spacing) bathymetry from multibeam data for ocean areas and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) and NED (National Elevation Dataset) topography datasets for the global land masses…” For more information see the
hydrographic parameters as well as trace elements and isotopes measured along GEOTRACES cruise tracks. Users select tracers, cruise tracks and ocean basins in easy and intuitive ways…” “…eGEOTRACES then presents tracer distributions along the selected sections or animated 3D scenes showing tracer distributions along all available sections in the selected basin…” For more information see
Buoy Databases; Chlorophyll Databases; Ocean Currents Databases; Plankton Databases; Salinity Databases; Coastal Water Temperature Guide (CWTG); Global Argo Data Repository; Global Ocean Data, Archaeology & Rescue; Global Temperature Salinity Profile Program (GTSPP); Coral Reef Temperature Anomaly Database (CoRTAD); etc…” For more information see the
for understanding biogeochemical cycles and how deep-sea deposits respond to environmental change at the sea surface. We present the first digital map of seafloor lithologies based on descriptions of nearly 14,500 samples from original cruise reports, interpolated using a support vector machine algorithm…” For more information see
WODselect:
using a user-specified search criteria. A distribution map…” World Ocean Database 2009: Geographic and year sorted data For more information see the
hydrographic data to users. These data are a product of decades of observations related to the physical characteristics of ocean waters carried out during WOCE, CLIVAR and numerous other oceanographic research programs…”
display and interactive analysis of the data in many different ways. With extensive interactive controls and the capability to add a wide variety of derived quantities, this electronic atlas complements the printed WOCE atlases…” “…An eWOCE Gallery shows more than 350 tracer distributions along sections from the WOCE Hydrographic Program (WHP)…” For more information see the
Marine Realms Information Bank…” Examples of “USGS Woods Hole Science Center” Software include
Digital Shoreline Analysis System; MATLAB software for scientific computations; etc…” Examples of “Matlab Tools for Oceanographic Analysis (A collaborative effort to organize and distribute Matlab tools
Numerical Modeling Tools; Mapping Tools; Hydrographic Tools; Data Interface Tools; etc…” Marine Geoscience, Marine Geology, Marine Geophysics, Marine Geochemistry, Bathymetry, Topography, etc. Databases
GeoPRISMS Data Portal; Global Multi-Resolution Topography Data Portal; Academic Seismic Portal at LDEO; etc…” Examples of “Marine Geoscience Tools & Services” include
GeoMapApp; EarthObserver App; Media Bank; etc…” For more information see
Rocks and Minerals Database
Examples of other “Reservoir” Databases include
Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles; Interplanetary Dust Particles; etc…” For more information see
isotopic data as well as extensive “metadata” for rocks, minerals and melt/fluid inclusions…” For more information see the
in coastal and open ocean areas. Key data types include trackline geophysics (gravity, magnetics, seismic reflection, bathymetry), sediment thickness, and…” For more information see the
International Ocean Mapping Projects; Multibeam Data; NOS Hydrographic Survey Data; Satellite-derived Data; Trackline Data; etc…” Combined Bathymetry & Topography
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Discovery Portal; Global Relief (ETOPO2v2 and ETOPO5); Tsunami Inundation Gridding Project; etc…”
latitude/longitude range. Plots the coast you extracted. GSHHS – A Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Shoreline Database;
and Rocks…”
collected during marine cruises from 1953 to the present. Coverage is worldwide. Data sources include both US and foreign oceanographic institutions and government agencies…”
melt inclusions, with emphasis on basalts and abyssal peridotites. PetDB contains major, trace-element, and isotope ratios for samples from mid-ocean ridge basalts, back-arc basins, young near-ridge seamounts, and old oceanic crust…” For more information see Sea Level Databases
Submarine Volcanism and Hydrothermal Venting
volcanism and hydrothermal venting on the global ocean and deep-sea ecosystems…” Examples of “Earth-Ocean Interactions Programs” include
Submarine Volcanism (Geology and Mapping); etc…” Photos/Video
Submarine-eruptions; Submarine Ring of Fire; DIVE!: Dive to an active submarine volcano!; etc…” For more information see |
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MARINE SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES COURSES, LECTURES, MANUALS, ETC. SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
Bedform Experiments Animations & Movies; etc…” Forecasting Techniques, Underlying Physics, and Applications includes
Complication of Unsteady Forcing; Examples; etc…” Software available for download. For more information see the
Flocculation of sediment particles; Buoyant plumes; Marine boundary layers; Bedload transport; Suspended-sediment load and flux; Waves and sediment transport; Beaches; etc…” For more information see the
Linear Wave Calculator OUTPUT values include:
Ripple Properties Calculator OUTPUT values include:
Grain Size; Ripple Height; Ripple Wavelength; etc…”
Fine Sand: Powers Roundness Factor; Corey Shape Factor; Salinity; etc…” Sediment Particle Property Calculator OUTPUT values include:
Stokes Setting Velocity; Gibbs Setting Velocity; Water Density; etc…”
Angle Between Waves/Currents; Wave Height; Wave Period; Wave-optical Velocity Amplitude; Angular Wave Frequency; etc…” Wave-Current Interaction Calculator OUTPUT values include:
Combined Friction Velocity; Apparent Roughness; etc..”
