MARTINDALE'S CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER GEOSCIENCE CENTER (Calculators, Applets, Spreadsheets, and where Applicable includes: Courses, Manuals, Handbooks, Simulations, Animations, Videos, etc.)

U.S.: Sunday, September 24, 2017 Sydney, Australia: Monday, September 25, 2017 File Download Time Calculator Author, E-Mail, Privacy Policy & Disclaimer Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains over "22,125" Calculators & Spreadsheets, over "4,420" Courses, Lectures, Manuals, Handbooks, & "1,000's" of Movies, Videos, Simulations & Animations

GEOSCIENCE (Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc.) Geoscience Journals Geology Time Scales, Chronological Methods & Geochronology Geology, Physical Geology, Structural Geology, Petrology, Sedimentary Geology, Stratigraphy, Geodynamics, Marine Geology, Coastal Geology, etc. Ecology, Ecosystems, Population Ecology, Population Genetics Fresh Water Fish Habitats Fluid Dynamics Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, etc. Geography & Topography ~ Geography of Transport Systems ~ Paleogeography Geodesy - Geodynamics - GPS, GIS, Remote Sensing, etc. Geomagnetism - Paleomagnetism - Magnetics Geochemistry ~ Geophysics Geomorphology, Fluvial Geomorphology, Tectonic Geomorphology Geothermics, Geothermobarometry, Mineral Thermobarometry Glaciology, Cryosphere, Glacial Geology, Quaternary Geology, Ice, Snow, Glaciers, Icebergs Landslides ~ Mineralogy Morphodynamics, Sedimentation & Turbidity: Rivers, Streams, Reservoirs Marine Biology ~ Oceanography & Marine Geochemistry Plate Tectonics ~ Seismology ~ Tephrochronology ~ Tsunami ~ Volcanology Water Pollution ~ Water Quality ~ Watershed & Water Runoff Archaeology, Anthropology, Palaeoichnology, Paleobotany, Paleoclimatology, Paleoceanography, Paleontology (Fossils, Dinosaurs, etc.) Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Chemistry Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Climatology, Meteorology, Atmospheric Chemistry & Atmospheric Physics Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Crystallography Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Geotechnical Eng. & Geo-Engineering Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Hydrology, Hydaulics, Geohydrology, Reservoir Engineering Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Petroleum & Geosystems Engineering Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Soil Science, Soil Chemistry, Soil Biology Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Water Chemistry, Water Drainage, Erosion, ET & pET, Ground Water, Water Runoff, Watershed, etc. Courses, Lectures, Databases, Calculators, Videos, etc. Chemicals, Biochemicals, Geochemicals Databases Calculators On-Line Center

Geoscience Journals EXAMPLE OF GEOSCIENCE JOURNALS ONLINE American Geophysical Union (AGU) Journals AGU ONLINE JOURNALS - American Geophysical Union (AGU) Multimedia Geophysical Journals (Text & Images). For more information see American Geophysical Union (AGU) Examples of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Journals include Geochemistry, Geophysics & Geosystems Journal Geophysical Research Letters Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans Paleoceanography Tectonics Geochemistry Journals APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY - Elsevier B.V. Multimedia Applied Geochemistry (Text & Images). APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY - Elsevier B.V. Multimedia Applied Geochemistry (Text & Images). CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMISTRY - Springer Multimedia Chinese Journal of Geochemistry (Text & Images). GEOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL - Springer Multimedia Geochemistry International Journal (Text & Images). GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA - Elsevier B.V. Multimedia Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Journal (Text & Images). JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION - Elsevier B.V. Multimedia Journal of Geochemical Exploration (Text & Images). ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY - European Association of Organic Geochemists Multimedia Organic Geochemistry Journal (Text & Images). For more information see the European Association of Organic Geochemists Geophysics Journals ACTA GEOPHYSICA - Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences Multimedia Acta Geophysica (Text & Images). For more information see the Institute of Geophysics APPLIED GEOPHYSICS - Springer Multimedia Applied Geophysics Journal (Text & Images). For more information see the Journals of Geophysics & Geodesy GEOPHYSICS - Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) Multimedia Geophysics Journal (Text & Images). For more information see the SEG Digital Library or the Society of Exploration Geophysicists JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS - Springer Multimedia Journal of Applied Geophysics (Text & Images). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS - Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) Multimedia Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics (Text & Images). For more information see the SEG Digital Library Society of Exploration Geophysicists SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS - Springer Multimedia Surveys in Geophysics Journal (Text & Images). Geology Journals GEOLOGY - The Geological Society of America Multimedia Geology Journals (Text & Images). For more information see Geological Society of America Publications or The Geological Society of America JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY - The Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) and published by The University of Chicago Press Multimedia Geology Journal (Text & Images). For more information see The University of Chicago Press Journals or the The Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) Astronomy & Geophysics Journals ASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS - Royal Astronomical Society; Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc Multimedia Astronomy & Geophysics Journal (Text & Images). For more information see Royal Astronomical Society Earth Journals EARTH INTERACTIONS - Published jointly by the American Geophysical Union, Association of American Geographers, American Meteorological Society, NASA's Mission to Planet Earth and Goddard DAAC Multimedia Earth Interactions Journal (Text & Images). For more information see American Geophysical Union; Association of American Geographers or the American Meteorological Society Earthquake Journals EARTHQUAKE SCIENCE - Springer Multimedia Earthquake Science Journal (Text & Images). For more information see the Journals of Geophysics & Geodesy Oceanography, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Journals AMS JOURNALS ONLINE - American Meteorological Society Multimedia Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Journals (Text & Images). Examples of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Journals include "...Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology; Journal of Physical Oceanography; Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology; Weather and Forecasting; Journal of Climate; Journal of Hydrometeorology; Weather, Climate, and Society; etc..." For more information see the American Meteorological Society Mineralogy Journals & Petrology Journals AMERICAN MINERALOGIST - Mineralogical Society of America Multimedia An International Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials (Text & Images). For more information see the Mineralogical Society of America MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY - Springer Multimedia Mineralogy and Petrology Journal (Text & Images). JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY - Oxford University Press Multimedia Petrology Journal (Text & Images). For more information see Oxford Journals Radiocarbon Journals RADIOCARBON - Publisher: Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona Multimedia Radiocarbon Journal (Text & Images). Water Journals WATER-RESOURCES CIRCULARS, REPORTS, ETC. - USGS For more information see Water Resources of the United States

Geology Time Scales,

Chronological Methods & Geochronology

Geologic Time Scales & International Chronostratigraphic Chart Geochronology Methods Chronological Methods Courses, Lectures, etc. By Dating Method Amino Acid Geochronology Archaeomagnetic Dating, Paleomagnetic Time Scale, Paleomagnetism Atom Trap Trace Analysis (Radio-Krypton Dating, Radiometric 81Kr Dating) Dendrochronology (Tree-Ring Dating) Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale ~ Ice Cores ~ Lichenometry Luminescence, Thermoluminescence (TL) & Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Obsidian Hydration Radiocarbon Dating Surface Exposure - Cosmogenic Exposure ~ Tephrocronology

