LANGUAGE TRANSLATION CENTER LANGUAGES A-G

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LANGUAGES WORLD WIDE
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Global Language Network &
Voice & Photo Translator Apps for Phones, Tablets, etc.

LANGUAGES A-G
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Abkhaz, Adygea, Adyghe Aghul, Akhvakh, Andi, Avar, Bagvalin, Bats, Bezhta,

Botlikh, Budukh, Chamalal, Dargwa, Ghodoberi, Hinukh, Hunzib, Kabardian, Karata,

Khinalug, Khvarshi, Lak, Lezgi, Mingrelian, Rutul, Svan, Tabassaran, Tindi, Tsakhur, Tsez, Udi

Albanian (Tosk, Gheg, Arbëreshë, Arvanitika) ~
Altai

Arabic
& Egyptian Arabic, Gulf Arabic, Hassaniyya Arabic (Hass?n?y Arabic),
Iraqi Arabic (Mesopotamian Arabic), Jordanian Arabic (South Levantine),
Moroccan Arabic (Darija), Najdi Aarbic (Saudi Arabia), Sudanese Arabic,
Syrian Arabic (North Levantine), Tunisian Arabic, Yemeni Arabic

Aramaic – Syriac, Assyrian – Akkadian, Demotic, Phoenician, Sumerian,
Old Bulgar, Thracian, Cuneiform Tablets, Vindolanda Tablets

African Languages
Languages of Africa (over “250” Languages)

Archi ~
Armenian ~
Austronesian Languages ~
Azerbaijani (North, South)

Baluchi (Balochi)
(Eastern Balochi, Southern Balochi & Western Balochi)

Bashkir ~
Basque (Euskara) ~
Belarusian (Belarusan) ~
Bengali or Bengla

Berber Languages

(Central Morocco Tamazight, Tamazight,

Amazigh (Amazighe), Kabyle, Tachelhit, Chenoua,

Nafusi, Tachawit, Tarifit, Tumzabt, etc.)

Bosnian (Bosanski) ~
Brahui ~
Bru (Eastern & Western)

Bulgarian ~
Buryat (Buriat) ~
Burmese, Wa (Parauk Wa & Vo Wa), Khumi, Shan & Mon

Cambodian (Khmer) ~
Cham (Eastern & Western) ~
Chamorro (Chamoru) ~
Chechen & Ingush

Chinese
(Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, Min Nan,
Shanghai (Shanghainese), Taiwanese Mandarin, Teochew & Wu)

Chukchi (Chukot, Chukchee) ~
Chuvash ~
Coptic

Creole
Haitian Creole;
Hawai’i Creole English (Hawaii Pidgin);
Cajun French, French Creole & Louisiana Creole;
Jamaican Creole English (Jamaican Patois, Limón Creole English, Panamanian Creole English);
Papiamentu (Papiamento);
Sea Island Creole English (Gullah)

Cretan Hieroglyphs ~
Croatian (Hrvatski) ~
Czech (?eský)

Danish (Dansk) ~
Dari ~
Dhivehi ~
Domari

Dutch (Nederlands) & Belgian Dutch (Het Belgische Nederlands)

East Timor Languages
(Fataluku, Makuva, Oirata, Tetun, Waimaha (Wai ma’a))

Egyptology (Hieroglyphics) ~
Enets ~
English & Old English

Erzya ~
Estonian (Eestlane) ~
Etruscan ~
Evenki

Faroese (Føryskt) ~
Fijian

Finnish (Suomi) ~
French (Français) ~
Frisian (Frysk) ~
Friulan (Friulian, Frulan)

Federated States of Micronesia Languages
(Chuukese, Kosraean, Pingelapese, Pohnpeian, Satawalese, Yapese)

Formosan Languages (Taiwan)
(Amis, Atayal, Bunun, Kanakanavu, Kavalan,
Paiwan, Pazih, Rukai, Sakizaya, Saisiya, Tsou, Yami)

French Polynesia Languages
(Marquesan, Tahitian, Tuamotuan)

Gagauz ~
Georgian ~
German (Deutsch) ~
Gothic ~
Greenlandic

Greek
(Ancient, Classical, Biblical, New Testament, Modern)

Gaelic

Irish (Gaeilge & Gaelic) ~
Manx Gaelic (Gaelg) ~
Scottish, Scots & Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)

Languages: A-G ~
Languages: H-R ~
Languages: S-Z

English ~
Sign Language & Braille

Indigenous Languages of U.S. & Canada ~
Indigenous Languages of Australia

Indigenous Languages of Mexico, Central America & South America

Writing Systems, Body Language,
Languages (Sounds) of Birds, Fish, Frogs, Insects, Seals, Whales, etc.

Linguistics, Language Journals, Fonts, Keyboard, Resources

Language Center

Global Language Network

Voice and Photo Translator Apps
for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPads and Android Devices

GLOBAL LANGUAGE NETWORK & VOICE AND PHOTO TRANSLATOR APPS

Global Language Network

GLOBAL LANGUAGE NETWORK – Authors: Shahar Ronena, Bruno Gonçalvesb,c,d,
Kevin Z. Hua, Alessandro Vespignanib, Steven Pinkere, and César A. Hidalgo;
a project by the MIT Media Lab Macro Connections group
in collaboration with Aix-Marseille Université, Northeastern MoBS, and Harvard University
Multimedia Global Language Network (Text & Interactive Images).
For more information see

Shahar Ronen’s Home Page or the

MIT Media Lab

• • • • Also see

LINKS THAT SPEAK: THE GLOBAL LANGUAGE NETWORK AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH GLOBAL FAME – Authors: Shahar Ronena,
Bruno Gonçalvesb,c,d, Kevin Z. Hua, Alessandro Vespignanib, Steven Pinkere, and César A. Hidalgo;
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America;
Published online before print 12/15/2014;
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1410931111;
PNAS 12/15/2014
Multimedia “Links that speak: The global language network and its association with global fame” Publication (Text & Images).

Want to influence the world? Map reveals the best languages to speak – Science

Voice and Photo Translator Apps for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPads and Android Devices

SPEECHTRANS VOICE AND PHOTO TRANSLATORS POWERED BY NUANCE – SpeechTrans

SpeechTrans

• • • • “…works on all versions of the iPhone, 3rd Generation iPod Touch, iPads

• • • • and Android devices…”

• • • • “…eliminates language barriers with the most accurate Speech to Speech Translator…”

• • • • “…a Speech to Speech translator with bi-directional

• • • • speech recognition and translation, there is no limit to

• • • • what you can say. Never be at a loss for words on your next trip abroad.

• • • • With voice recognition provided by Nuance,…”

• • • • “…Now also take pictures of text in 154 Languages and SpeechTrans

• • • • Will Translate and Speak back the Translation!…”

ABKHAZ LANGUAGE

Abkhaz (Abkhazian) Keyboards

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Abkhaz (Abkhazian)
Courses, Lessons, etc.

ADYGHE LANGUAGE

Adyghe Keyboards

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Adyghe Courses, Lessons, etc.

AGHUL LANGUAGE

English <> Aghul Dictionaries
& Aghul to other Languages

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Aghul Courses, Lessons, etc.

AKHVAKH LANGUAGE

Northern Akhvakh Dictionary
& Northern Akhvakh to other Languages

Southern Akhvakh Dictionary & Southern Akhvakh to other Languages

Akhvakh Courses, Lessons, Textbooks, etc.

ANDI LANGUAGE

English <> Andi Dictionaries & Andi to other Languages

AVAR LANGUAGE & AVAR DIALECTS

English <> Avar Dictionary
& Avar to other Languages

English <> Avar Andalal Dictionary & Avar Andalal to other Languages

English <> Avar Antsukh Dictionary
& Avar Antsukh to other Languages

English <> Avar Batlukh Dictionar & Avar Batlukh to other Languages

English <> Avar Hid Dictionary
& Avar Hid to other Languages

English <> Avar Karakh Dictionary & Avar Karakh to other Languages

English <> Avar Kusur Dictionary
& Avar Kusur to other Languages

English <> Avar Zakataly Dictionary & Avar Zakataly to other Languages

BAGVALIN LANGUAGE – BAGVALAL LANGUAGE

English <> Bagvalin Dictionary – English <> Bagvalal Dictionary

BATS LANGUAGE – BATSBI (TSOVA-TUSHIAN) LANGUAGE

Bats <> Gerogian – Bats Dictionary
(Batsbi (Tsova-Tushian) <> Georgian – Batsbi Dictionary)

BEZHTA LANGUAGE

English <> Bezhta Dictionary
& Bezhta to other Languages

BJEDUG DIALECT, SHAPSUB DIALECT & UBYKH LANGUAGE

Bjedug Dialect, Shapsub Dialect & Ubykh Language Lessons, Literature, etc.

BOTLIKH LANGUAGE

English <> Botlikh Dictionary
& Botlikh to other Languages

BUDUKH LANGUAGE

English <> Budukh Dictionary & Budukh to other Languages

CHAMALAL LANGUAGE

English <> Chamalal Dictionary
& Chamalal to other Languages

CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGES

Russian <> Circassian Dictionaries
& Circassian Languages Etymology Dictionary

First Year Circassian (Bzhedygu) Courses, Lessons, etc.

Circassian Literature, Poetry, Proverbs, etc.

DARGWA LANGUAGE & DARGWA DIALECTS

English <> Dargwa Dictionary & Dargwa to other Languages

English <> Dargwa Kajtak Dictionary
& Dargwa Kajtak to other Languages

English <> Dargwa Kubachi Dictionary & Dargwa Kubachi to other Languages

English <> Dargwa Muiri Dictionary
& Dargwa Muiri to other Languages

English <> Dargwa Itsari Dictionary & Dargwa Itsari to other Languages

GHODOBERI LANGUAGE

English <> Ghodoberi Dictionary
& Ghodoberi to other Languages

HINUKH LANGUAGE

English <> Hinukh Dictionary & Hinukh to other Languages

HUNZIB LANGUAGE

English <> Hunzib Dictionary
& Hunzib to other Languages

KABARDIAN LANGUAGE

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Kabardian Courses, Lessons, etc.

Kabardian Literature, Poetry, etc.

KARATA LANGUAGE & KARATA DIALECTS

English <> Karata Dictionary
& Karata to other Languages

English <> Karata Tokitin Dictionary & Karata Tokitin to other Languages

KHINALUG LANGUAGE

English <> Khinalug Dictionary
& Khinalug to other Languages

KHVARSHI LANGUAGE

English <> Khvarshi Dictionary & Khvarshi to other Languages

English <> Khvarshi Inxokvari Dictionary & Khvarshi Inxokvari to other Languages

LAK LANGUAGE

English <> Lak Dictionary & Lak to other Languages

LEZGI LANGUAGE & LEZGI DIALECTS

English <> Lezgi Dictionary
& Lezgi to other Languages

English <> Lezgi Kuba Dictionary & Lezgi Kuba to other Languages

English <> Lezgi Mikrakh Dictionary
& Lezgi Mikrakh to other Languages

MINGRELIAN LANGUAGE – MEGRELIAN LANGUAGE

Mingrelian <> Georgian – Mingrelian Dictionary
(Megrelian <> Georgian – Megrelian Dictionary)

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Mingrelian Courses, Lessons, etc.

RUTUL LANGUAGE

English <> Rutul Dictionaries
& Rutul to other Languages

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Rutul Courses, Lessons, etc.