Coastal Model Test Bed (CMTB); Coastal Modeling System; Coastal Storm Modeling System; Coastal Storm Modeling System Features; Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar; etc…” For more information see
Dredging Calculators & Applets
The Moody Diagram for Pipe Flow Calculator; Terminal Settling Velocity Calculator; Turbulence Settling Efficiency Calculator; etc…” For more information see
TO CALCULATE FEE: Enter the “Discharge Size” in Section A or, if the project qualifies, check the check-box in Section B according to the applicable Flat Fee category…” For more information see |
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wave parameter (other than amplitude) from any other…” Ocean Wave Parameter Calculator INPUT Values include:
Wavenumber; Phase speed; Group speed…” For more information see
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PLATE TECTONICS DATABASES, MODELS, ETC.
the visualization of geodata through geological time, and it facilitates interoperability of plate tectonic data and models with geodynamic computing services for applied and fundamental research purposes…” For more information see
tectonic stress data from the Earth’s crust…” World Stress Map’s main operational areas for stress in application are
Tectonic Modelling; Reservoir Management; Stability of Mines, Tunnels and Boreholes, Fault Slip Tendency & Seismic Risk Assessment…” For more information see the PLATE TECTONICS COURSES, LECTURES, ETC.
Large scale Climate-Tectonic Interactions; Climate-Tectonic Interactions – Bedrock Channels; General commentary, Earthquake displacement fields, and Introduction to the San Andreas Fault; Dip-slip Dislocations; Earthquake Surface Ruptures; Earthquake Moment and Intensity; etc…” For more information see PLATE TECTONICS MOTION MOVIES, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
Earth and provides a brief overview of the theories behind it…” For more information see the
PLATE MOTION CALCULATORS & APPLETS
plate motion direction and speed at any point on the earth…” Plate Motion Calculator INPUT Values include:
HS3-NUVEL-1A); Moving Plate (Africa, Antarctica, Arabia, Eurasia, etc.); Fixed Plate (Pacific, Caribbean, Juan de Fuca, etc.); Latitude & Longitude…” For more information see
Latitude & Longitude…” Plate Motion Calculator OUTPUT Values include:
Speed and Direction for Input Location…” For more information see the
motion at any location on the earth…” For more information see the
your own pole or NUVEL1A…” For more information see PLATE VELOCITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
rates for the world’s major ridges…” Plate Velocity Calculator INPUT Values include:
For more information see
Ridge Spreading Rate Calculator Ridge Spreading Rate Calculator INPUT Values include: “…Latitude & Longitude…” |
Seismology
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Earthscope Visualization
Tectonic Strain, Crustal Dynamics, Lithospheric Strain, etc. Databases
“…GNSS receivers detect, decode, and process signals from the GNSS satellites (e.g., currently GPS and GLONASS and, in the future, Galileo)…” “…Global IGS network consists of several hundred permanent GNSS (GPS and GPS+GLONASS) receivers…” Examples of “GNSS (GPS & GLONASS) Data” include
Hourly 30-second data files; etc…”
“…SLR targets are satellites equipped with corner cubes or retroreflectors. Currently, the global SLR network tracks over forty such satellites…”
included as a host experiment on various space missions…” DORRIS Data
are available electronically from the CDDIS and are stored in ten-day increments or cycle…”
instrument locations and near real-time data plots of the fault displacements and strain changes…” For more information see
between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates in the western United States. Data from PBO’s integrated network of GPS stations, strainmeters and seismometers, coupled with aerial and satellite imagery, are providing important temporal constraints on…” For more information see
tectonic stress data from the Earth’s crust…” World Stress Map’s main operational areas for stress in application are
Tectonic Modelling; Reservoir Management; Stability of Mines, Tunnels and Boreholes, Fault Slip Tendency & Seismic Risk Assessment…” For more information see the USGS Earthquake Databases
Earthquake Intensity, Strong Motion, etc. Databases
at least one of the following criteria: Moderate damage (approximately $1 million or more), 10 or more deaths, Magnitude 7.5 or greater, Modified Mercalli Intensity X or greater, or the earthquake generated a tsunami…” For more information see
Earthquake Engineering Databases
University Engineering Reports; NISEE eBooks; Structural Engineering Slide Library; Kozak Historical Image Collection; EQIIS Image Database; Strong Ground-Motion Database, etc…”
Undergraduate Seismology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc.