Geology Time Scales, Chronological Methods & Geochronology GEOLOGIC TIME SCALES & INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART ICS TIME SCALES: INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART - International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) Multimedia Geologic Time Scale (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. The International Chronostratigraphic Chart is available in: English, Chinese, Spanish, Portuguese, Norwegian, Basque, Catalan, French & Japanese. "Other International Commission on Stratigraphy Charts include "...Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years; Ordovician Chronostratigraphic Chart; Ordovician Carbon Isotope Curve; Permian Time Scale 2012..." For more information see the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) GSA GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE - The Geological Society of America Multimedia GSA Geologic Time Scale (Text & Images). For more information see Education & Outreach or the The Geological Society of America GEOLOGICAL TIME MACHINE - University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Geologic Time Scale Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the University of California Museum of Paleontology GEOCHRONOLOGY METHODS COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. GEOCHRONOLOGY - Central Division, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Geochronology Lessons, Publications, Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geochronology Dating Techniques "...A wide variety of geochronological tools or methods can be employed to estimate quantitative and qualitative dating of rocks and sediments. Techniques exist to date all geological materials, from billions of years to historical records. U-series dating is the most reliable method for dating Quaternary (the last 2 million years) sedimentary carbonate, silica, and fossil material. Quaternary dating provides a record of climate change and..." Examples of "Geochronology" Dating Techniques include "...U-Th-Pb System Dating Technique; Rb-Sr System Dating Technique; Sm-Nd System Dating Technique; Lu-Hf System Dating Technique; Argon 40/39 Dating Technique; Tephrochronology Dating Technique; Pb 210 Dating Technique; Fission Tracks Dating Technique; Carbon 14 Dating Technique; Thermoluminescence Dating Technique; 3He/4He Dating Technique; He/Ne Dating Technique; Berlyllium 10 Dating Technique; etc..." For more information see Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Tracer Studies; Scientific Capabilities or the Central Division, USGS Examples of Geochronology Dating Techniques include U-Pb System Dating Technique Fission Tracks Dating Technique Thermoluminescence Dating Technique CHRONOLOGICAL METHODS COURSES, LECTURES, LESSONS, ETC. CHRONOLOGICAL METHODS (QUICKTIME) - G.H. Michaels & B.M. Fagan, ArchServe, University of California at Santa Barbara Multimedia Chronological Methods Course (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Chronological Methods "...is designed to introduce you to basic techniques used in determining the age of archaeological materials and sites. There are two general categories of methods for dating in archaeology. One is Relative Dating, and the other is Absolute Dating. In general, archaeologists use both methods in conjunction..." Examples of "Chronological Methods" Course Video Lessons include "...Cross-Dating; Dendrochronology; Radiocarbon Dating; Potassium Argon Dating; Obsidian Hydration Dating; etc..." For more information see Anthropology 3 Courseware or ArchServe THE RECORD OF TIME: CHRONOMETRIC DATING TECHNIQUES - D. O'Neil (Emeritus), Anthropology, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Palomar College Multimedia Chronometric Dating Techniques Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Chronometric Dating Techniques" Lessons include "...Dendrochronology; Amino Acid Racemization Dating; Paleomagnetic Dating Paleomagnetic Dating; Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale Dating; Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale Dating; Archaeomagnetic Dating; Radiocarbon Dating; Potassium-Argon Dating; Fission Track Dating; Thermoluminescence Dating; Electron Spin Resonance Dating; etc..." For more information see Anthropology Tutorials; Anthropology; Dennis O'Neil's Home Page or the Department of Behavioral Sciences