SVAN LANGUAGE

Svan <> Georgian – Svan Dictionary

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Svan Courses, Lessons, etc.

TABASSARAN LANGUAGE & TABASSARAN DIALECTS

English <> Tabassaran (North Tabasaran (Khanag) Dictionary
& Tabassaran (North Tabasaran (Khanag) to other Languages

English <> Tabassaran (South Tabasaran) Dictionary
& Tabassaran (South Tabasaran) Dictionary to other Languages

TINDI LANGUAGE

English <> Tindi Dictionary
& Tindi to other Languages

TSAKHUR LANGUAGE

English <> Tsakhur Dictionary & Tsakhur to other Languages

TSEZ LANGUAGE & TSEZ DIALECTS

English <> Tsez Mokok Dictionary
& Tsez Mokok to other Languages

English <> Tsez Sagadin Dictionary & Tsez Sagadin to other Languages

UDI LANGUAGE

English <> Udi Dictionary
& Udi to other Languages

ABKHAZ LANGUAGE, ADYGEA LANGUAGE, AGHUL LANGUAGE, AKHVAKH LANGUAGE, ANDI LANGUAGE,

• • AVAR LANGUAGE & AVAR DIALECTS,

• • BAGVALIN (BAGVALAL) LANGUAGE, BATS (BATSBI) LANGUAGE, BEZHTA LANGUAGE,

• • BOTLIKH LANGUAGE, BUDUKH LANGUAGE, CHAMALAL LANGUAGE, CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGES,

• • DARGWA LANGUAGE & DARGWA DIALECTS,

• • GHODOBERI LANGUAGE, HINUKH LANGUAGE, HUNZIB LANGUAGE, KABARDIAN LANGUAGE,

• • KARATA LANGUAGE & KARATA DIALECTS, KHINALUG LANGUAGE, KHVARSHI LANGUAGE, LAK LANGUAGE,

• • LEZGI LANGUAGE & LEZGI DIALECTS (KUBA & MIKRAKH),

• • MINGRELIAN (MEGRELIAN) LANGUAGE, RUTUL LANGUAGE, SVAN LANGUAGE,

• • TABASSARAN LANGUAGE & TABASSARAN DIALECTS, TINDI LANGUAGE,

• • TSAKHUR LANGUAGE, TSEZ LANGUAGE & TSEZ DIALECTS, UDI LANGUAGE,

• • (and Abzakh Dialect, Bjedug Dialect, Shapsub Dialect, Ubykh Corpus)

ABKHAZ LANGUAGE – ABKHAZIAN LANGUAGE

• • A Northwest Caucasian Language.

• • One of Two National/Official Languages of Georgia.

• • Official Language of Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Georgia.

• • Also Spoken in Turkey & Russia.

• • • Over

    “115 ,000” (National Statistics Office of Georgia)

• • Speakers in Georgia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

Abkhaz (Abkhazian) Keyboards

ABKHAZ KEYBOARD – incks.com,
Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany
Multimedia Online Abkhaz Keyboard (Text & Images).

Abkhaz Keyboard

• • • • “…Here you can write Abkhaz text…then you can copy it,

• • • • save it as a text file or print it out…”

For more information see

incks.com

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Abkhaz (Abkhazian) Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

FIRST YEAR ABKHAZIAN LESSONS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) – Republic of Abkhazia, Russia

• • • In English, Russian & Abkhazian.

• • • Multimedia First Year Abkhazian Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

• • • The Abkhazian (Apsua) language
      • “…is a corner-stone of Abkhazian national culture and identity. Having

• • • • taken this into consideration, I created this site dedicated to those

• • • • who desire to learn some basics of Abkhazian language and those

• • • • who are interested in Abkhazian culture…”

Examples of “Abkhazian Lessons” include

• • • • “…Abkhazian Phonemes;

• • • • Abkhazian Greetings;

• • • • Abkhazian Grammar;

• • • • Abkhazian Phrases;

• • • • Abkhazian Stories;

• • • • Abkhazian Dialects: Bzyp Dialect and Abzhuwa Dialect; etc…”

ABKHAZ VACABULARY LESSONS (WAV OR MP3) – Various Speakers
from Lykhny, Gudauta District, Abkhazia;
The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive,
University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA)
Multimedia Abkhaz Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Abkhaz Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Words & Phrases)

• • • • Click on a “Word List” and then Click on a corresponding “Audio File (WAV or MP3)”.

For more information see

The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive

ADYGHE LANGUAGE

• • A Northwest Circassian Language.

• • One of Two Official Language of the Republic of Adygea, Russia.

• • Also Spoken in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, Turkey, Jordan, Syria, etc.

• • Over

“500,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Adygea, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrilli Script.

Adyghe Keyboards

ADYGHE KEYBOARD – Translitteration.com,
Mancko SA
Multimedia Adyghe Keyboard (Text & Images).
For more information see

Translitteration or

Mancko SA

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Adyghe Courses, Lessons, etc.

ADYGHE ALPHABET – Omniglot,
Simon Ager
Multimedia Adyghe Alphabet (Text & Images).
For more information see

Omniglot

BASIC ADYGHE (ADIGA) LESSONS – Circassian Association of California / Adyghe Khasa
Multimedia Basic Adyghe (Adiga) Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).

Examples of “Basic Adyghe (Adiga) Lessons” include

• • • • “…Alphabet;

• • • • Numbers;

• • • • Proverbs The Fool;

• • • • Adiga Sayings – Adyghe Sayings;

• • • • Adiga Food – Adyghe Food;

• • • • Adiga Clothing – Adyghe Clothing;

• • • • Adiga Proper Nouns – Adyghe Proper Nouns;

• • • • Adiga Days of the Week – Adyghe Days of the Week; etc…”

For more information see

Circassian Association of California / Adyghe Khasa

ADYGHE VACABULARY LESSONS (WAV OR MP3) – The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive,
University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA)
Multimedia Adyghe Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Adyghe Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Words & Phrases)

• • • • Click on a “Word List” and then Click on a corresponding “Audio File (WAV or MP3)”.

For more information see

The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive

AGHUL LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • One of 14 Official Languages of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Also Spoken in Azerbaijan.

• • Over

“28,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrilli Script.

English <> Aghul Dictionary & Aghul to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AGHUL” “AGHUL-ENGLISH” – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Aghul Dictionary & Aghul to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Aghul Courses, Lessons, etc.

AGHUL ALPHABET – Simon Ager, Omniglot
Multimedia Aghul Alphabet & Pronunciation (Text & Images).
For more information see

Omniglot

AGHUL VACABULARY LESSONS (WAV OR MP3) – Speakers from Burkikhan,
Republic of Dagestan, Russia & Tpig, Republic of Dagestan, Russia;
The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive,
University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA)
Multimedia Aghul Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Aghul Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Words & Phrases)

• • • • Click on a “Word List” and then Click on a corresponding “Audio File (WAV or MP3)”.

For more information see

The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive

AGHUL LESSONS – Recordings by: Sonja Fritz & Jost Gipper;
Kaukasische Sprachen – Caucasian Languages – Langues caucasiennes;
Hosted by: Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS),
Goethe-Universität,
Frankfurt, Germany
Multimedia Aghul First Year Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
For more information see

Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS)

AGHUL GRAMMAR – “THE AGHUL LANGUAGE IN ITS DAGHESTANIA CONTEXT” – Author: Timur Maisak,
Department of Caucasian Languages,
Institute of Linguistics,
Russian Academy of Sciences;
Hosted by: Academia.edu
Multimedia First Year Aghul Grammar Lessons – “The Aghul Language in its Daghestania Context” – (Text & Images)

Example of “First Year Aghul Grammar Lessons” include

• • • • Aghul Alphabet;

• • • • Aghul Phonology;

• • • • Aghul Nominal Morphology;

• • • • Aghul Pronouns; etc…”

For more information see

Timur Maisak’s Home Page at Academia.edu;

Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences or the

Russian Academy of Sciences

AKHVAKH LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“6,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. using Cyrillic Script.

• • • For Linguistics Studies some Texts have been written in an

Akhvakh Alphabet

Northern Akhvakh Dictionary & Northern Akhvakh to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AKHVAKH NORTHERN AKHVAKH” “AKHVAKH NORTHERN AKHVAKH-ENGLISH” AND AKHVAKH NORTHERN AKHVAKH TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange;
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Akhvakh Northern Akhvakh Dictionary & Akhvakh Northern Akhvakh to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

Southern Akhvakh Dictionary & Southern Akhvakh to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AKHVAKH SOUTHERN AKHVAKH” “AKHVAKH SOUTHERN AKHVAKH-ENGLISH” AND AKHVAKH SOUTHERN AKHVAKH TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange;
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Akhvakh Southern Akhvakh Dictionary & Akhvakh Southern Akhvakh to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

Akhvakh Courses, Lessons, Textbooks, etc.

AKHVAKH ALPHABET – Simon Ager,
Omniglot
Multimedia Akhvakh Alphabet (Text & Images).
For more information see

Omniglot

ANDI LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“20,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Andi Dictionary & Andi to other Languages

“ENGLISH-ANDI” “ANDI-ENGLISH” – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Andi Dictionary & Andi to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

AVAR LANGUAGE & AVAR DIALECTS INCLUDING

• • AVAR ANDALAL, AVAR ANTSUKH, AVAR BATLUKH, AVAR HID, AVAR KARAKH,

• • AVAR KUSUR & AVAR ZAKATALY

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • One of 14 Official Languages of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. .

• • Also spoken in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey & Kazakhstan.

• • Over

“1.25” Million (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Avar Dictionary and Avar to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AVAR” “AVAR-ENGLISH” AND AVAR TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Claudia Schmidt, Hagen Jung & Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Avar Dictionary and Avar to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Avar Andalal Dictionary & Avar Andalal to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AVAR ANDALAL” “AVAR ANDALAL-ENGLISH” AND AVAR ANDALAL TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Avar Andalal Dictionary & Avar Andalal to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Avar Antsukh Dictionary & Avar Antsukh to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AVAR ANTSUKH” “AVAR ANTSUKH-ENGLISH” AND AVAR ANTSUKH TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Avar Antsukh Dictionary & Avar Antsukh to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Avar Batlukh Dictionary & Avar Batlukh to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AVAR BATLUKH” “AVAR BATLUKH-ENGLISH” AND AVAR BATLUKH TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Avar Batlukh Dictionary & Avar Batlukh to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Avar Hid Dictionary & Avar Hid to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AVAR HID” “AVAR HID-ENGLISH” AND AVAR HID TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Avar Hid Dictionary & Avar Hid to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Avar Karakh Dictionary & Avar Karakh to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AVAR KARAKH” “AVAR KARAKH-ENGLISH” AND AVAR KARAKH TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Avar Karakh Dictionary & Avar Karakh to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Avar Kusur Dictionary & Avar Kusur to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AVAR KUSUR” “AVAR KUSUR-ENGLISH” AND AVAR KUSUR TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Avar Kusur Dictionary & Avar Kusur to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Avar Zakataly Dictionary & Avar Zakataly to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AVAR ZAKATALY” “AVAR ZAKATALY-ENGLISH” AND AVAR ZAKATALY TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
osted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Avar Zakataly Dictionary & Avar Zakataly to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

BAGVALIN LANGUAGE – BAGVALAL LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Rebublic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“1,500” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. use Cyrillic Script.