Waves, Seismograms, and Seismometers; Seismc Waves and Earth’s Interior; Plate Tectonics; Faults and Faulting; Earthquake Effects, Shaking; etc…” For more information see
Amplitudes of Seismic Waves; Focal Mechanisms; Waveform Modeling; Moment Tensors; Earthquake Geodesy; Relative Plate Motions; Spreading Centers; Subduction Zones; Continental Intraplate Earthquakes; etc…” For more information see Graduate Seismology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc.
Travel time curves; Travel time tomography; Critical and post-critical reflection; Normal modes; Focal mechanics; etc…” For more information see
and fault hazards of the West Napa Fault System, as well as associated geospatial information and imagery. Initially, the fault afterslip was rapid and extended into at least the southern part of the Browns Valley neighborhood. USGS forecasts the afterslip for homes potentially impacted by future afterslip…” For more information see
multicomponent seismic data…” For more information see
visually ‘explore’ Zoeppritz equation solutions with various parameter inputs…”
of AVO-related approximations to the P-P reflection co-efficient for any combination of earth properties…”
in petroleum exploration….”
Seismology Networks
between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates in the western United States. Data from PBO’s integrated network of GPS stations, strainmeters and seismometers, coupled with aerial and satellite imagery, are providing important temporal constraints on…” For more information see
under which plate boundary earthquakes occur….” For more information see
Transportable Array
“…each of the Transportable Array stations consists of a three-component broadband seismometer with associated signal processing, power, and communications equipment…”
(326 broadband, 120 short period, and 1700 active source) that can be deployed using flexible source-receiver geometries…”
occurring electric and magnetic fields…”
Seismology Instruments & Earthquake Early Warning Systems
detect the initiation of an earthquake, estimate the level of ground shaking to be expected, and issue a warning before significant ground shaking starts…”
an active fault. Its function is not to measure fault slip during earthquakes, but to record the slow aseismic slip between earthquakes…”
horizontal datum defined by gravity…”
of a sealed rigid pipe half-full of water. Under isothermal conditions the water surface is an equipotential reference, and tilt of the ground causes one end to fall and the other to rise an equal amount…”
PASSCAL Instrumentation Examples of “PASSCAL Instrumentation” include
Short Period Sensors; High Frequency Sensors; High Resolution Data Acquisition Systems…”
Secondary Broadband Sensors; Strong Motion Sensors; Short Period Sensors; Microbarometers; Data Acquisition Systems…”
Examples of Long Period “Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instruments” include
EARTHQUAKE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
to fit the response to field observations…” For more information see
Technology (Reftek) 16 and 24 bitdata loggers. Sensors consist of high output velocity transducers to record very small ground motion and force balance accelerometers designed to stay on-scale (up to +-2G) for the strong ground motion expected from very large earthquakes…” For more information see
channel of your choice…” For more information see
suspension (zero-length spring on the hypotenuse of a right triangle).” For more information see
adjustable ground movement w(t). The displacement x(t) of the mass relative to the chassis is calculated recursively…” For more information see
a seismometer Geotech Model S-13, to determine: (1) the natural frequency and damping, the two parameters,…” For more information see |
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Tephrochronology Databases
northern Europe, Russia and central Mexico. Details on the location, name, age and geochemistry of tephra layers are stored in the database, as well as information about relevant volcanoes and volcanic systems. A comprehensive reference database is also included…” |
Tsunami
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Tsunami Dictionaries & Glossaries ~ Tsunami Courses, Lectures, Movies, Animations & Modeling Tsunami Calculators & Simulations
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Real-Time Buoy Data
Wave Height (WVHT); Dominant Wave Period (DPD); Average Period Average Period (APD); Atmospheric Pressure (PRES); Pressure Tendency (PTDY); Air Temperature (ATMP); Water Temperature (WTMP); Wind Chill (CHILL)…” For more information see the
capability for the early detection and real-time reporting of tsunamis in the open ocean…” For more information see
Tsunami Warning Bulletins & Messages
Tsunami Zone; etc., for the Pacific Ocean, Hawaii & Caribbean Sea..” For more information see the
the cause of the tsunami, the source location, the magnitude and intensity of the tsunami, etc…” For more information see