AMINO ACID GEOCHRONOLOGY AMINO ACID GEOCHRONOLOGY (AMINO ACID RACEMIZATION) - Amino Acid Geochronology Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Multimedia Amino Acid Geochronology Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Amino Acid Geochronology "...is a relative, and sometimes absolute, dating method that relates the diagenesis of fossil protein preserved in carbonate materials with time (geologic age of the sample) and temperature (long term chemical temperature of the enclosing sediment). Stratigraphic applications of the method have been demonstrated from both marine and non-marine sequences all over the world using a variety of carbonate fossil materials including..." For more information see the Amino Acid Geochronology Laboratory ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATING - PALEOMAGNETIC TIME SCALE - PALEOMAGNETISM Paleomagnetic Time Scale PALEOMAGNETIC TIME SCALE - O.K. Davis, Department of Geosciences, College of Science, University of Arizona Multimedia Paleomagnetic Time Scale (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Paleomagnetic Time Scale" Sections include "...History; Principles; Components (Declination, Inclination & Strength) Change Thru Time; Methods; Types of Paleomagnetism; Time Scale; Problems; Terminology; Secular Variation and Dating; etc..." For more information see Introduction to Quaternary Ecology (GEOS 462); Palynology; Owen K. Davis' Home Page or the Department of Geosciences Paleomagnetism Courses, Lectures, etc. ESSENTIALS OF PALEOMAGNETISM - Lisa Tauxe with Contributions from Subir K. Banerjee, Robert F. Butler and Rob van der Voo; SIO Paleomagnetic Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego; University of California Press, 2010; Hosted by: earthref.org Multimedia Essentials of Paleomagnetism Course & PmagPy Software (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Essentials of Paleomagnetism" Course Chapters include "...Paleointensity; Fisher Statistics; Paleomagnetic Tensors; The Ancient Geomagnetic Field; The GPTS and Magnetostratigraphy; etc..." Examples of "Essentials of Paleomagnetism" Appendices include "...Definitions, Derivations and Tricks; Plots useful in Paleomagnetism; Paleomagnetic Statistics and Parameter Rstimation; Anisotropy in Paleomagnetism; etc..." For more information see PmagPy Cookbook; Lisa Tauxe's Home Page or Lisa Tauxe's Faculty Home Page Archaeomagnetic Dating Lessons ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATING - Illinois State Museum Multimedia Archaeomagnetic Dating Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Archaeomagnetism "...refers to the application of paleomagnetic methods and theory to archaeological problems. Usually, the term refers to archaeomagnetic dating..." Examples of "Archaeomagnetic Dating" Lessons include "...Archaeomagnetic Dating Overview Geomagnetic Principles; Archaeomagnetic Sample Collecting; Secular Variation Curves; etc..." ATOM TRAP TRACE ANALYSIS (ATTA) - RADIO-KRYPTON DATING ATOM TRAP TRACE ANALYSIS (ATTA) - Laboratory for Radio-Krypton Dating, Medium Energy Physics Group, Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory Multimedia Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) "...analyze 81Kr and 85Kr at and below the part-per-trillion (PPT) level, and 39Ar at and below the part-per-quadrillion (PPQ) level...." "...These three long-lived noble-gas isotopes possess ideal geophysical and geochemical properties for radioisotope dating and are particularly significant for applications in the earth sciences..." For more information see the Laboratory for Radio-Krypton Dating; Medium Energy Physics Group; ANL Physics Division or the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Also see Radiokrypton Dating for Earth Sciences RADIOMETRIC 81Kr DATING IDENTIFIES 120,000-YEAR-OLD ICE AT TAYLOR GLACIER, ANTARCTICA - Authors: C. Buizert, D. Baggenstosb, W. Jiangc, R. Purtschertd, V.V. Petrenkoe, Zheng-Tian Luc, P. Müllerc, T. Kuhlg, J. Leea, J.P. Severinghausb, and E.J. Brook; Christo Buizert, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1320329111, Physical Sciences - Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Early Edition Articles, Date Published: 4/21/2014, Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), National Academy of Sciences Radiometric 81Kr Dating Identifies 120,000-year-old ice at Taylor Glacier, Antarctica Publication (Text & Images). "...We present successful 81Kr-Kr radiometric dating of ancient polar ice. Krypton was extracted from the air bubbles in four ∼350-kg polar ice samples from Taylor Glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, and dated using Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA)..." For more information see the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences DENDROCHRONOLOGY - TREE-RING DATING Dendrochronology Course & Lectures LECTURES IN DENDROCHRONOLOGY - Director: H.D. Grissino-Mayer, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Science, Department of Geography, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Tennessee Multimedia Lectures in Dendrochronology (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Lectures in Dendrochronology" Sections & Chapters include Field and Lab Methods "...Basic Field Techniques; Basic Sampling Design; etc..." Analyzing Tree-Ring Data "...Introduction to Crossdating; Using and Interpreting the COFECHA Program; Standardization Techniques; etc..." Applications in Dendrochronology "...Dendroclimatology; Dendrogeomorphology; Isotope Studies and Tree Rings; etc..." For more information see Laboratory of Tree-Ring Science; Henri D. Grissino-Mayer's Home Page; Henri D. Grissino-Mayer's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Geography THE SCIENCE OF TREE RINGS - Director: H.D. Grissino-Mayer, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Science, Department of Geography, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Tennessee Multimedia The Science of Tree Rings (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Laboratory of Tree-Ring Science; Henri D. Grissino-Mayer's Home Page; Henri D. Grissino-Mayer's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Geography Dendrochronology Calculators & Applets CROSSDATING TREE RINGS USING SKELETON PLOTTING (JAVA APPLET) - P. Sheppard, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Crossdating Tree Rings Calculator "...teaches you the basic technique of crossdating using the "skeleton plot" method..." For more information see Crossdating Tree Rings Using Skeleton Plotting Instructions or the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research Dendrochronology Databases INTERNATIONAL TREE-RING DATA BANK - NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, National Climate Data Center (NCDC), NOAA Multimedia International Tree-Ring Data Bank (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. International Tree-Ring Data Bank "...includes raw ring width or wood density measurements, and site chronologies (growth indices for a site). Tree-ring measurement series from other parameters are welcome as well..." For more information see NOAA Paleoclimatology Data Access & Data Contribution; NOAA Paleoclimatology Program or the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME SCALE GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME SCALE (GPTS) - Schlumberger Limited Multimedia Geomagetic Polarity Time Scale Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) "...By accurate age-dating of rocks that show reversals in magnetic polarity, geologists have compiled a partial geologic time scale of the sequence and duration of reversals of the Earth's magnetic polarity..." For more information see the Oilfield Glossary; Products & Services or Schlumberger Limited ICE CORE DATING Ice Core Lectures, Lessons, etc. ICE CORE 101 - Climate Change Institute, University of Maine Multimedia Ice Core 101 (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Ice Core "...Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of an ice core can reveal past variations in climate ranging from seasons to hundreds of thousands of years. Ice core records can be used to reconstruct temperature, atmospheric circulation strength, precipitation, ocean volume, atmospheric dust, volcanic eruptions, solar variability, marine biological productivity, sea ice and desert extent, and forest fires..." For more information see Ice Core Perspectives or the Climate Change Institute Ice Core Databases ICE CORE GATEWAY - NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, National Climate Data Center (NCDC), NOAA Multimedia Ice Core Data Bank (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ice Core Gateway "...maintain archives of ice core data from throughout the world. Data from polar and low latitude mountain glaciers and ice caps are archived. Proxy climate indicators include oxygen isotopes, methane concentrations, dust content, and other parameters..." For more information see NOAA Paleoclimatology Data Access & Data Contribution; NOAA Paleoclimatology Program or the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) LICHENOMETRY DATING LICHENOMETRY DATING - O.K. Davis, Department of Geosciences, College of Science, University of Arizona Multimedia Lichenometry Dating (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Lichenometry Dating" Sections include "...Principals; Methods; Problems; etc..." For more information see Introduction to Quaternary Ecology (GEOS 462); Palynology; Owen K. Davis' Home Page or the Department of Geosciences LUMINESCENCE DATING - THERMOLUMINESCENCE (TL) & OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE (OSL) LUMINESCENCE DATING TECHNIQUE - Luminescence Dating Laboratory, Department of Geology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia Multimedia Luminescence Dating Technique (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Luminescence Dating "...particularly using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), is revolutionizing Quaternary and archaeological science..." "...There is now convincing evidence that many glacial, fluvial, aeolian, and even shallow marine sediments can be dated by OSL techniques. The upper limit of age by OSL is largely determined by the annual dose on the sediment which is related to it's content of uranium, thorium and potassium..." For more information see the Facilities or the Department of Geology OBSIDIAN HYDRATION DATING OBSIDIAN HYDRATION DATING - Northwest Research Obsidian Studies Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon Multimedia Obsidian Hydration Dating (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Obsidian Hydration Dating "...Once a hydration layer has been measured, it can be used to determine the relative ages of items or, in some circumstances, can be converted into an estimated absolute age. In order to transform the hydration rim value to a calendar age, the rate of the diffusion of water into the glass must be determined or estimated..." For more information see the Northwest Research Obsidian Studies Laboratory RADIOCARBON DATING Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY (AMS): PRINCIPLES OF RADIOCARBON DATING - Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Arizona VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Radiocarbon Measurements Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Radiocarbon Dating "...is well known for its use in age dating of many kinds of materials. The method is applicable to almost any carbonaceous material which formed in the last 50,000 years..." For more information see Accelerator Mass Spectrometry or the Department of Physics Radiocarbon Dating Laboratories BETA ANALYTIC RADIOCARBON DATING LABORATORY - Beta Analytic, Inc. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. SURFACE EXPOSURE DATING - COSMOGENIC EXPOSURE DATING COSMOGENIC EXPOSURE DATING - Cosmogenic Isotope Labortary, Quaternary Research Center and Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington Multimedia Cosmogenic Exposure Dating (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Cosmogenic Exposure Dating "...The build-up of cosmogenic isotopes through time provides us with a way to measure exposure ages for rock surfaces such as fault scarps, lava flows and glacial pavements. Where surfaces are gradually evolving, cosmogenic isotope measurements allow us to calculate erosion or soil accumulation rates..." For more information see Quaternary Research Center or the Department of Earth and Space Sciences CRONUS-EARTH ONLINE CALCULATORS - COSMOGENIC ISOTOPES CALCULATORS - Greg Balco, Cosmogenic Isotope Laboratory, Quanternary Research Center, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Washington VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmogenic Isotopes Calculators include Beryllium-10/Aluminium-26 Exposure Age Calculator: "...calculating an exposure age when erosion rate is known independently..." Beryllium-10/Aluminium-26 Surface Erosion Rate Calculator: "...calculating the surface erosion rate under the assumption that the erosion rate has been constant long enough for several meters of rock to have been removed..." Geometric Shielding Calculator: "...For correcting the production rate at a site that is partially shielded from the cosmic-ray flux, either by the surrounding topography or by a nominally infinite dipping..." For more information see the Cosmogenic Isotope Laboratory; Quaternary Research Center or the Department of Earth and Space Sciences TEPHROCRONOLOGY DATING TEPHROCRONOLOGY DATING - Tephra Lab, Microanalytical Laboratory, Department of Physical Sciences, Division of Natural Sciences, Concord University, Athens, West Virginia Multimedia Tephrochronology Dating (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Tephrochronology Dating "...the use of volcanic ash and pumice (tephra) as a tool for dating and correlation. Tephrochronology is employed globally with numerous interdisciplinary applications including: environmental and climate change, archaeology, Earth surface processes, ecology, animal and plant evolution, earthquake hazards & neotectonics, volcanic hazards..." "...The electron microprobe is the primary analytical tool for tephrochronology. It is most commonly used to analyze the glass fraction of tephra for major and minor element abundances and thereby provide a chemical fingerprint which allows ash from different eruptions to be uniquely identified..." For more information see Microanalytical Laboratory or the Department of Physical Sciences

Geology, Physical Geology, Structural Geology,

Petrology, Sedimentary Geology, Stratigraphy,

Geodynamics, Marine Geology, Coastal Geology, etc.