English <> Bagvalin Dictionary – English <> Bagvalal Dictionary & Bagvalin to other Languages

“ENGLISH-BAGVALIN” “BAGVALIN-ENGLISH” AND BAGVALIN TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Bagvalin Dictionary & Bagvalin to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

BATS LANGUAGE – BATSBI (TSOVA-TUSHIAN) LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Village of Zemo-Alvani, Kakheti Province, Georgia.

• • Over

“3,000” (National Statistics Office of Georgia)

• • Speakers in Georgia.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. use Georgian Script (Mkhedruli Style).

Batsbi (Tsova-Tushian) <> Georgian – Bats <> Georgian – Bats Dictionary (Batsbi Dictionary)

“BATSBI (TSOVA-TUSHIAN)-GEORGIAN-RUSSIAN” “GEORGIAN-BATSBI (TSOVA-TUSHIAN)-RUSSIAN” – Authors: Davit Kadagidze & Ni?o Kadagidze;
TITUS, Goethe Uniersitüt,
Frankfurt, Germany
Multimedia Batsbi (Tsova-Tushian) <> Georgian <> Russian – “Batsbi (Tsova-Tushian) – Georgian – Russian Dictionary” (Text & Images).
For more information see

TITUS

BEZHTA LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Tsuntin District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“6,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Bezhta Dictionary & Bezhta to other Languages

“ENGLISH-BEZHTA” “BEZHTA-ENGLISH” AND BEZHTA TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Bezhta Dictionary & Bezhta to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

BJEDUG DIALECT LANGUAGE, SHAPSUB DIALECT LANGUAGE, UBYKH LANGUAGE

• • Caucasian Dialects & Languages.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Adygea, Russia.

• • Over

“1,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Adygea, Russia.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. use Cyrillic Script.

Bjedug Dialect, Shapsub Dialect, Ubykh Corpus & Abzakh Dialect Lessons & Literature with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

ABZAKH DIALECT, BJEDUG DIALECT & SHAPSUB DIALECT; & UBYKH (EXTINCT) (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) – Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale (LaCiTO),
Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France
Multimedia Abzakh, Bjedug, Shapsug & Ubykh Lessons,
Word List (Vocabulary) & Literature (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Click on “Corpus du Caucase”

For more information see

Corpus de la collection Pangloss,

Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale (LaCiTO) or the

Centre national de la recherche scientifique

BOTLIKH LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“5,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. use Cyrillic Script.

English <> Botlikh Dictionary & Botlikh to other Languages

“ENGLISH-BOTLIKH” “BOTLIKH-ENGLISH” AND BOTLIKH TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Botlikh Dictionary & Botlikh to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

BUDUKH LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Azerbaijan.

• • Over

“1,000” (The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan)

• • Speakers in Azerbaijan.

• • Writing System: Unwritten.

English <> Budukh Dictionary & Budukh to other Languages

“ENGLISH-BUDUKH” “BUDUKH-ENGLISH” AND BUDUKH TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Budukh Dictionary & Budukh to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

CHAMALAL LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“4,500” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. use Cyrillic Script.

English <> Chamalal Dictionary & Chamalal to other Languages

“ENGLISH-CHAMALAL” “CHAMALAL-ENGLISH” AND CHAMALAL TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Chamalal Dictionary & Chamalal to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGES

• • Northwest Caucasian Languages.

• • Spoken in the Caucasus Region including Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria &

• • Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, Abkahazia, Turkey, etc..

Russian <> Circassian Dictionaries & Circassian Languages Etymology Dictionary

“CIRCASSIAN-RUSSIAN” “RUSSIAN-CIRCASIAN” – CIRCASSIAN DICTIONARIES – Circassian Online Library
Multimedia Russian <> Circassian Dictionaries & Circassian Languages Etymology Dictionary – DjVu Viewer & PDF (Text & Images).

Click on “Dictionaries”.

Circassian Dictionaries & Circassian Etymology Dictionaries include

• • • • “…Circassian-Russian Dictionary (Editor: B.M. Kardanov);

• • • • School Russian-Circassian Dictionary (Authors: H.Z. Giaugiev & H.H. Sukunov);

• • • • Etymologic Dictionary of Circassian Languages (Author: A.K. Shagirov)…”

For more information see

Library or the

Circassian Online Library

First Year Circassian (Bzhedygu) Courses, Lessons, etc.

FIRST YEAR CIRCASSIAN (BZHEDYGU) – ZIHIA, Russia
Multimedia First Year Bzhedygu – First Year Circassian Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Circassian Language is

• • • • “…enclosed in Circassian-Abhkasian

• • • • group of the Caucasian-Iberian language family. Circassian

• • • • language has the different idioms: Abdzah, Adamiy, Baslney,

• • • • Bzhedygu, Egerykoy, Kabarday, Mahosh, Natuhay, Ubyh,

• • • • Hatikoi, Chemgui, Shapsygu. At present time the most

• • • • wide-spread at Northern Caucasus are Kabarday, Shapsygu,

• • • • Bzhedygu and Chemgui idioms…”

Examples of First Year Circassian Course Lessons include

• • • • “…Circassian Alphabet and Reading Rules;

• • • • Circassian Grammar;

• • • • Circassian Nouns;

• • • • Circassian Verbs;

• • • • Circassian Pronouns;

• • • • Circassian Numbers;

• • • • Circassian Servicing Sords;

• • • • Circassian Sentances;

• • • • English-Circassian Phrase-book;

• • • • Circassian Proverbs; etc…”

For more information see

Circassian Home Page

Circassian Literature, Poetry, Proverbs, etc.

CIRCASSIAN PROVERBS & SAYINGS – Amjad M. Jaimoukha
Multimedia Circassian Proverbs & Sayings Book – PDF, 199 Pages https://nygoodhealth.com (Text & Images).

Circassian Proverbs & Sayings Book

• • • • “…There are some 3,000 entries in this collection, which

• • • • constitutes the basic core of the corpus of Circassian proverbs

• • • • and sayings. The equivalents and meanings of the entries

• • • • in English are given…”

For more information see

Jaimoukha

DARGWA LANGUAGE & DARGWA DIALECTS INCLUDING: KAJTAK, KUBACHI, MUIRI & ITSARI

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • One of 14 Official Languages of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Also spoken in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine & Uzbekistan.

• • Over

“500,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Dargwa Dictionary & Dargwa to other Languages

“ENGLISH-DARGWA” “DARGWA-ENGLISH” AND DARGWA TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Dargwa Dictionary & Dargwa to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Dargwa Kajtak Dictionary & Dargwa Kajtak to other Languages

“ENGLISH-DARGWA (KAJTAK DIALECT)” “DARGWA (KAJTAK DIALECT)-ENGLISH” AND DARGWA (KAJTAK DIALECT) TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Dargwa (Kajtak Dialect) Dictionary & Dargwa (Kajtak Dialect) to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Dargwa Kubachi Dictionary & Dargwa Kubachi to other Languages

“ENGLISH-DARGWA (KUBACHI DIALECT)” “DARGWA (KUBACHI DIALECT)-ENGLISH” AND DARGWA (KAJTAK DIALECT) TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Dargwa (Kubachi Dialect) Dictionary & Dargwa (Kubachi Dialect) to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Dargwa Muiri Dictionary & Dargwa Muiri to other Languages

“ENGLISH-DARGWA (MUIRI DIALECT)” “DARGWA (MUIRI DIALECT)-ENGLISH” AND DARGWA (MUIRI DIALECT) TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Dargwa (Muiri Dialect) Dictionary & Dargwa (Muiri Dialect) to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Dargwa Itsari Dictionary & Dargwa Itsari to other Languages

“ENGLISH-DARGWA (ITSARI DIALECT)” “DARGWA (ITSARI DIALECT)-ENGLISH” AND DARGWA (ITSARI DIALECT) TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Dargwa (Itsari Dialect) Dictionary & Dargwa (Itsari Dialect) to other Languages (Text & Images).
FFor more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

GHODOBERI LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“3,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Ghodoberi Dictionary & Ghodoberi to other Languages

“ENGLISH-GHODOBERI” “GHODOBERI-ENGLISH” AND GHODOBERI TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Ghodoberi Dictionary & Ghodoberi to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

HINUKH LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“500” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. use Cyrillic Script.

English <> Hinukh Dictionary & Hinukh to other Languages

“ENGLISH-HINUKH” “HINUKH-ENGLISH” AND HINUKH TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Hinukh Dictionary & Hinukh to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

HUNZIB LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“500” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. use Cyrillic Script.

English <> Hunzib Dictionary & Hunzib to other Languages

“ENGLISH-HUNZIB” “HUNZIB-ENGLISH” AND HUNZIB TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Hunzib Dictionary & Hunzib to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

KABARDIAN LANGUAGE

• • A Northwest Caucasian Language.

• • One of 3 Official Languages of Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Russia.

• • Also spoken in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia, and Turkey, Jordan & Syria

• • Over

“1.6” Million (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Kabardian Courses & Lessons

KABARIAN ALPHABET – Simon Ager,
Omniglot
Multimedia Kabardian Alphabet (East Circassian, Upper Circassian) (Text & Images).
For more information see

Omniglot Index or

Omniglot

KABARDIAN VACABULARY LESSONS (WAV OR MP3) – Speaker: Beghan Alpastan;
The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive,
University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA)
Multimedia Kabardian Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Kabardian Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Words & Phrases)

• • • • Click on a “Word List” and then Click on a corresponding “Audio File (WAV or MP3)”.

For more information see

The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive

GRAMMAR OF THE KABARDIAN (KABARDIAN-CHERKESS) LANGUAGE – Amjad M. Jaimoukha
Multimedia Grammar of the Kabardian (Kabardian-Cherkess) Language (Text & Images).
For more information see

aimoukha

Kabardian Literature, Poetry, etc.

KABARDIAN FAIRY TALES – Hasan Jurt, Nalchik & Kabardino-Balkaria,
Russia
Multimedia Kabardian Fairy Tales (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
For more information see

Kabardian Home Page

KARATA LANGUAGE & KARATA DIALECTS: KARATA TOKITIN

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“5,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. use Cyrillic Script.

English <> Karata Dictionary & Karata to other Languages

“ENGLISH-KARATA” “KARATA-ENGLISH” AND KARATA TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Claudia Schmidt & Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Karata Dictionary & Karata to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Karata Tokitin Dictionary & Karata Tokitin to other Languages

“ENGLISH-KARATA TOKITIN” “KARATA TOKITIN-ENGLISH” AND KARATA TOKITIN TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Karata Tokitin Dictionary & Karata Tokitin to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

KHINALUG LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Azerbaijan.

• • Over

“1,500” (The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan)

• • Speakers in Azerbaijan.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. use Azerbaijani (Cyrillic Script).

English <> Khinalug Dictionary & Khinalug to other Languages

“ENGLISH-KHINALUG” “KHINALUG-ENGLISH” AND KHINALUG TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Khinalug Dictionary & Khinalug to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

KHVARSHI LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“1,500” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. use Cyrillic Script.