from tsunamis were observed. It includes events from 2000 B.C. to the present in the the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; and the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas…” For more information see
On-line Atlantic Tsunami Catalog, 60B.C. to present; On-line Mediterranean Tsunami Catalog, 1628B.C. to present; etc…” For more information see
Tsunami Lectures & Simulations with Text, Images & Videos/Movies
Landslide Tsunami Simulation Movies; Volcano Tsunami Simulation Movies; Earthquake Tsunami Simulation Movies; etc…” For more information see the
Preliminary Analysis of the April 2007 Solomon Islands Tsunami; Descriptive Model of the 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami; etc…” Examples of “Tsunami Animations” include
Panoramas of Damage in Sri Lanka after the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami; 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami: Earthquake Source; Animation of the Tsunami from the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake; etc…” For more information see
Titov of PMEL and Synolakis of University of Southern California, is the standard model used at the NCTR. MOST is a suite of numerical simulation codes capable of simulating three processes of tsunami evolution: earthquake, transoceanic propagation, and inundation of dry land…” For more information see Correct Education of Coastal Communities – Tsunami Preparedness
the initial pulse is. After that, watch how the tsunami hits the coast…” For more information see the Volcanology
For more information see
NeMO Dive!: simulated dive to the seafloor with a remotely operated vehicle; NeMO Explorer: virtual seafloor landscapes, fly-thru movies, panoramas; etc…” For more information see
the latitude, longitude, elevation, type of volcano, and last known eruption…” For more information see
the same size occurring in a small volume….” For more information see the
Undergraduate Volcanology Courses, Lectures, etc.
volcanoes and volcanic processes…” Examples of “Introduction to Volcanoes” Course Sections & Lectures include
Shield Volcanoes; Stratovolcanoes; Lava Domes; etc…” Eruption Products
Tephra; Pyroclastic Flows; Volcanic Gases; etc…” Eruption Types
Hawaiian; Strombolian; Vulcanian; etc…” For more information see
commonly observed on erupting volcanoes that resembles sounds made by many musical instruments, although at lower than audible frequencies of between 1 and 5 Hz…” For more information see Graduate Volcanology Courses, Lectures, etc.
Examples from over “20” “ASHFALL” Course Video Lectures include
Phreatic and Phreatomagmatic Fragmentation Video Lecture; Size of Volcanic Ash Video Lecture; Particle Fall through the Atmosphere Video Lecture; Volcanological Meteorology Video Lecture; Thunderstorms and Volcanic Clouds Video Lecture; Direct Sampling of Volcanic Clouds Video Lecture; Detecting Volcanic Ash from Space Video Lecture; SO2 Remote Sensing Video Lecture; Bonadonna Tephra Deposits Characteristics Video Lecture; Chaiten Eruption Observations Video Lecture; etc…” For more information see
in the deep ocean and its effect on the surrounding environment…” Examples of “Deep Submarine Eruptions” Course Lectures include
Introduction to Hydrothermal Activity and Event Plumes ((a.k.a. Megaplumes) from Submarine Eruptions; Submarine Pyroclastic Activity; Seafloor Eruption and Hydrothermal Fluid Chemistry; Submarine Lava Morphology; Hawaiian Submarine Volcanism; etc…” For more information see
Transition zone
Plumes…” LIP classification
Lower crust recycling; etc…” Volcanic margins
Metasomatic OIB; Komatiites; etc…” Thermal
Hotspot table; Radiating volcanic migrations; etc…” Giant dikes;
fields in the world. An understanding of its properties is key to enhancing our knowledge of volcanic mechanisms and corresponding risk. Using a joint local and teleseismic earthquake P-wave seismic inversion, we unveil a basaltic lower-crustal magma body that provides a magmatic link between the Yellowstone mantle plume and the previously imaged upper-crustal magma reservoir…” For more information see
partly molten rock 12 to 28 miles beneath the Yellowstone supervolcano, and it is 4.4 times larger than the shallower, long-known magma chamber…” “…The hot rock in the newly discovered, deeper magma reservoir would fill the 1,000-cubic-mile Grand Canyon 11.2 times…”
led by seismologists at the University of Utah…” |
Volcanology
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Volcanology Dictionaries & Glossaries The Yellowstone Magmatic System – Yellowstone Supervolcano
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POLLUTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
under grain-crop production systems, considers source factors in a multiplicative manner within three main transport mechanisms, and approximates loads of P likely to enter and become available to aquatic ecosystems. The Iowa P Index was developed in 2001, and was modified in 2004 to include support for an additional soil P test and to use the latest revision of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE2). An erosional component considers sheet and rill erosion from RUSLE2, P enrichment, total soil P, filter strip…” For more information see |