Dictionaries & Glossaries Geology Atlases & Geology Databases ~ Geology Field Trips Basic Geology Lectures & Lessons Physical Geology & Earth's Interior Courses & Lectures Structural Geology Courses, Lectures & Videos Petrology, Petrography, Carbonate Petrology, Coal & Carbon Compounds Petrology, Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, etc. Atlases, Courses, Lectures & Databases Sedimentary Geology Courses, Lectures, etc. Stratigraphy Courses, Lectures & Databases International Continental Coring Projects Geodynamics Courses & Lectures Marine Geology Courses & Lectures Coastal Geology Courses & Lectures Electron Microprobe Techniques Courses & Lectures Plate Tectonics

Geology, Structural Geology & Petrology GEOLOGY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES DICTIONARY OF GEOLOGIC TERMS - J. Fausnaugh, geotech.org Multimedia Dictionary of Geologic Terms (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Geotech.org GEOLOGY GLOSSARY - Cengage Learning, Inc. Multimedia Geology Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Geology Link or Cengage Learning THE PHYSICAL ENVIROMENT ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY - M. Ritter, Department of Geography & Geology, University of Wisconson, Steven Points, Wisconson Multimedia The Physical Environment Illustrated Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Physical Environment - Contents; The Physical Environment; Michael Ritter's Home Page; Michael Ritter's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Geography & Geology SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY TERMINOLOGY - SEPM STRATA Society for Sedimentary Geology Multimedia Sequence Stratigraphy Terminology Glossary (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the SEPM STRATA - Sedimentary Stratigraphy or the Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) GEOLOGY DATABASES & GEOLOGY ATLASES PERIODIC TABLE: GERM PARTITION COEFFICIENT (KD) DATABASE - KD'S OF ROCKS AND MINERALS - A. Koppers (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) & Roger Nielsen (Oregon State University), & Hosted by EarthRef.org VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GERM Partition Coefficient (Kd) Database "...contains partition coefficient data for all types of rocks and minerals and for every element. All search results are sortable and may be downloaded in the format of your choice. Both experimental and empirical data are included in this extensive compilation..." For more information see Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM); EarthRef.org or Scripps Institution of Oceanography GEOLEX: SEARCH TOOL FOR THE LITHOLOGIC AND GEOCHRONOLOGIC UNIT NAMES - National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geolex Database "...contains over 16,500 entries..." For more information see National Geologic Map Database; National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program or the Central Division, USGS NATIONAL GEOLOGIC MAP DATABASE - National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia USGS National Geologic Map Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program or the Central Division, USGS PETROLOGICAL DATABASE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR (PETDB) - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Petrological Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor "...archives and serves analytical data for whole rocks, glasses, minerals, melt inclusions, with emphasis on basalts and abyssal peridotites. PetDB contains major, trace-element, and isotope ratios for samples from mid-ocean ridge basalts, back-arc basins, young near-ridge seamounts, and old oceanic crust..." For more information see Data Projects or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) GEOLOGY FIELD TRIPS GEOLOGY OF WESSEX COAST, SOUTHERN ENGLAND - I. West, Department of Geology, University of Southampton, U.K. Multimedia Geology Field Trips (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geology of Wessex Coast, Southern England Databases are located at the Bottom of the Page. Examples of "Geology of Wessex Coast, Southern England" Categories include "...Barton and Highcliffe - Barton Clay & Sand (Eocene); Bournemouth Cliffs (Eocene); Bridport Area; Chesil Beach - General Introduction to the Tombolo; Osmington Mills and Corallian; Isle of Portland; etc... For more information see West's Geology Directory BASIC GEOLOGY LECTURES & LESSONS Aggregates - Quarry QUARRY TOUR (QUICKTIME) - Graniterock, Watsonville, CA Multimedia Quarry Tour of Granitedrock's Operations (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY EXTENSIVE. Click on Quarry Tour. For more information see the Graniterock Rock Cycle THE ROCK CYCLE - Lisa Tauxe, SIO Paleomagnetic Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego Multimedia Rock Cycle Lesson (Text & Images). For more information see the Earth Sciences 10 Lectures; The Earth - Earth Sciences 10 or Lisa Tauxe's Faculty Home Page THE ROCK CYCLE - Digital Atlas of Idaho, Idaho Museum of Natural History, Idaho State University Multimedia Rock Cycle Lesson (Text & Images). For more information see the Digital Atlas of Idaho