English <> Khvarshi Dictionary & Khvarshi to other Languages

“ENGLISH-KHVARSHI KHVARSHI” “KHVARSHI KHVARSHI-ENGLISH” AND KHVARSHI KHVARSHI TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange;
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Khvarshi Khvarshi Dictionary & Khvarshi Khvarshi to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Khvarshi Inxokvari Dictionary & Khvarshi Inxokvari to other Languages

“ENGLISH-KHVARSHI INXOKVARI” “KHVARSHI INXOKVARI-ENGLISH” AND KHVARSHI INXOKVARI TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange;
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine

• • • Multimedia English <> Khvarshi Inxokvari Dictionary & Khvarshi Inxokvari to other Languages (Text & Images).

• • • For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine

• • • or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

LAK LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • One of 14 Official Languages of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“150,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Lak Dictionary & Lak to other Languages

“ENGLISH-LAK” “LAK-ENGLISH” AND LAK TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Lak Dictionary & Lak to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

LEZGI LANGUAGE & LEZGI DIALECTS (KUBA & MIKRAKH)

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • One of 14 Official Languages of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Also Spoken in Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine & Uzbekistan.

• • Over

“350,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“300,000” (The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan)

• • Speakers in Azerbaijan.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Lezgi Dictionary & Lezgi to other Languages

“ENGLISH-LEZGI” “LEZGI-ENGLISH” AND LEZGI TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Lezgi Dictionary & Lezgi to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Lezgi Kuba Dictionary & Lezgi Kuba to other Languages

“ENGLISH-LEZGI KUBA” “LEZGI KUBA-ENGLISH” AND LEZGI KUBA TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Lezgi Kuba Dictionary & Lezgi Kuba to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Lezgi Mikrakh Dictionary & Lezgi Mikrakh to other Languages

“ENGLISH-LEZGI MIKRAKH” “LEZGI MIKRAKH-ENGLISH” AND LEZGI MIKRAKH TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Lezgi Mikrakh Dictionary & Lezgi Mikrakh to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

MINGRELIAN LANGUAGE – MEGRELIAN LANGUAGE

• • A South Caucasian Language – Kartvelian Language.

• • Spoken in Georgia.

• • Over

“500,000” (National Statistics Office of Georgia)

• • Speakers in Georgia.

• • Writing System: Georgian Script (Mkhedruli Style).

Megrelian (Mingrelian) <> Georgian – Megrelian Dictionary (Mingrelian Dictionary)

“MEGRELIAN (MINGRELIAN)-GEORGIAN” “GEORIGAN-MEGRELIAN (MINGRELIAN)” – Author: Otar Kajaia,
ARMAZI version by Jost Gippert,
TITUS, Goethe Uniersitüt,
Frankfurt, Germany
Multimedia Megrelian (Mingrelian) <> Georgian – “Megrelian-Georgian Dictionary Kajaia” (Text & Images).
For more information see

TITUS

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Mingrelian Courses, Lessons, etc.

MINGRELIAN VACABULARY LESSONS (WAV OR MP3) – Speaker from Abashis Raioni region, Georgia;
The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive,
University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA)
Multimedia Mingrelian Vocabulary Audio Lessons – Samurzakano-Zugdidsky Dialect (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Mingrelian Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Words & Phrases)

• • • • Click on a “Word List” and then Click on a corresponding “Audio File (WAV or MP3)”.

For more information see

The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive

RUTUL LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • One of 14 Official Languages of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Also spoken in Azerbaijan.

• • Over

“29,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Rutul Dictionary & Rutul to other Languages

“ENGLISH-RUTUL” “RUTUL-ENGLISH” – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Rutul Dictionary & Rutul to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Rutul Courses, Lessons, etc.

RUTUL VACABULARY LESSONS (WAV OR MP3) – The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive,
University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA)
Multimedia Rutul Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Rutul Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Words & Phrases)

• • • • Click on a “Word List” and then Click on a corresponding “Audio File (WAV or MP3)”.

For more information see

The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive

SVAN LANGUAGE

• • A South Caucasian Language – Kartvelian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Georgia.

• • Over

“30,000” (National Statistics Office of Georgia)

• • Speakers in Georgia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script, Georgian Script (Mkhedruli Style) & Latin Script.

Svan <> Georgian – Svan Dictionary

“SVAN-GEORGIAN” “GEORIGAN-SVAN” – Authors: V. Topuria & M. Kaldani,
Svanuri leksikoni, Tbilisi 2000;
Electronically prepared by Rusudan Ioseliani,
Tbilisi 1996-2000;
ECLING version by Jost Gippert,
TITUS, Goethe Uniersitüt,
Frankfurt, Germany
Multimedia Svan <> Georgian – “Svan-Georgian Dictionary” (Text & Images).

Click on Svan Dictionary

For more information see

TITUS or

TITUS

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Svan Courses, Lessons, etc.

SVAN VACABULARY LESSONS (WAV OR MP3) – The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive,
University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA)
Multimedia Svan Vocabulary Audio Lessons – Nizhni-Baloski Dialect (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Svan Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Words & Phrases)

• • • • Click on a “Word List” and then Click on a corresponding “Audio File (WAV or MP3)”.

For more information see

The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive

TABASSARAN LANGUAGE & TABASSARAN DIALECTS: NORTH TABASARAN (KHANAG) & SOUTH TABASARAN

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • One of 14 Official Languages of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Also spoken in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan & Uzbekistan.

• • Over

“125,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Tabassaran (North Tabasaran (Khanag) Dictionary & Tabassaran (North Tabasaran (Khanag) to other Languages

“ENGLISH-TABASSARAN (NORTH TABASARAN (KHANAG))” “TABASSARAN (NORTH TABASARAN (KHANAG))-ENGLISH” AND TABASSARAN (NORTH TABASARAN (KHANAG)) TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Tabassaran (North Tabasaran (Khanag)) Dictionary & Tabassaran (North Tabasaran (Khanag)) to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Tabassaran (South Tabasaran) Dictionary & Tabassaran (South Tabasaran) to other Languages

“ENGLISH-TABASSARAN (SOUTH TABASARAN)” “TABASSARAN (SOUTH TABASARAN)-ENGLISH” AND TABASSARAN (NORTH TABASARAN KHANAG) TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Tabassaran (South Tabasaran) Dictionary & Tabassaran (South Tabasaran) to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

TINDI LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“5,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System:
    • Unwritten.

• • • For Language Dictionaries, etc. using Cyrillic Script.

English <> Tindi Dictionary & Tindi to other Languages

“ENGLISH-TINDI” “TINDI-ENGLISH” AND TINDI TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Tindi Dictionary & Tindi to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

TSAKHUR LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • One of 14 Official Languages of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“22,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Tsakhur Dictionary & Tsakhur to other Languages

“ENGLISH-TSAKHUR” “TSAKHUR-ENGLISH” AND TSAKHUR TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Tsakhur Dictionary & Tsakhur to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

TSEZ LANGUAGE & TSEZ DIALECTS: TSEZ MOKOK & TSEZ SAGADIN

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“15,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Tsez Mokok Dictionary & Tsez Mokok to other Languages

“ENGLISH-TSEZ MOKOK” “TSEZ MOKOK-ENGLISH” AND TSEZ MOKOK TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Tsez Mokok Dictionary & Tsez Mokok to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Tsez Sagadin Dictionary & Tsez Sagadin to other Languages

“ENGLISH-TSEZ SAGADIN” “TSEZ SAGADIN-ENGLISH” AND TSEZ SAGADIN TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Tsez Sagadin Dictionary & Tsez Sagadin to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

UDI LANGUAGE

• • A Northeast Caucasian Language.

• • Spoken in Azerbaijan, Georgia & Turkmenistan.

• • Over “5,000” Speakers.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

English <> Udi Dictionary & Udi to other Languages

“ENGLISH-UDI” “UDI-ENGLISH” AND UDI TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange,
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Udi Dictionary & Udi to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

English <> Albanian
Shqipe <> Anglishte
dhe shqiptar <> Arabisht, Frëngjisht, Greqisht,

Hebraisht, Italisht, Kineze, Kroatisht, Persisht, Rusisht, Sllovakisht, etc.

Albanian Keyboards – Shqipe Tastierë

Basic Albanian Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year Albanian Courses & Lessons

Intermediate & Advanced Albanian Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Albanian Literature & Poetry

ALBANIAN LANGUAGE – GJUHËN SHQIPE – TOSK ALBANIAN – GHEG ALBANIAN

• • Tosk Albanian is the Official Language of Republic of Albania.

• • Also Spoken in Serbia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Romania, Slovenia, Italy, etc.

• • Tosk Albanian

• • Over

“1.4” Million (Unë jetoj në Shqipëri – Census Albania)

• • Tosk Albanian Speakers in Albania.

• • Over

“1” Million (Unë jetoj në Shqipëri – Census Albania)

• • Gheg Albanian Speakers in Albania.

• • Gheg Albanian

• • Over

“2” Million (Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia)

• • Gheg Albanian Speakers in Serbia.

• • Over

“600,000” Million (State Statistical Office, Republic of Macedonia)

• • Gheg Albanian Speakers in Macedonia.

• • Over

“80,000” (Statistical Office of Montengro – MONSTAT)

• • Gheg Albanian Speakers in Montenegro.

• • Arbëreshë Albanian

• • Over

“80,000” (Istituto nazionale di statistica)

• • Arbëreshë Albanian Speakers in Italy.

• • Over

“50,000” (Hellenic Statistical Authority)

• • Arvanitika Albanian Speakers in Greece.

• • U.S. Census did not Specify between Tosk Albanian, Gheg Albanian or Arvanitika Albanian.

• • Over

“125,000” (U.S. Detailed Language Tables – Conducted 2006-2008 – Released 2010 – Spoke a Language (Albanian) other than English at Home)

• • Speakers in the U.S.

• • Writing System: Latin Script & Greek Script (Arvanitika Albanian).

English <> Albanian – Shqipe <> Anglishte

English <> Albanian and Albanian to other Languages – Word, Text and Website Translation

Shqipe <> Anglishte – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

“ENGLISH-ALBANIAN” “ALBANIAN-ENGLISH” AND ALBANIAN TO OVER “63” OTHER LANGUAGES – Google
Multimedia English <> Albanian Word, Text & Website Translation and
Albanian to over “63” other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Includes Audio Pronunciation for English & Albanian.

• • • • Albanian Dictionary – Shqipe Fjalor

• • • • English <> Albanian – Word, Text and Website Translation

• • • • Shqipe <> Anglishte – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

• • • • Shqipe <> Arabisht – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

• • • • Shqipe <> Frëngjisht – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

• • • • Shqipe <> Greqisht – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

• • • • Shqipe <> Hebraisht – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

• • • • Shqipe <> Italisht – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

• • • • Shqipe <> Kineze – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

• • • • Shqipe <> Kroatisht – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

• • • • Shqipe <> Persisht – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

• • • • Shqipe <> Rusisht – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

• • • • Shqipe <> Sllovakisht – Fjala, Tekst dhe fletë interneti – Përkthim

• • • • and Albanian to over “63” other Languages

• • • • dhe shqiptar te sipër “63” tjetër Gjuhët

For more information see

Google

English <> Albanian – Shqipe <> Anglishte

“ENGLISH-ALBANIAN” “SHQIPE-ANGLISHTE” – A. Qeli, Argjiro.net
Multimedia English <> Albanian Dictionary (Text & Images).

• • • • English <> Albanian Dictionary – English Albanian Dictionary – English Albanian Translation

• • • • Shqipe <> Anglishte Fjalor – Anglishte Shqipe Fjalor – Anglishte Shqipe Përkthim

For more information see

Albi Qeli’s Home Page

“ENGLISH-ALBANIAN” “SHQIPE-ANGLISHTE” – Ectaco Corporate Center, N.Y.
Multimedia English <> Albanian Dictionary (Text & Images).