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WATER QUALITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
and fate of effluents discharged into lakes, reservoirs, rivers, estuaries, and oceans. It also focuses on formulation and structure of models as well as analytical and simple numerical solution techniques…” Water Quality Control Lecture Topics include:
Turbulent Diffusion; Spatial Averaging; Estuarine Mixing; Reactor Vessels; Initial Mixing; Sediment-Water Exchange; Water Quality Models; etc…” For more information see
achieve consistency in the scientific methods and procedures used, to document those methods and procedures, and to maintain technical expertise. USGS field personnel use this manual to ensure that the data collected are of the quality required to fulfill our mission…” Examples of “Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data” Chapters include
Selection of Equipment for Water Sampling; Cleaning of Equipment for Water Sampling; Collection of Water Samples; Processing of Water Samples; Biological Indicators; etc…” For more information see the
at approximately 1.5 million sites in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico…” USGS Water Databases include:
Surface Water
Ground Water
Water Quality
For more information see
characteristics of the important aquifers of the Nation…” For more information see
ALKALINITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
titration curve and calculate the alkalinity or acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of your sample using one or more of several different methods, including: Inflection point method; Fixed endpoint method; Theoretical carbonate titration curve method 1 & 2; Gran function plot method; Calculation of alkalinity, hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate…” For more information see WATER & WASTEWATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FOR WATER & WASTEWATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SEE GAS SATURATION IN WATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
222Rn; Oxygen; Nitrogen; N2O; NO; CO; CO2; SO2; Chlorine; Cl2O; ClO2; Ethane; Propane; Butane; H2Se; H2S; CH4; etc…” For more information see
Oxygen Saturation Calculator Oxygen Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include:
Altitude; Saturation Percentage…” |
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GROUNDWATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS & COURSES
Groundwater/Surface Water Interactions; Pump Test Analysis; Solute Transport in Groundwater; Soil Moisture; etc…” For more information see
Dispersivity Calculator; Fluid Density Calculator; Waste Injection Well Plume Calculator…” For more information see
1D Non-reactive and Reactive Solute Transport Calculator; Multidimensional Non-reactive and Reactive Solute Transport Calculator; 2D Steady Flow in Homogeneous Aquifers with Particle Tracking Calculator; 2D Steady Flow in Heterogeneous Aquifers with Particle Tracking Calculator; etc…” For more information see LANGELIER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
Calcium Hardness; Total Dissolved Solids…” For more information see MONITORING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
size, shape, and color of particles in suspension…” Turbidity Threshold Sampling
are distributed over a range of rising and falling turbidities…The resulting set of samples can be used to accurately determine suspended sediment loads by…” For more information see RESERVOIR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
STREAM CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
in an applet called Visiflow, and the user has a number of options about the connection between the reservoirs…” For more information see
Xenon, 222Rn, Oxygen, Nitrogen, N2O, NO, CO, CO2, SO2, Chlorine, Cl2O, ClO2, Ethane, Propane, Butane, H2Se, H2S, & CH4…” Input Temperature, Air Pressure or Saturation Percentatge; etc. For more information see WATER RUNOFF DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC.
application, algorithm, and architecture…” Surface Water Runoff Calculator INPUT Values include:
Herbaceous; Meadow; Oak Aspen; Open Urban Space; Parking Lots; Pasture; Paved Street With Curb; Paved Street with Open Ditch; Pinyon Juniper; Residential; Sagebrush; Woods; & Woods with Grass…” Hydrologic Condition; Soil Condition; Type of storm; Duration of storm. For more information see WATER RUNOFF CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
Water Runoff: Long-Term Impact Assessments Tools
user along with thirty years of precipitation data to determine the average impact that a particular land use change or set of changes…” Water Runoff Tools INPUT Values include:
Area in
Land Use
Water/Wetlands; Grass/Pasture; Agriculture; Forest; Custom Land Use…” Hydrologic Soil Groups…” For more information see WATER EROSION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
For more information see the
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