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY & EARTH'S INTERIOR COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Physical Geology PHYSICAL GEOLOGY - S.A. Nelson, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Tulane Univesity Multimedia Physical Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Physical Geology" Course Lectures include "...Minerals; Igneous Rocks & Volcanoes; Weathering & Soils; Sedimentary Rocks; Metamorphic Rocks; Deformation of Rock; Mass Wasting; Streams; Groundwater; Wind Action; etc..." For more information see Physical Geology Home Page; Stephen A. Nelson's Home Page or the Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences PHYSICAL GEOLOGY - D.W. Haywick, Geology, Department of Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama Multimedia Physical Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Physical Geology" Course Lectures include "...The Rock Cycle; Basic Mineral Chemistry; Mineral Classification; Plate Tectonics and Volcanism; Volcanic Landforms; Extrusive Igneous Rocks; Soils and Sediment; Rivers and Deltas; Lithification; Bedding and Attitude; Rock Deformation; Folds; Agents of Metamorphism; Regional Metamorphism; Retrograde Metamorphism; etc..." For more information see Teaching; Douglas W. Haywick's Home Page; Geology or the Department of Earth Sciences WEBGEOLOGY (FLASH) - K. Kullerud, Petrology and Geochemistry, Institutt for Geologi (IG), University of Tromsø, Norway Multimedia Geology Mini Course (Text, Images & Animations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geology" Course Chapters & Subchapters include Rocks "....Megmatic Rocks; Sedimentary Rocks; Chemical Compostion; Plate Tectonics; The Rock Cycle; etc..." Clastic Sediments "...Formation of Clastic Sediments; Classification of Clastic Sediments; Diagenesis and Lithification; Types of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks; etc..." Mountain Building "...Volcanic Mountain Belts; Continent Collisions; Plate Tectonics and Orogeneses; Exhumation; Evolution of Continental Crust; Evolution of Fennosandia; The Caldedonian Orogeny; etc..." Earth's Crust "...Exploring the Interior with Seismic Waves; The Structure and Composition of Earth; The Internal Heat of the Earth; etc..." Introduction to Weathering "...Weathering Processes; Weathering Material; Controls on Weathering; etc..." For more information see Kåre Kullerud's Home Page; Institutt for Geologi (IG) or the University of Tromsø STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY Structural Geology Courses STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY - R.W. Allmendinger, Geophysics, Active Tectonics, & Structure Research Group, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University Multimedia Structural Geology Course - PDF (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Structural Geology" Course Lectures include Structural Geology Lectures 1-20 - PDF, 155 Pages "...Introduction, Scale & Basic Terminology; Coordinate Systems; Introduction to Deformation; Strain I, II & III; Vectors & Tensors; Deformation Mechanisms; Flow Laws & State of Stress in the Lithosphere; Joints & Veins; Faults; etc..." Structural Geology Lectures 21-37 - PDF, 123 Pages "...Faults: Dynamics & Kinematics; Faults: Mechanics of Thrust Faults; Folds: Geometry, Kinematics, Dynamics; Planar Minor Structures; Thrust Systems; Strike-Splip Fault Systems For more information see Downloads; Structural Geology Course Home Page - EAS 426; Rick Allmendinger's Home Page or the Geophysics, Active Tectonics, & Structure Research Group Examples of other Structural Geology Course Lectures include Structural Geology Movies Stereonet Visualization STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY - Stephen J. Martel, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii Multimedia Structural Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Structural Geology" Course Lectures include "...Introduction; Fractures and folds; Stress and strain; Isostasy & Cross sections ; etc..." For more information see Stephen J. Martel's Home Page; Stephen J. Martel's Department's Home Page or the Department of Geology and Geophysics Structural Geology Atlases, Databases, Courses, Lectures, Lessons, Animations, Simulations, Videos STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: IMAGES AND MOVIES OF GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES (QUICKTIME) - R.W. Schilsche & M.O. Withjack, Structural Geology & Tectonics Group, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey Multimedia Structural Geology: Images and Movies of Geologic Stuctures (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "150" "Structural Geology: Images and Movies of Geologic Stuctures" Subject Categories include "...Introduction to Structural Geology; Faults; Experimental Modeling: Extension; Folds; Strain; Experimental Modeling: Shortening & Strain; Foliations and lineations; Ductile shear zones and kinematic indicators; Joints and veins; Extensional tectonics; Salt tectonics; Experimental Modeling: Strike Slip & Strain; Strike-slip tectonics; Fold and thrust belts; Primary structures, contacts & other structures; etc..." For more information see Structural Geology & Tectonics Group or Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences ARIZONA GEOLOGY - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia Geology Atlas, Databases, Lectures & Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Arizona Geology "...contains numerous color photographs, 3D perspectives, and information about the Geology of Arizona, Landscapes of the Southwest, structural geology..." For more information see Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) Examples from over "15" "Arizona Geology" Databases, Lectures & Lessons include Structure Map 3D Gallerys Painted Canyon Geologic Scenery Images: Deposition of Layers and Erosion into a Canyon How to Observe Landscapes DIGITAL GEOLOGY OF IDAHO - Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University Multimedia Digital Geology of Idaho (Text, Images, Simulations, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Digital Geology of Idaho" Subject Categories include "...Idaho Basement Rock; Belt Supergroup; Rifting and The Passive Margin; Accreted Terranes; Thrust Belt; Geology of Northern Idaho and The Silver Valley; Basin & Range Province - Tertiary Extension; Pleistocene Glaciation; Watershed Fly-Throughs; etc..." For more information see the Department of Geosciences GEOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL PARKS - Western Region Geologic Information, USGS Multimedia Geology of the National Parks (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geology of the National Parks" Databases include "...3D Image Galleries; Standard Images; Park Stratigraphy; etc..." For more information see Geology of the National Parks INTERACTIVE 3D GEOLOGIC BLOCKS (QUICKTIME) - Stephen J. Reynolds and Debra E. Leedy, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia 3D Geology Lessons (Text, Images, Animations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Interactive 3D Geologic Blocks "...The purpose of this module is to guide you through various animations and interactive movies in order to help you learn the three-dimensional nature of geology..." For more information see Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) 3D GEOLOGIC MAPS - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia 3D Geologic Map Gallery (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. 3D Geologic Map Gallery "...contains 3D geologic maps, created by draping color geologic maps over digital topography. The site features QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) object movies where the user can spin the 3D geologic map..." For more information see Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) STRUCTURE MAP 3D GALLERY (QUICKTIME) - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Structure Map 3D Gallery "...contains 3D perspectives of geologic features on digital topography. Most images are QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) object movies, where you can spin the 3D terrain to view it from different perspectives..." For more information see Structure Map 3D Home Page; Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) THE GALLERY OF VIRTUAL TOPOGRAPHY - S.J. Reynolds, School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University Multimedia Gallery of Virtual Topography (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Gallery of Virtual Topography "...features virtual depictions of topography, including 3D perspectives and QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR) movies, created from Digital Elevation Models (DEM's)..." For more information see Gallery of Virtual Topography Home Page; Stephen J. Reynolds: Arizona Geology or the School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE) THE GRAND STAIRCASE: THE GRAND CANYON - R. Blakey (Emeritus), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona Multimedia Geology Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Grand Staircase: The Grand Canyon include "...Geologic History, General Sections, Detailed Stratigraphic Columns and Panels, Outcrop Photos..." For more information see the Ron Blakey's Home Page or the School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability

PETROLOGY, PETROGRAPHY, CARBONATE PETROLOGY, IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY, ETC. COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Petrology Courses & Lectures PETROLOGY - S.A. Nelson, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Tulane Univesity Multimedia Petrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Click on Lectures. Examples of "Petrology" Course Lectures include "... Textures and Structures of Igneous Rocks; General Classification of Igneous Rocks; The Interior of Earth and Formation of Magmas; Magmatic Differentiation; Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages; Thermodynamics and Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages; Metamorphic Reactions; etc..." For more information see Stephen A. Nelson's Home Page or the Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences Petrography Courses, Lectures & Databases SEDIMENTARY PETROGRAPHY - D.W. Haywick, Geology, Department of Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama Multimedia Sedimentary Petrography Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "28" "Sedimentary Petrography" Course Lectures include "...Grain Size Parameters; Sediment Classification; Bedform Development; Sedimentary Structures; Sedimentary Facies; Near Shore Environments; Alluvial Fans; Provenance; Sandy Fluvial Systems; Volcaniclastic Petrography; Evaporites/Tidal Flats; Skeletal Allochems; Allochems and reefs; etc..." For more information see Teaching; Douglas W. Haywick's Home Page; Geology or the Department of Earth Sciences Carbonate Petrology Courses & Lectures CARBONATE PETROLOGY - SEPM STRATA Society for Sedimentary Geology Multimedia Carbonate Petrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Carbonate Petrology "...Introduction to carbonate petrology with discussions of classifications, facies, sequences, hydrocabon plays, photomicrographs, and exercises related to thin sections of carbonate rocks, etc..." "...provides access to photomicrographs and a series of exercises related to over 240 different thin sections of carbonate rocks. Some 1,700 images were captured, and as a result some thin sections have over ten images associated with them..." Examples of "Carbonate Petrology" Course Subject Categories include "...Classification of Carbonates; Diagenesis and Porosity of Carbonates; Diagrams that track Carbonate Diagenesis; Depostitional Setting and Geometry of Carbonate Facies; Photomicrographs and diagrams that view Carbonate Particles; Galleries of Carbonate Porosity; Evolution of Carbonate Sequences; etc..." For more information see Sediments & Rocks; SEPM STRATA - Sedimentary Stratigraphy or the Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) Coal & Carbon Compounds Petrology Atlases & Databases & Petrology Fly Ash Atlases & Database CRELLING'S PETROGRAPHIC ATLAS OF COAL AND CARBON COMPOUNDS - J.C. Crelling, Advanced Coal and Energy Research Center, Department of Geology, College of Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois Multimedia Crelling's Petrographic Atlas of Coal and Carbon Compounds (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Petrographic Atlas of Coal and Carbon Compounds" Categories include "...Metallurgical Cokes - Coke Petrology; Petroleum Cokes - Petroleum Coke Petrology; Quinoline Insolubles - Quinoline Insoluble Residues; Graphites; Combustion Chars - Coal Combustion Chars; Coal Macerals; Fly Ash; etc..." For more information see the Advanced Coal and Energy Research Center or the Department of Geology PHOTOMICROGRAPH ATLAS - USGS Energy Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Photomicrograph Atlas - Petrographic Web Atlas for Metallurgical Bituminous Coal Macerals (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Photomicrograph Atlas - Petrographic Web Atlas for Metallurgical Bituminous Coal Macerals includes Vitrinite; Liptinite "...Cutinite; Sporinite; etc..." Inertinite "...Semifusinite; Micrinite; Macrinite; Fusinite; etc..." For more information see Coal Resources or USGS Energy Resources Program PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF FLY ASH - Authors: J.C. Hower & M. Mastalerz, Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana Geological Survey, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana Multimedia Petrographic Characterization of Fly Ash Database (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Maria Mastalerz's Home Page; Department of Geological Sciences; Coal in Indiana or Indiana Geological Survey Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Courses & Lectures IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY (POWER POINT) - J.D. Winter, Department of Geology, Whitman College Multimedia Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "30" "Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology" Course Lectures include "...Igneous Classification; Phase Rule and Binary systems; Trace Element and Isotopes; Magma Generation; Magma Diversification; Layered Mafic Intrusions; Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts; Oceanic Intraplate Volcanism; Continental Arcs; Granitoid Rocks; Continental Alkaline Magmatism ; Introduction to Metamorphism; Metamorphic Textures; Metamorphic Mineral Assemblages; Metamorphic Reactions; Thermodynamics and Geothermobarometry; Metamorphism of Calcareous and Ultramafic Rocks; Metamorphic Fluids, Mass Transfer, and Metasomatism; etc..." For more information see John D. Winter's Home Page or the Department of Geology Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor PETROLOGICAL DATABASE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR (PETDB) - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Petrological Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor "...archives and serves analytical data for whole rocks, glasses, minerals, melt inclusions, with emphasis on basalts and abyssal peridotites. PetDB contains major, trace-element, and isotope ratios for samples from mid-ocean ridge basalts, back-arc basins, young near-ridge seamounts, and old oceanic crust..." For more information see Data Projects or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY BEDFORM SEDIMENTOLOGY (QUICKTIME) - Authors: D.M. Rubin, C.L. Carter, G.V. Middleton, & R.E. Plotnick; Hosted by the USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center, USGS Multimedia Bedform Sedimentology Technical Manual (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Examples of "Bedform Sedimentology Technical Manual" Subject Categories include Bedforms and Cross-Bedding in Animations (includes Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) Table of Contents which include over "70" Animations & Movies includes "...Bedform Classes Animations & Movies; Bedform Experiments Animations & Movies; etc..." Forecasting Techniques, Underlying Physics, and Applications includes "...Techniques; Complication of Unsteady Forcing; Examples; etc..." Software available for download. For more information see the Topics or the USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESSES VIDEO - Author: Marcelo H. Garcia, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Multimedia Sediment Transport Processes Video - 76MB (Text, Images & Videos/Movies) For more information see Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory or the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MOVIES - P.L. Heller, Sedimentation and Tectonics, Department of Geology & Geophysics, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Wyoming Multimedia Sediment Transport Movies (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). Examples from over "40" "Sediment Transport Movies" include "...Subaerial Debris Flow Movie; Ripple Migration Movie; Bedload Transport Movie; Oscillation Ripples Movie; Cliff Retreat by Beach Erosion Movie; Subaqueous Debris Flow Movie; Platte River Sedimentation Movie; etc..." For more information see Paul Heller's Home Page; Paul Heller's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Geology & Geophysics SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY - John Southard, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Sedimentary Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Sedimentary Geology" Course Lectures include "...The Nature, Description, and Classification of Sediments; Physics of Sedimentation; Sedimentary Structures; Siliciclastic Rocks; Carbonate Sediments and Rocks; Cherts and Evaporites; Diagenesis; Paleontology; Depositional Environments; Stratigraphy; Sedimentary Basins; etc..." For more information see Sedimentary Geology Course Home Page; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences or the MIT OpenCourseWare STRATIGRAPHY ICS STRATIGRAPHIC GUIDE - International Commission on Stratigraphy Multimedia ICS Stratigraphic Guide (Text & Images). Examples of the "ICS Stratigraphic Guide" Chapters include "...Definitions and Procedures; Stratotypes and Type Localities; Lithostratigraphic Units; Biostratigraphic Units; Chronostratigraphic Units; Magnetostratigraphic polarity units; etc..." For more information see the International Commission on Stratigraphy SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY COURSES & DATABASES - SEPM STRATA Society for Sedimentary Geology Multimedia Sequence Stratigraphy Courses & Databases (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Stratigraphy "...is the study of the layered character of sedimentary rocks. Geologists use a variety of strategies to interpret the origin of these rocks and predict the extent of their lithofacies and rock character..." Examples of "Sequence Stratigraphy" Courses, Lectures, Technical Reports, etc. include "...Introduction to Sequence Stratigraphy; Sedimentary Depositional Systems; Sequence Stratigraphy Movies, Animations, & Image Gallery; Sequence Stratigraphy Terminology; Carbonates; Deepwater Systems; Depositional Analogues; etc..." For more information see SEPM STRATA - Sedimentary Stratigraphy or the Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) INTRODUCTION TO SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF DEEPWATER CLASTIC SYSTEMS COURSE - SEPM STRATA Society for Sedimentary Geology Multimedia Introduction to Sequence Stratigraphy of Deepwater Clastic Systems Courses & Databases (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to Sequence Stratigraphy of Deepwater Clastic Systems" Courses, Lectures, Technical Reports, etc. include "...Deepwater Fans & Mass Transport Debris - Depositional Settings & Source Terrains; Deepwater Clastic Systems Sediments; Deepwater Fans & Mass Transport Debris - Sedimentary Structures; Deepwater Fans & Mass Transport Debris - Architectural Configuration; etc..." For more information see Sequence Stratigraphy; SEPM STRATA - Sedimentary Stratigraphy or the Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) AN ONLINE GUIDE TO SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY - S.M. Holland, Stratigraphy Lab., Department of Geology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia Multimedia Guide to Sequence Stratigraphy (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Guide to Sequence Stratigraphy" Subject Categories include "...Accommodation; Parasequences; Parasequence Sets and Stacking Patterns; Depositional Sequences; Surfaces; Chronostratigraphic Applications; etc..." For more information see Steven M. Holland's Home Page; UGA Stratigraphy Lab or the Department of Geology CONTINENTAL CORING PROJECTS COLORADO PLATEAU CORING PROJECT (CPCP): PETRIFIED FOREST CORE - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP): Petrified Forest Core (Text & Images). Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP): Petrified Forest Core "...involves drilling a continuous a ~500 m core through nearly the entire Triassic age section (Chinle and Moenkopi formations) at Petrified Forest National Park (PFNP), Arizona, USA, one of the most famous and best studied successions of the continental Triassic in the World..." "...will provide a quantitatively sound reference section in which magnetostratigraphic, geochronological, environmental, and paleontologic data are registered to a common thickness scale with unquestioned superposition and..." For more information see the Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP) INTERNATIONAL CONTINENTAL DRILLING PROGRAMS - International Continental Scientific Drilling Program Multimedia International Continental Drilling Programs (Text & Images). GEODYNAMICS GEODYNAMICS - David Sandwell, Satellite Geodesy, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego Multimedia Geodynamics Course (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geodynamics" Course Lectures include "...Lithospheric Dynamics; Global Tectonic Observations; Radial Earth Structure; Marine Magnetic Anomalies; Cooling of the Oceanic Lithosphere; Buoyancy of the lithosphere: Cooling of a lava lake Video Clips; Isostasy and Crustal Thickness; Flexure Theory; Reference Gravity; Gravity Anomalies; etc..." For more information see David T. Sandwell's Home Page or Satellite Geodesy MARINE GEOLOGY INTRODUCTION TO MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS (12.710) - A. Ashton, D. Lizarralde, A. Shaw & W.G. Thompson; Department of Geology & Geophysics (G&G), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Multimedia Introduction to Marine Geology and Geophysics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENISVE. Examples of "Introduction to Marine Geology and Geophysics" Course Chapters include "...Geochronology; Subduction Zones; Lithosphore; Flows; Dispositional Systems; Shorelines; etc..." For more information see Andrew Ashton's Home Page; Daniel Lizarralde's Home Page; Alison Shaw's Home Page; William (Bill) G. Thompson's Home Page; Department of Geology and Geophysics (G&G); Lite Sites or Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) COASTAL GEOLOGY COASTAL GEOLOGY - C.H. Fletcher III, Coastal Geology Group, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii Multimedia Coastal Geology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Coastal Geology" Course Lectures include "...Isotopic Stages; Modern Sea Level Rise; Coastal Classification; Quaternary Dating Methods; Coastal Processes and Landforms; Barrier Islands; Holocene Sea Level Rise; Hawaii Reefs; Coastal Erosion; etc..." For more information see the Coastal Geology Course Home Page; C. H. (Chip) Fletcher III's Home Page; Coastal Geology Group or the Department of Geology and Geophysics ELECTRON MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES ELECTRON MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES: GEOLOGY 510 - J.H. Wittke, Electron Microprobe Laboratory, School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, College of Engineering, Forestry & Natural Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona Multimedia Elecron Microprobe Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Elecron Microprobe" Course Sections & Chapters include "...Signals Electron Interaction Volume; Electronmagnetic Spectrum; Characteristics X-rays; Cathodoluminescence; Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation; etc. Instrumentation Vacuum System; Electron Sources; Introduction to Magnetic Lenses; etc. Detection of Signals Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry; Backscattered Electron Detection; Secondary Electron Detection; etc. Statistics; Quantification; Mineral Recalculation; etc..." For more information see the Electron Microprobe Laboratory; James H. Wittke's Home Page or the School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability

Ecology, Ecosystems, Population Ecology CHEMICAL ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS FOR ENTOMOLOGY (INSECTS & PESTS) DATABASES, COURSES, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE ENTOMOLOGY, MYCOLOGY, LICHENS, PROTIST CENTER CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS: JAVA APPLETS - J.A. Byers, Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Center, USDA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Also available is Free Scientific Sofware Developed by Byers including "...Spatial Distribution and Territoriality Software; Biology, Taxonomy and Systematics Software; Simulation of Animal Behavior/Chemical Ecology Software including Insects Searching for Mates; Trapping of Insects; Bark Beetle Dispersal in Forests; Predicting Mean Dispersal Distance of Population; etc. For more information see Chemical Ecology of Insects; John A. Byers Home Page or the Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit Some examples from over "30" Chemical Ecology of Insects Calculators & Applets include Effective Attraction Radius (EAR) Calculator & Simulation Effective Attraction Radius Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number minutes trapping; Number caught on passive trap; Number caught on pheromone trap; Radius of passive trap; Estimated trap interception percentage of all flight levels; Estimated average insect speed..." Tomicus Mate Finding Calculator Tomicus Mate Finding Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Minutes; Turn Angle; Number of Insect Pairs; Female Radius; etc..." Statistics: Polynomial Regression Analysis (Outliers) Calculator CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND SIMULATION CALCULATORS - J.A. Byers, Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Center, USDA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Chemical Ecology of Insects; John A. Byers Home Page or the Pest Management & Biocontrol Research Unit Some examples from over "16" Experimental Design and Sampling Calculators include Simple Treatment/Position Randomization with No Repeats between Replicates Simple Treatment/Position Randomization Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number of Treatments; Number of Replications..." Randomized Uniform Sampling of Time or Distance Randomized Uniform Sampling of Time or Distance Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Select Time Samples or Distance Samples; Total Time or Distance Units; Sample Length in Units; etc..." Host plant finding by N searchers Host plant finding by N searchers Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Number animals..." ECOSYSTEMS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ECOLOGY SIMULATORS - G. Booth VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Ecology Simulators" include "...Predator/Prey with Functional Response; Diversity Metrics; Population Growth Models; etc..." For more information see Ginger Booth's Home Page GECKO SIMULATORS - G. Booth VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Gecko Simulators" include "...Woods; GrassWorld; BacSim (models microbial ecology; etc..." For more information see Ginger Booth's Home Page POPULATION ECOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS POPULATION GENETICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS POPULATION GENETICS - K.A. Christensen, Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics and Breeding, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Multimedia Population Genetics Course & Calculators (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Population Genetics "...efforts have been made to adjust the notes for students with a biological background, and at the same time supply a minimal set of formulas to describe the relationship between practical observations and genetic theory. In addition to the description of traits with simple Mendelian inheritance, the description of the genetics for traits (diseases) with multifactoriel aetiology has also been emphasized, here the application of correct breeding plans make it possible to significantly lower the frequency of the disease..." Examples of "Population Genetics" Course Chapters include "...Introduction, quantitative versus qualitative (Mendelian) genetics; Hardy-Weinberg law for gene frequency stability in large populations; Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; Relationship and inbreeding; Test of simple genetic hypotheses, experimental or field data; Definition of quantitative traits, breeding values and heritability; Estimation of breeding values; Inbreeding, crossing and bred structure; etc..." For more information see Knud Christensen's Home Page; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science or the Faculty of Science Some examples from over "12" Population Genetics Calculators include Chapter 14: Genetic Calculators, Applets and other Programs Linkage, Calculation of gamete and genotype frequencies generation after generation Change in Gene- and Genotype Frequencies, and effect of Population Size Calculation of Corrected Segregation Ratio according to Singles Method