• • • • English <> Albanian Dictionary – English Albanian Dictionary – English Albanian Translation

• • • • Shqipe <> Anglishte Fjalor – Anglishte Shqipe Fjalor – Anglishte Shqipe Përkthim

For more information see

Online Dictionaries;

Ectaco U.K. or

Ectaco U.S.

“ENGLISH-ALBANIAN” “ALBANIAN-ENGLISH” GRAMMATICAL DICTIONARY – Project Leader: Leonard Newmark,
(University of California, San Diego);
Hosted by the: Center for Slavic, Eurasian and East European Studies (CSEES)
and the Salvic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC),
Duke University
Multimedia Albanian <> English Grammatical Dictionary – PDF (Text & Images).

Albanian-English Grammatical Dictionary – Shqipe-Anglishte Gramatikore Fjalor

For more information see

Reference Grammars;

Projects or the

Center for Slavic, Eurasian and East European Studies (CSEES) and the Salvic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC)

Albanian Keyboards – Shqipe Tastierë

ALBANIAN KEYBOARD – SHQUPE TASTIERË – Gate2Home.com
Multimedia Online Albanian Keyboard (Text & Images).

Albanian Keyboard (Shqipe Tastierë) allows

• • • • “…you to type in your language, and to view your language’s keyboard layout

• • • • on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply

• • • • type in a different language without messing with the

• • • • operating system settings…”

For more information see

Gate2Home.com

Basic Albanian Lessons

ALBANIAN VOCABULARY LESSONS (FLASH) – Lexin,
KTH Sveriges Största Tekniska Universitet (KTH Royal Institute of Technology),
Stockholm, Sweden
Multimedia Basic & First Year Albanian Vocabulary Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Available in Albanian (Shqip), English & Swedish.

Examples from over “30” Basic & First Year Albanian Vocabulary Lessons include

• • • • Albanian Words for the Internal Human Body Audio Lessons;

• • • • Albanian Words for Provisions and Food Audio Lessons;

• • • • Albanian Words for Womens, Mens & Childrens Clothing & Shoes Audio Lessons;

• • • • Albanian Words for Banking, Post Office and Money Audio Lessons;

• • • • Albanian Words for Animals, Pets & Insects Audio Lessons; etc…”

For more information see

LEXIN – Bildteman (Multiple Languages)

Lexin or the

KTH Sveriges Största Tekniska Universitet (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

ALBANIAN LANGUAGE (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) – BBC
Multimedia Albanian Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
For more information see

Languages;

BBC Languages Homepage;

BBC Learning or the

BBC

First Year Albanian Courses & Lessons

ALBANIAN VOCABULARY LESSONS (FLASH) – Lexin,
KTH Sveriges Största Tekniska Universitet (KTH Royal Institute of Technology),
Stockholm, Sweden
Multimedia Basic & First Year Albanian Vocabulary Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Available in Albanian (Shqip), English & Swedish.

Examples from over “30” Basic & First Year Albanian Vocabulary Lessons include

• • • • Albanian Words for the Internal Human Body Audio Lessons;

• • • • Albanian Words for Provisions and Food Audio Lessons;

• • • • Albanian Words for Womens, Mens & Childrens Clothing & Shoes Audio Lessons;

• • • • Albanian Words for Banking, Post Office and Money Audio Lessons;

• • • • Albanian Words for Animals, Pets & Insects Audio Lessons; etc…”

For more information see

LEXIN – Bildteman (Multiple Languages)

Lexin or the

KTH Sveriges Största Tekniska Universitet (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

ALBANIAN LESSONS – CULTURETALK ALBANIA – Five College Center for the Study of World Languages;
Five Colleges, Incorporated is the consortium of Amherst College,
Hampshire College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College and the
University of Massachusetts at Amherst;
Five Colleges, Inc.
Multimedia First Year Albanian Lessons – CultureTalk Albania (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).

Examples of First Year Albanian Lessons Video Lessons include

• • • • “…Music and Literature Video Lessons;

• • • • Albanian Food Video Lessons;

• • • • Religious & Cultural Traditions Video Lessons;

• • • • Social Interaction Video Lessons; etc…”

For more information see

Albanian;

LangMedia: Resources of World Languages or the

Five Colleges, Incorporated

Intermediate & Advanced Albanian Courses & Lessons

Intermediate & Advanced Albanian Courses & Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

ALBANIAN (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) – Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS),
Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC),
Monterey, California
Multimedia First Year, Intermediate Albanian & Advanced Albanian Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Click on “Albanian”, then “Proficiency Level” and then
Skill/Modality”.

All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:

• • • • “…Lexical (Albanian Vocabulary),

• • • • Structure (Albanian Grammar),

• • • • Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Albanian Conversations, etc.)…”

Proficiency Levels include

• • • • First Year Albanian (1) includes over “37” Albanian Listening Lessons & Albanian Reading Lessons.

• • • • First Year Albanian (1+) includes over “38” Albanian Listening Lessons & Albanian Reading Lessons.

• • • • Intermediate Albanian (2) includes over “92” Albanian Listening Lessons & Albanian Reading Lessons.

• • • • Intermediate Albanian (2+) includes over “72” Albanian Listening Lessons & Albanian Reading Lessons.

• • • • Advanced Albanian (3) includes over “18” Albanian Listening Lessons & Albanian Reading Lessons.

• • • • Advanced Albanian (3+) includes over “1” Albanian Listening Lessons & Albanian Reading Lessons.

For more information see the

Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC)

Albanian Literature & Poetry

ALBANIAN LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION – Robert Elsie
Multimedia Albanian Literature & Albanian Poetry (Text & Images).

Available in English, Albanian, French & German.

Albanian Literature in Translation

• • • • “…This web site contains the largest selection of Albanian literature ever

• • • • to have appeared in English translation. It comprises a wide range of

• • • • Albanian authors from past and present, including writers from Albania,

• • • • Kosova and the Albanian diaspora. These translations are the fruits of

• • • • over twenty years of research in the field of Albanian studies. Some were

• • • • published, but most of them appear here for the first time…”

For more information see

Robert Elsie’s Home Page

Altai Literature & Poetry

ALTAI LANGUAGE

• • One of Two Official Languages of the Altai Republic, Siberia, Russia.

• • Over

“70,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Altai Republic, Siberia, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script & Mongolian Script.

Altai Literature & Poetry

ALTAI LITERATURE – The Altai State Regional Studies Museum,
Russia
Multimedia Altai Literature: Myths and Legends (Text & Images).

Altai State Regional Studies Museum

• “…Collections which have existed since the moment of museum foundation refer to a

• particularly valuable part of the museum fund. They include historical-technical,

• mineral collections, collections of drawings, maps and books. Arheological, ethnografical,

• numesmatic collections and collected works on history of stone-cutting are of

great scientific importance…”

Aramaic Language & Syriac Language
Dictionaries, Lexicons, Courses & Lessons

Assyrian Language & Akkadian Language Dictionaries & Lessons

Cuneiform Tablets

Demotic Dictionaries, Lessons, etc.

Old Bulgar Language: Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars Lessons, Literature, etc.

Phoenician Dictionaries, Courses, Lessons, Literature, etc.

Sumerian Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

Thracian Lessons, Literature, etc.

Ugaritic Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

Vindolanda Tablets

ARAMAIC – SYRIAC LANGUAGE, ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE – AKKADIAN LANGUAGE, DEMOTIC LANGUAGE, PHOENICIAN LANGUAGE,

• • SUMERIAN LANGUAGE, CUNEIFORM TABLETS, VINDOLANADA TABLETS, OLD BULGAR LANGUAGE, THRACIAN LANGUAGE

ARAMAIC – SYRIAC LANGUAGE

ARAMAIC LANGUAGE

Aramaic Dictionaries, Courses, etc.

ARAMAIC SCRIPT – ARAMAIC ALPHABET – Omniglot
Multimedia Aramaic Script (Text & Images).
For more information see

Omniglot

ARAMAIC LEXICON – Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon,
Jewish Institute of Religion, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, Ohio
Multimedia Aramaic Lexicon (Text & Images).

Available dialects include

• • “…General, Babylonian Talmudic, Christian Palestinian Aramaic…”

Aramaic

• • “…is one of the Semitic languages, an important group of languages

• • known almost from the beginning of human history and including also Arabic,

• • Hebrew, Ethiopic, and Akkadian (ancient Babylonian and Assyrian)…”

For more information see

Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon or the

Jewish Institute of Religion, Hebrew Union College

SYRIAC LANGUAGE

Syriac Dictionaries, Courses, etc. – Sureth Dictionaries, Courses, etc.

SYRIAC SCRIPT – SYRIAC ALPHABET – Omniglot
Multimedia Syriac Script – Syriac scripts include: Es?rangel? script, Ser?? script & Madn??y? script Script (Text & Images).
For more information see

Omniglot

SYRIAC SCRIPT – Omniglot, Simon Ager
Multimedia Syriac Script (Text & Images).
For more information see the

Omniglot

SYRIAC DICTIONARY (SURETH DICTIONARY) – Association Assyrophile de France,
Paris, France
Multimedia Sureth Dictionary – Syriac Dictionary (Text & Images).

Syriac-Aramaic Language Courses

INTRODUCTION TO THE SYRIAC-ARAMAIC LANGUAGE – Beith Souryoyé Morounoyé
Multimedia Introduction To The Syriac-Aramaic Language Course (Text & Images).

Available in English, French & Arabic.

Examples of “Introduction To The Syriac-Aramaic Language” Course Lessons include

• • “…Syriac-Aramaic Alphabet;

• • Syriac-Aramaic Vowels, and the Alphabet;

• • Syriac-Aramaic Pronunciation/vocabulary/reading; etc…”

Aramaic Study Books include

• • “…Syriac New Method Readers, Book 1, 2 & 3; etc…”

For more information see the

Beith Souryoyé Morounoyé

ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE – AKKADIAN LANGUAGE

Assyrian – Akkadian: Dictionaries, etc.

“ENGLISH <> AKKADIAN” “AKKADIAN <> ENGLISH” AND “FRENCH <> AKKADIAN” “AKKADIAN <> FRENCH” DICTIONARY – Olivier Lauffenburger,
Association Assyrophile de France,
Paris, France
Multimedia English <> Akkadian & French <> Akkadian Dictionary (Text & Images).
For more information see the

The Hittite Grammar Homepage

THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO – Editor-in-Charge: M.T. Roth,
Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)
Multimedia English <> Assyrian – Akkadian Dictionary (Text & Images).

The Chicago Assyrian Dictionary

• • “…was conceived to provide more than lexical information alone, more

• • than a one-to-one equivalent between Akkadian and English words. By presenting

• • each word in a meaningful context, usually with a full and idiomatic translation,

• • it recreates the cultural milieu and thus in many ways assumes the function of

• • an encyclopedia. Its source material ranges in time from the third millennium b.c.

• • to the first century a.d., and in geographic area from the Mediterranean Sea in

• • the west to the Zagros Mountains in the east…”

For more information see the

Oriental Institute MESOPOTAMIA (Iraq, Syria) Projects;

Research Projects or the

Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)

CUNEIFORM TABLETS

Cuneiform Tablets, etc.

CUNEIFORM DIGITAL LIBRARY – Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI),
Principle Investigators: Robert K. Englund (University of California, Los Angeles) and
Peter Damerow (Max Plank Institute for the History of Science),
Hosted by UCLA
Multimedia Cuneiform Tablets Database (Text & Images).

The Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI)

• • “…represents the efforts of an international group of Assyriologists,

• • museum curators and historians of science to make available through the

• • internet the form and content of cuneiform tablets dating from the beginning

• • of writing, ca. 3350 BC, until the end of the pre-Christian era. We estimate

• • the number of these documents currently kept in public and private

• • collections to exceed 500,000 exemplars, of which now more than 200,000 have

• • been catalogued in electronic form by the CDLI…”

For more information see

Principal Investigators, Co-Principal Investigators, Partners, etc.

THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH – Academy for Ancient Texts
Multimedia The Epic of Gilgamesh (Text & Images).

The Epic of Gilgamesh

• • “…is, perhaps, the oldest written story on Earth. It comes to us

• • from Ancient Sumeria, and was originally written on 12 clay tablets in

• • cunieform script. It is about the adventures of the historical

• • King of Uruk (somewhere between 2750 and 2500 BCE)…”

For more information see

Mesopotamian Texts Archive;

Ancient Texts Archive or the

Academy for Ancient Texts

DEMOTIC LANGUAGE

Demotic Dictionaries, Lessons, etc.

THE DEMOTIC DICTIONARY OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO – Editor: J.H.Johnson,
Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago,
University of Chicago
Multimedia Demotic Dictionary (Text & Images).

The Chicago Demotic Dictionary

• • “…is a lexicographic tool for reading texts written in a late state of the

• • ancient Egyptian language and in a highly cursive script, both known as Demotic.

• • In use from ca. 650 B.C. until the middle of the fifth century A.D., coverint

• • three main time periods (early, Ptolemaic, and Roman), Demotic served as a

• • medium for a wide variety of text types. These include…”

For more information see the

Chicago Demotic Dictionary Home Page;

Oriental Institute Ancient Egypt (Egypt and Sudan) Projects;

Research Projects or the

Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)

OLD BULGAR LANGUAGE

Old Bulgar Language: Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars Lessons, Literature, etc.

OLD BULGAR: ASPARUKH AND KUBER BULGARS – Author: Peter Dobrev,
Hosted by Vassil Karloukovski
Multimedia Old Bulgar: Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars Vocabulary and Grammar (Text & Images).

Examples of “Old Bulgar: Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars Vocabulary and Grammar” Subject Categories include

• • “…Characteristic features of the Bulgar grammar;

• • Features of the old Bulgar language, preserved in the modern Bulgarian language;

• • A phonetic model of the language of the Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars;

• • Bulgar words preserved in the modern Bulgarian language; etc…”

For more information see

Vassil Karloukovski’s Home Page

PHOENICIAN LANGUAGE

Phoenician Dictionaries, Courses, Lessons, Literature, etc.

ENCYCLOPEDIA PHOENICIANA – Phoenicia.org
Multimedia Encyclopedia Phoeniciana (Text & Images).

Encyclopedia Phoeniciana

• • “…the largest web compilation & repository of studies about the

• • origin, history, geography, religion, arts, thinkers, trade, industry,

• • mythology, language, literature, music, wars, archaeology and

• • culture of the Canaanite Phoenicians…”

CLASSICAL PHOENICIAN SCARAB CORPUS – The Beazley Archive,
University of Oxford
Multimedia Classical Phoenician Scarab Corpu (Text & Images).

Classical Phoenician Scarabs

• • “…were made in Phoenicia in the period of the Achaemenid Persian empire,

• • from the later sixth century to the mid-fourth century BC. Beside the

• • Etruscan, they are the last major production of scarab seals of antiquity.

• • They are made of green jasper, the colour probably being of as much

• • importance as their intaglios since it enhances their amuletic value…”

For more information see

The Beazley Archive

SUMERIAN LANGUAGE

Sumerian Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

SUMERIAN: THE ELECTRONIC TEXT CORPUS OF SUMERIAN LITERATURE – Faculty of Oriental Studies (The Oriental Institute),
University of Oxford, U.K.
Multimedia Sumerian Database (Text & Images).

Sumerian

• • “…is the first language for which we have written evidence and its

• • literature the earliest known…”

The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL),

• • “…a project of the University of Oxford, comprises a selection of nearly 400 literary

• • compositions recorded on sources which come from ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and

• • date to the late third and early second millennia BCE.

• • The corpus contains Sumerian texts in transliteration, English prose translations

• • and bibliographical information…”

For more information see the

Faculty of Oriental Studies

SUMERIAN DICTIONARY: INDEX TO SUMERIAN SECONDARY LITERATURE – S. Tinney,
The Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (EPSD),
Research at the Penn Museum;
Penn Museum,
University of Pennsylvania
Multimedia Sumerian Dictionary (Text & Images).

The Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (ePSD)

• • “…an online lexicon of Sumerian, the world’s earliest written language

• • which has no relatives, living or dead. The project is housed at the Penn Museum because

• • of its outstanding collection of ancient scribal excercises in Sumerian…”

For more information see the

The Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (ePSD);

Babylonian Section;

Research: Projects & Researchers or the

Penn Museum

THRACIAN LANGUAGE

Thracian Lessons, Literature, etc.

THRACIAN LANGUAGE – Author: Ivan Duridanov,
Hosted by Vassil Karloukovski
Multimedia Thracian Language (Text & Images).

Examples of “Thracian Language” Subject Categories include

• • “…Thracian Words;

• • Thracian Onomastics;

• • Thracian Vocabulary;

• • Comparative phonetics of the Thracian language;

• • The Thracian, Dacian and Paeonian languages; etc…”

For more information see

Vassil Karloukovski’s Home Page

UGARITIC LANGUAGE

Ugaritic Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

UGARITIC SCRIPT – Wikipedia.org
Multimedia Ugaritic Script (Text & Images).

Ugaritic Script

• • “…Clay tablets written in Ugaritic provided the first evidence of the “modern” ordering of letters,

• • which in Ugaritic went like a, b, g, and so on, that eventually gave the order

• • of letters in the Greek and Roman abecedaries…”

A PRIMER ON UGARITIC: LANGUAGE, CULTURE, AND LITERATURE – Authors: William M. Schniedewind
(Kershaw Chair of Ancient Eastern Mediterranean Studies,
Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures (NELC), UCLA)
& Joel H. Hunt;
Published by: Cambridge University Press, July, 2007;
Hosted by: Google Books
Multimedia “A Primer on Ugaritic: Language, Culture, and Literature” – Book, 242 Pages (Text & Images).
For more information see

William M. Schniedewind’s Home Page or the

Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures (NELC)

VINDOLANDA TABLETS

Vindolanda Tablets

VINDOLANDA TABLETS ONLINE – Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD),
University of Oxford, U.K.
Multimedia Vindolanda Tablets (Text & Images).

Vindolanda Tablets

• • “…This online edition of the Vindolanda writing tablets,

• • excavated from the Roman fort at Vindolanda

• • in northern England…”

For more information see the

Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSASD)

English <> Archi & Russian <> Archi Dictionary
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Basic Archi Lessons

First Year Archi Courses, Lessons, etc.
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

ARCHI LANGUAGE

• • Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Over

“1,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia.

• • Writing System: See

Writing Systems for the Archi Language – LangueDOC, Hosted by the:
Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics,
Moscow State University

English <> Archi & Russian <> Archi Dictionary

“ENGLISH-ARCHI” “ARCHI-ENGLISH” AND “RUSSIAN-ARCHI” “ARCHI-RUSSIAN – Surrey Morphology Group,
Department of English,
University of Surrey,
Surrey, U.K.
Multimedia English <> Archi Dictionary & Russian <> Archi Dictionary (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

English <> Archi Dictionary & Russian <> Archi Dictionary

• • • • “…A Dictionary of the Archi (Daghestanian) Language including word sounds

• • • • and illustrations…”

For more information see

Archi Language

Languages;

Databases or the

Surrey Morphology Group

Basic Archi Lessons

ARCHI ALPHABET – LangueDOC,
Hosted by the:
Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics,
Moscow State University
Multimedia Archi Alphabet (Text & Images).
For more information see

Archi Language;

Languages or

LangueDOC

First Year Archi Courses, Lessons, etc.

ARCHI VACABULARY LESSONS (WAV OR MP3) – The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive,
University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA)
Multimedia Archi Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Archi Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Words & Phrases)

• • • • Click on a “Word List” and then Click on a corresponding “Audio File (WAV or MP3)”.

For more information see

The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive

English <> Armenian Dictionaries ~
Armenian Dictionaries

Armenian Keyboards

First Year Armenian Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Intermediate & Advanced Classical Armenian Courses & Lessons

Armenian Literature, Poetry & Mythology

ARMENIAN LANGUAGE

• • Official Language of the Republic of Armenia.

• • Also Spoken in over “30” Countries Worldwide

• • Over

“3” Million (National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia)

• • Speakers in Armenia.

• • Over “300,000” Speakers in Syria.

• • Over “225,000” Speakers in Lebanon.

• • Over “170,000” Speakers in Iran.

• • Over

“150,000” (The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan)

• • Speakers in Azerbaijan.

• • Over “60,000” Armenian Speakers in Iraq.

• • Over

“220,000” (U.S. Detailed Language Tables – Conducted 2006-2008 – Released 2010 – Spoke a Language (Armenian) other than English at Home)

• • Speakers in the U.S.

• • Over “6” Million Speakers World Wide.

• • Writing System: Armenian Script.

English <> Armenian Language Dictionaries

“ENGLISH-ARMENIAN (EASTERN)” “ARMENIAN (EASTERN)-ENGLISH” AND ARMENIAN (EASTERN) TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler & Data Entry Personnel: Dora Sakayan;
Consultant: Amalia Khatchatrian;
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Armenian (Eastern) Dictionary & Armenian (Eastern) to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

“ENGLISH-ARMENIAN (WESTERN)” “ARMENIAN (WESTERN)-ENGLISH” AND ARMENIAN (WESTERN) TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler & Data Entry Personnel: Dora Sakayan;
Consultant: Amalia Khatchatrian;
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Armenian (Western) Dictionary & Armenian (Western) to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

“ENGLISH-ARMENIAN” “ARMENIAN-ENGLISH” – T. Nazaryan, masis.am, Armenia
Multimedia English <> Armenian Dictionary (Text & Iamges).

• • English <> Armenian Dictionary – English Armenian Dictionary – English Armenian Translation

Armenian Dictionaries

ARMENIAN DICTIONARY – Nayiri
Multimedia Armenian Dictionary (Text & Iamges).

• • Armenian Dictionary

Interactive Armenian Keyboards

ARMENIAN KEYBOARD – EASTERN, CLASSICAL ARMENIAN – Translitteration.com,
Mancko SA
Multimedia Online Armenian Keyboard – Eastern, Classical Armenian (Text & Images).
For more information see

Translitteration or

Mancko SA

ARMENIAN KEYBOARD – WESTERN ARMENIAN – Translitteration.com,
Mancko SA
Multimedia Online Armenian Keyboard – Western Armenian (Text & Images).
For more information see

Translitteration or

Mancko SA

ARMENIAN KEYBOARD – incks.com,
Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany
Multimedia Online Armenian Keyboard (Text & Images).

Armenian Keyboard

• • “…Here you can write Armenian text…then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out…”

For more information see

incks.com

ARMENIAN KEYBOARD – Gate2Home.com
Multimedia Online Armenian Keyboard (Text & Images).

Armenian Keyboard allows

• • “…you to type in your language, and to view your language’s keyboard layout

• • on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply

• • type in a different language without messing with the

• • operating system settings…”

Armenian Keyboard includes

• • “…Armenian Eastern Keyboard & Armenian Western Keyboard…”

For more information see

Gate2Home.com

First Year Armenian Courses, Lessons, etc.

First Year Eastern Armenian Online Books

ARMENIAN BOOK – Armeniapedia: The Online Armenia Encyclopedia,
Armeniapedia.org
Multimedia Eastern Armenian Online Book (Text & Images).

Eastern Armenian Lessons Online Book

• • “…will enable English speakers to learn Armenian at their own pace. Eastern Armenian is spoken in

• • Armenia, Russia and Iran…”

Examples of “Eastern Armenian Online Book” Chapters include

• • “…Armenian Alphabet;

• • Armenian Grammar;

• • Armenian Lexicology;

• • Armenian Word Formation;

• • Armenian Literature…”

For more information see

Armeniapedia: The Online Armenia Encyclopedia

First Year Armenian Vocabulary Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

ARMENIAN VACABULARY LESSONS (WAV OR MP3) – Speakers from
Yerevan, Armenia; Kessab, Syria; Beirut, Lebanon; Tehran, Iran; Jerusalem, Israel; etc.;
The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive,
University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA)
Multimedia Armenian Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Armenian Vocabulary Audio Lessons (Words & Phrases)

• • Click on a “Word List” and then Click on a corresponding “Audio File (WAV or MP3)”.

For more information see

The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive

Intermediate & Advanced Classical Armenian Courses & Lessons

CLASSICAL ARMENIAN ONLINE COURSE – Authors: Todd B. Krause and Jonathan Slocum,
Linguistics Research Center (LRC),
College of Liberal Arts,
University of Texas, Austin, Texas
Multimedia Classical Armenian Online Course (Text & Images).

Classical Armenian Language

• • “…The earliest documentary evidence of the Armenians is a sixth century B.C. inscription in

• • Behistun by the Persian king Darius I. It was nearly a thousand years, however, before the Armenians

• • themselves began to put their language to writing, when in 406 or 407 A.D. a

• • priest Mast?oc? (also known as Mesrop) developed an Armenian alphabet…”

Examples of “Classical Armenian Course” Sections include

• • Classical Armenian Grammar Lessons include
    • “…The Classical Armenian Alphabet and Classical Armenian Sound System;

• • • Over “24” Classical Armenian Grammar Lessons…”

Classical Armenian Reading Lessons include

• • • “…Faustos Buzand’s The History of Armenia, Book IV, Chapter 5; etc…”

Grammar Points; etc…”

For more information see the

Early Indo-European Online;

Welcome to the LRC or the

Linguistics Research Center (LRC)

Armenian Literature, Poetry & Mythology

ARMENIAN LITERATURE – Anna & Karen Vrtanesyan, Armenian House
Multimedia Armenian Literature (Text & Images).

Armenian Literature includes

• • “…Armenian Fiction Literature;

• • Armenian Nonfiction Literature;

• • Armenian History Literature;

• • Armenian Religion Literature;

• • Armenian Mythology; etc…”

English <> Austronesian Languages
Vocabulary Word Lists, Comparative Dictionaries, Oceanic Languages Audio Recordings

A few examples of specific Austronesian Languages within the LANGUAGE CENTER
that include Dictionaries, Courses, Lessons, Literature, etc.

AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES

English <> Austronesian Languages Vocabulary Word Lists, Comparative Dictionaries, Oceanic Languages Audio Recordings

“ENGLISH-AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES” “AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES-ENGLISH” – AUSTRONESIAN VOCABULARY DATABASE – Simon Greenhill, Robert Blust,
Simon Greenhill, et. al;
Hosted by the Max-Planck-Geselloschaft
Multimedia Austronesian Languages Vocabulary Word Lists (Text & Images).
Austronesian Languages Vocabulary Word Lists

• • “…This database contains 197,512 lexical items from 949 languages spoken throughout

• • the Pacific region. Most of these languages belong to the Austronesian language family,

• • which is the largest family in the world containing around 1,000 and 1,200 languages….”

• • “…Each language in our database has around 210 words associated with it. These words correspond

• • to basic items of vocabulary…”

For more information see

Austronesian Home Page

MAORI-POLYNESIAN COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY – Author: E.R. Tregear,
Hosted by the: New Zealand Electronic Text Centre,
Victoria University of Wellington,
New Zealand
Multimedia Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary (Text & Images).

Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary Languages include

• • “…Maori & Polynesian Languages including

• • Aneityum; Futuna-Aniwa; Fiji; Futuna-Aniwa; Gah; Kayan (Uma Juman);

• • Malagasy; Malay; Mangarevan; Marquesan; Paumotan; Raratongan; Sikayana; etc…”

For more information see

Language or the

New Zealand Electronic Text Center

AUDIO RECORDINGS OF OCEANIC LANGUAGES – Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale (LaCiTO),
Centre national de la recherche scientifique,
France
Multimedia Oceanic Languages Audio Recordings (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Click on Pacific

LaCiTO (Pacific/Corpus d’Océanie Languages)

• • “…provides free access to documents of connected,

• • spontaneous speech, mostly in “rare” or endangered languages,

• • recorded in their cultural context and transcribed in

• • consultation with native speakers…”

Examples of Oceanic Languages Audio Recordings include

• • Languages of New Caledonia
    • “…Bwatoo Language;

• • • Drehu Language;

• • • Fagauvea Language;

• • • Iaai Language;

• • • Nemi Language;

• • • Yuanga Language; etc…”

Languages of Vanuatu; etc.

For more information see the

Corpus de la collection Pangloss;

Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale (LaCiTO) or the

Centre national de la recherche scientifique

A Few Examples of Specific Austronesian Languages within the Center that include Dictionaries, Courses, Literature, etc.

Formosan Languages

Kiribati Language (Gilbertese Language)

Hawaiian Language

Maori Language

Marshallese Language

Papua New Guinea Languages

Languages of the Philippines

Vanuatu Languages

English <> Azerbaijani Dictionaries
and Azerbaijani to other Languages

Dictionaries of Azerbaijani Dialects

Terekeme (an Azerbaijani Dialect)

Azerbaijani Text-to-Speech

Azerbaijani Keyboards

Basic Azerbaijani Lessons, etc.

First Year Azerbaijani Courses, Lessons, Textbooks, etc.
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Intermediate & Advanced Azerbaijani Courses, Lessons, Textbooks, etc.
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Azerbaijani Literature & Poetry

AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE – NORTH AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE – SOUTH AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE

• • NORTH AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE – AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE – AZERI LANGUAGE

• • Official Language of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

• • Also Spoken in Armenia, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation (Asia), Turkmenistan, Ukraine & Uzbekistan.

• • Over

“6.3” Million (The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan)

• • Speakers in Azerbaijan.

• • Over

“700,000” (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Russia.

• • Over

“150,000” (National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia)

• • Speakers in Armenia.

• • Over

“1,000” (U.S. Detailed Language Tables – Conducted 2006-2008 – Released 2010 – Spoke a Language (North Azerbaijani) other than English at Home)

• • Speakers in the U.S.

• • Over “7.5” Million Speakers World Wide.

• • Writing System: Latin Script (Official Script) & Cyrillic Script.

• • SOUTH AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE – TORKI LANGUAGE

• • Spoken in Iran.

• • Also Spoken in Afghanistan, Iraq, Jordan, Syria & Turkey.

• • Over “11.5” Million Speakers in Iran.

• • Over “800,000” Speakers in Iraq.

• • Over

“500,000” (Turkish Statistical Institute)

• • Speakers in Turkey.

• • Over “13” Million Speakers World Wide.

• • Writing System: Arabic Script (Perso-Arabic Script) & Latin Script.

English <> Azerbaijani Dictionaries and Azerbaijani to other Languages

English <> Azerbaijani (Latin Script) & Azerbaijani (Latin Script) to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AZERBAIJANI” “AZERBAIJANI-ENGLISH” AND OTHER LANGUAGES – Dilmanc.az,
Sponsored by: The Ministry of Communication and Information Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Multimedia English <> Azerbaijani Dictionary & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Dilmanc Dictionaries include

• • “…English <> Azerbaijani;

• • Azerbaijani <> English, Turkish & Russsian;

• • Russian <> Azerbaijani & Turkish;

• • Turkish <> Azerbaijani & Russian…”

For more information see the

Dilmanc Translation System

“ENGLISH-AZERBAIJANI” “AZERBAIJANI-ENGLISH” AND AZERBAIJANI TO OVER “63” OTHER LANGUAGES – Google
Multimedia English <> Azerbaijani (Azeri), Word, Text & Website Translation and
Azerbaijani (Azeri) to over “63” other Languages (Text & Images).

• • English <> Azerbaijani (Azeri) – Word, Text & Website Translation

• • and Azerbaijani (Azeri) Word, Text & Website Translation to over “63” other Languages.

For more information see

Google

“ENGLISH-AZERBAIJANI” “AZERBAIJANI-ENGLISH” AND “RUSSIAN-AZERBAIJANI” “AZERBAIJANI-RUSSIAN” – AzerDic.com
Multimedia English <> Azerbaijani Dictionary & Russian <> Azerbaijani Dictionary (Text & Images).

English <> Azerbaijani Dictionary includes

• • “…more than 150,000 word entries…”

Russian <> Azerbaijani Dictionary includes

• • “…contains overall 50,000 words and phrases; 10,000 in Russian Azerbaijani and 40,000 in Azerbaijani Russian respectively…”

English <> Azerbaijani (Cyrillic Script) & Azerbaijani (Cyrillic Script) to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AZERBAIJAN” “AZERBAIJAN-ENGLISH” AND AZERBAIJAN TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange;
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Azerbaijan Dictionary & Azerbaijan to other Languages (Text & Images).
For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

Dictionaries of Azerbaijani Dialects

English <> Azerbaijan Dialect Terekeme (Cyrillic Script) Dictionaries and Azerbaijan Dialect Terekeme to other Languages

“ENGLISH-AZERBAIJAN DIALECT TEREKEME” “AZERBAIJAN DIALECT TEREKEME-ENGLISH” AND AZERBAIJAN DIALECT TEREKEME TO OTHER LANGUAGES – Compiler: Madzhid Khalilov,
Data Entry Personnel: Stefan Lange;
Founding Editor: Mary Ritchie Key (University of California, Irvine),
General Editor: Bernard Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig),
The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS);
Hosted by: Internet Archive Wayback Machine
Multimedia English <> Azerbaijan Dialect Terekeme Dictionary & Azerbaijan Dialect Terekeme to other Languages (Text & Images).

For more information see

Internet Archive Wayback Machine or

Formerly hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

Azerbaijani Text-To-Speech (Azeri Text-To-Speech) (Latin Script) – Text, Images and Audio

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: “AZERBAIJANI (AZERI)” – MALE VOICE – Dilmanc.az,
Sponsored by: The Ministry of Communication and Information Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Multimedia Azerbaijani Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Azerbaijani Text-To-Speech (TTS)

• • “…Azerbaijani Speech Synthesis – Azeri Speech Synthesis…”

For more information see the

Dilmanc – Linguistic Technologies or the

The Ministry of Communication and Information Technologies of the Republic of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijani Keyboards – Azeri Keyboards

AZERI KEYBOARD – AZERBAIJANI KEYBOARD (LATIN SCRIPT & CYRILLIC SCRIPT) – Gate2Home.com
Multimedia Online Azeri Keyboard (Latin Cript & Cyrillic Script) (Text & Images).

Azeri Keyboard allows

• • “…you to type in your language, and to view your language’s keyboard layout

• • on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply

• • type in a different language without messing with the

• • operating system settings…”

Azeri Keyboard includes

• • “…Azeri Cyrillic Keyboard & Azeri Latin Keyboard…”

For more information see

Gate2Home.com

Basic Azerbaijani Lessons, etc.

AZERBAIJANI ALPHABETS – Simon Ager,
Omniglot
Multimedia Azerbaijani Alphabets (Text & Images).

Azerbaijani Alphabets include:

• • “…Latin Alphabet;

• • Cyrillic Alplhabet;

• • Arabic Script (Alphabet)…”

For more information see

Omniglot A-Z Index or

Omniglot

BASIC AZERI – Azeri Org., Azerbaijan International
Multimedia Azeri (Azerbaijani) Lessons (Text & Images).

Examples of Basic Azeri Lessons (Azerbaijani Lessons) include

• • “…Azeri Alphabet (Azerbaijani Alphabet) with Audio Pronunciation for each Letter;

• • Learning Azeri in Social Context;

• • Azerbaijani Proverbs, Everyday Expressions; etc…”

For more information see

The Azeri Language and Literature or the

Azerbaijani International Magazine

First Year Azerbaijani Courses, Lessons, Spell Checkers, etc. (Latin Script)

First Year Azerbaijani Courses & Lessons with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

AZERBAIJANI LESSONS – CULTURETALK AZERBAIJAN – Five College Center for the Study of World Languages;
Five Colleges, Incorporated is the consortium of Amherst College,
Hampshire College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College and the
University of Massachusetts at Amherst;
Five Colleges, Inc.
Multimedia First Year Azerbaijani Lessons – CultureTalk Azerbaijan (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).

Examples of “CultureTalk Azerbaijan” Video Lessons include

• • “…Azerbaijani Arts & Entertainment Video Lessons;

• • Azerbaijani Azerbaijani Food Video Lessons;

• • Azerbaijani Recreation Video Lessons;

• • Azerbaijani Religious & Cultural Traditions Video Lessons;

• • Azerbaijani Society, Health, & Environment Video Lessons; etc…”

For more information see

Azerbaijani;

LangMedia: Resources of World Languages or the

Five Colleges, Incorporated

Azerbaijani Spell Checker – Azeri Spell Checker

AZERBAIJANI SPELLCHECKER – AzerDic.com
Multimedia Azerbaijani Spell Checker – Orthographic Dictionary of Azerbaijani (Text & Images).

Azerbaijani Spell Checker – Orthographic Dictionary of Azerbaijani

• • “…correct spelling of up to 80,000 words’ exist in orthographic dictionary…”

For more information see

AzerDic.com

Intermediate & Advanced Azerbaijani Courses & Lessons (Latin Script)

Intermediate & Advanced Azerbaijani Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

AZERBAIJANI (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) – Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS),
Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC),
Monterey, California
Multimedia First Year Intermediate & Advanced Azerbaijani Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Click on “Azerbaijani”, then “Proficiency Level” and then Skill/Modality”.

All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into
one of three primary competencies:

• • “…Lexical (Azerbaijani Vocabulary),

• • Structure (Azerbaijani Grammar),

• • Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Azerbaijani Conversations, etc.)…”

Proficiency Levels include

• • First Year Azerbaijani (1) includes over “30” Azerbaijani Listening Lessons & Azerbaijani Reading Lessons.

• • First Year Azerbaijani (1+) includes over “14” Azerbaijani Listening Lessons & Azerbaijani Reading Lessons.

• • Intermediate Azerbaijani (2) includes over “18” Azerbaijani Listening Lessons & Azerbaijani Reading Lessons.

• • Intermediate Azerbaijani (2+) includes over “7” Azerbaijani Listening Lessons & Azerbaijani Reading Lessons.

For more information see the

Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC)

PRONUNCIATION AND MEANING OF AZERI NAMES (WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) – E.D. Lawson, Richard F. Sheil
(Department of Psychology, State University of New York (SUNY), Fredonia, New York),
and Farid Alakbarli (Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Azerbaijan)
Multimedia Pronunciation and Meaning of Azeri Names (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).

Pronunciation and Meaning of Estonian Names

• • “…Farid Alakbarli provided the field collection of the data, the voice rendition,

• • and collaborated on the content of the names analysis…”

For more information see

Edwin D. Lawson’s Home Page

Azerbaijani Literature & Poetry (Latin Script)

AZERBAIJANI LITERATURE – Azeri Org., Azerbaijani International Magazine
Multimedia Azerbaijani Literature (Text & Images).
For more information see the

The Azeri Language and Literature or the

Azerbaijani International Magazine

English <> Baluchi (Balochi) Dictionaries

First Year & Intermediate Baluchi (Balochi) Courses, Lessons, Textbooks, etc.

Baluchi (Balochi) Literature, Poetry & Proverbs

BALUCHI LANGUAGE – BALOCHI LANGUAGE – BALUCI LANGUAGE

• • EASTERN BALOCHI

• • Spoken in the Northeast Balochistan Province, Pakistan.

• • Also Spoken in India.

• • Over

“1.8” Million (Ministry of Economic Affairs and Statistics)

• • Eastern Balochi Speakers in Pakistan.

• • Writing System: Arabic Script (Nastaliq Style – Nasta?l?q Style).

• • SOUTHERN BALOCHI

• • Spoken in the South Balochistan Province, Pakistan.

• • Also Spoken in Iran, Oman & United Arab Emirates.

• • Over

“2.6” Million (Ministry of Economic Affairs and Statistics)

• • Southern Balochi Speakers in Pakistan.

• • Over “3.3” Million Speakers Worldwide.

• • Writing System: Arabic Script (Nastaliq Style – Nasta?l?q Style).

• • WESTERN BALOCHI

• • Spoken in the Northwest Balochistan Province, Pakistan,

• • Also spoken in Afghanistan, Iran, Tajikistan & Turkmenistan.

• • Over

“1” Million (Ministry of Economic Affairs and Statistics)

• • Western Balochi Speakers in Pakistan.

• • U.S. Census did not Specify between Southern Balochi, Eastern Balochi and Western Balochi.

• • Over

“260” (U.S. Detailed Language Tables – Conducted 2006-2008 – Released 2010 – Spoke a Language (Balochi) other than English at Home)

• • Speakers in the U.S.

• • Over “1.8” Million Speakers Worldwide.

• • Writing System: Arabic Script (Nastaliq Style – Nasta?l?q Style).

English <> Baluchi Dictionaries – English <> Balochi Dictionaries

“ENGLISH-BALUCHI” “BALUCHI-ENGLISH”: A COURSE IN BALUCHI – Author: Muhammad Abd-al-Rahman Barker;
Hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library,
University of Chicago
Multimedia English <> Baluchi Dictionary (Text & Images).

English <> Baluchi Dictionary: A Course in Baluchi.

• • • • “…includes Perso-Arabic script and roman with diacritics….”

For more information see

Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the

Digital South Asia Library

“ENGLISH-BALOCHI” “BALOCHI-ENGLISH”: A SKETCH OF THE NORTHERN BALOCHI LANGUAGE – Author: Mansel Longworth Dames;
Hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library,
University of Chicago
Multimedia English <> Balochi Dictionary (Text & Images).

English <> Balochi Dictionary: A Sketch of the Northern Balochi Language.

• • • • “…includes Perso-Arabic script and roman with diacritics….”

For more information see

Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the

Digital South Asia Library

“ENGLISH-BALOCHI” “BALOCHI-ENGLISH”: A BALOCHI GLOSSARY – Author: Mumtaz Ahmad;
Hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library,
University of Chicago
Multimedia English <> Balochi Dictionary: A Balouchi Glossary (Text & Images).

English <> Balochi Dictionary: A Balouchi Glossary.

• • • • “…includes Perso-Arabic script and roman with diacritics….”

For more information see

Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the

Digital South Asia Library

First Year & Intermediate Baluchi – Balochi Courses, Lessons, Textbooks, etc.

BALUCHI ALPHABET – Simon Ager,
Omniglot
Multimedia Baluchi Alphabet (Text & Images).

Omniglot

BALOCHI (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) – Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS),
Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC),
Monterey, California
Multimedia First Year, Intermediate Balochi & Advanced Balochi Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Click on “Balochi”, then “Proficiency Level” and then Skill/Modality”.

All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:

• • • • “…Lexical (Balochi Vocabulary),

• • • • Structure (Balochi Grammar),

• • • • Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Balochi Conversations, etc.)…”

Proficiency Levels include

• • • • First Year Balochi (1) includes Balochi Listening Lessons & Balochi Reading Lessons.

• • • • First Year Balochi (1+) includes Balochi Listening Lessons & Balochi Reading Lessons.

• • • • Intermediate Balochi (2) includes Balochi Listening Lessons & Balochi Reading Lessons.

For more information see the

Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC)

A GRAMMAR, PHRASE BOOK AND VOCABULARY OF BALUCHI – Author: N.A. Collett;
Hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library,
University of Chicago
Multimedia A Grammar, Phrase Book and Vocabulary of Baluchi (Text & Images).
For more information see

Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the

Digital South Asia Library

Baluchi – Balochi Literature, Poetry & Proverbs

A TEXT BOOK OF THE BALOCHI LANGUAGE: CONSISTING OF MISCELLANEOUS STORIES, LEGENDS, POEMS AND BALOCHI-ENGLISH VOCABULARY – Author: Mansel Longworth Dames;
Hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library,
University of Chicago
Multimedia A Text of the Balochi Language: consisting of miscellaneous stories, legends, poems and Balochi-English vocabulary (Text & Images).
For more information see

Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the

Digital South Asia Library

BALUCHI PROVERBS – Balouch Culture and History
Multimedia Baluchi Proverbs (Text & Images).
For more information see

Balouch Culture & History

Bashkir Keyboards

Basic Bashkir Lessons & Lectures

First Year & Intermediate Bashkir Courses & Lessons

Bashkir Literature & Poetry

BASHKIR LANGUAGE

• • One of Two Official Languages of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia.

• • Over

“1.3” Million (Federal State Statistics Service)

• • Speakers in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia.

• • Writing System: Cyrillic Script.

Bashkir Keyboards

BASHKIR KEYBOARD – incks.com,
Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany
Multimedia Online Bashkir Keyboard (Text & Images).

Bashkir Keyboard

• • • • “…Here you can write Bashkir text…then you can copy it,

• • • • save it as a text file or print it out…”

For more information see

incks.com

Basic Bashkir Lessons & Lectures

BASHKIR ALPHABET – BASHKORT ALPHABET – Omniglot
Multimedia Bashkir Alphabet Lessons – Bashkort Alphaet Lessons – Cyrillic Alphabet & Latin Alphabet (Text & Images).
For more information see

Omniglot A-Z Index or

Omniglot