Fresh Water Fish Habitats

Columbia Basin Water & Fisheries Project Erosion Fish Health ~ Fish Passage Fish Protection at Water Diversions Flow Between Two Reservoirs Gas Saturation in Streams Hatchery Management Stream Restoration ~ Stream Pebble Count Water Density

Fish Habitats FISH HABITAT DATABASES, COURSES, LESSONS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), ETC. HATCHERY DATABASES, COURSES, LESSONS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), ETC. WATERSHED DATABASES, COURSES, LESSONS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), ETC. STREAM FLOW DATABASES, COURSES, LESSONS, CALCULATORS, SIMULATIONS, SPREADSHEETS (XLS), ETC. Columbia Basin Water & Fisheries Project COLUMBIA RIVER DART (DATA ACCESS IN REAL TIME) - Columbia Basin Research, School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences (SAFS), University of Washington VERY VERY VERY......EXTENSIVE. For more information see Columbia Basin Research or the School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences (SAFS) Some examples from over "24" Databases that are included in javaDART DART Adult Passage Daily Counts for All Species DART Smolt Index Daily Passage DART Hatchery Releases DART Hourly Water Quality Composite Report Erosion WATER RUNOFF: SHORT-TERM & LONG-TERM HYDROLOGIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT (L-THIA) DETAILED INPUT - Urban Sprawl Hydrologic Impact, Schools of Engineering, Agricultural & Biological Engeering, Purdue University & the Construction Engineering Research Laboratories Division of the US Army Corps of Engineers VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Impacts of Land Use Change on Water Resources Water Runoff: Short-Term Impact Assessments Tools "...Includes four different tools: SedSpec, Rational Method, TR-55 & Database Frontend..." Water Runoff: Long-Term Impact Assessments Tools "...This tool uses the land use and a soil characteristic from the user along with thirty years of precipitation data to determine the average impact that a particular land use change or set of changes..." Water Runoff Tools INPUT Values include: By State; By County; Area in "...Acres, Hectares, Km2, Mi2..." Land Use "...Commercial; Industrial; Residential; Open Spaces; Parking/Paved Spaces; Water/Wetlands; Grass/Pasture; Agriculture; Forest; Custom Land Use..." Hydrologic Soil Groups..." For more information see Web-Based GIS and Decision Support Systems for Hydrological/Water Quality Impact Analysis or the College of Engineering Fish Health NATIONAL WILD FISH HEALTH SURVERY DATABASE (NWFHSDb) - National Wild Fish Health Survey, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Multimedia National Wild Fish Health Survery Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. National Wild Fish Health Survery Database (NWFHSDb) "...displays pathogen distribution information and is based on the spatial data generated by the Fish Health Centers..." For more information see the National Wild Fish Health Survey or the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Fish Passage FISHXING (AQUATIC ORGANISM PASSAGE) - National Stream & Aquatic Ecology Center, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air & Rare Plants, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Multimedia Design Culverts for Fish Passage Sofware, Lessons, Case Studies, Technical Reports (Text, Images, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Click on "FishXing" FishXing is "...intended to assist engineers, hydrologists, and fish biologists in the evaluation and design of culverts for fish passage...." Examples of FishXing features include "...Allows for comparison of multiple culverts designs within a single project; Calculates hydraulic conditions within circular, box, pipe-arch, open-bottom arch, and embedded culverts; Calculates water surface profiles through the culvert using gradually varied flow equations, including hydraulic jumps; etc..." For more information see Products Tools; National Stream & Aquatic Ecology Center; Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air & Rare Plants or the USDA Forest Service Fish Protection at Water Diversions FISH PROTECTION AT WATER DIVERSIONS - Hydraulic Investigations and Laboratory Services Group, Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior Multimedia Fish Protection at Water Diversions Manual - A Guide for Planning and Designing Fish Exclusion Facilities - PDF, 46 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Fish Protection at Water Diversions Manual - A Guide for Planning and Designing Fish Exclusion Facilities "...The purpose of this manual is to provide design guidance for fish protection at small dams and water diversion structures by providing fish exclusion alternatives. This manual is addressed to the water user community involved in assessing, recommending, and designing appropriate fish exclusion facilities at water diversion structures..." Examples of "Fish Protection at Water Diversions Manual - A Guide for Planning and Designing Fish Exclusion Facilities" Chapters include "...Fish Protection; Overview of Fish Exclusion; Positive Barrier Screens; Behavioral Barriers; Post-Construction Evaluation; etc..." For more information see Manuals & Standards; Technical Service Center (TSC) or the Bureau of Reclamation GUIDELINES FOR PERFORMING HYDRAULIC FIELD EVALUATIONS AT FISH SCREENING FACILITIES - Authors: Connie DeMoyer & Tracy Vermeyen; Hydraulic Investigations and Laboratory Services Group, Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior Multimedia Guidelines for Performing Hydraulic Field Evaluations at Fish Screening Facilities - PDF, 48 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Guidelines for Performing Hydraulic Field Evaluations at Fish Screening Facilities" Chapters include "...Overview of Hydraulic Evaluations at Fish Screening Facilities; Fish Protection Criteria; Instrumentation; Types of Hydraulic Screen Evaluations; etc..." For more information see Manuals & Standards; Technical Service Center (TSC) or the Bureau of Reclamation Flow Between Two Reservoirs FLOW BETWEEN TWO RESERVOIRS (JAVA APPLET) - F. Hellweger, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University; Hosted by the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas VERY EXTENSIVE. Flow Between Two Reservoirs "...A fluid flow system between two reservoirs is presented in an applet called Visiflow, and the user has a number of options about the connection between the reservoirs..." For more information see Ferdi Hellweger - WWW Educational Tools; Educational Applets; Ferdi Hellweger' Home Page; Ferdi Hellweger's Faculty Home Page; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University or the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas; Gas Saturation in Streams GAS SATURATION CALCULATOR FOR STREAMS - H. Bührer, Switzerland VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Saturation Calculator for Streams INPUT Values include: Select one of the Gases: "...Hydrogen, Deuterium, Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, 222Rn, Oxygen, Nitrogen, N2O, NO, CO, CO2, SO2, Chlorine, Cl2O, ClO2, Ethane, Propane, Butane, H2Se, H2S, & CH4..." Input Temperature, Air Pressure or Saturation Percentatge; etc. For more information see Calculators or Heinrich Bührer's Home Page Hatchery Management FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENT SPREADSHEETS (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Author: John Colt (National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle); Hosted by the American Fisheries Society VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "10" Fish Hatchery Management" Spreadsheets include "...Length-Weight Table Spreadsheet "...generates a table of length-weights relations for a specific species..." Ammonia Spreadsheet (Freshwater) "...generates a table of the mole fraction of un-ionized ammonia as a function of temperature, pH, and ionic composition..." For more information see the Fish Culture Section or the American Fisheries Society Stream Restoration NCED STREAM RESTORATION TOOLBOX - National Center for Earth-Surface Dynamics (A National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center), College of Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota Multimedia Stream Restoration Toolbox (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "NCED Stream Restoration Toolbox" Calculators & Spreadsheets include Dam Remover: Mark I Spreadsheet "...Models the morphodynamics of the channel that incises reservoir sediments following dam removal..." Gravel River Bankfull Channel Estimator Spreadsheet "...consists of a set of regression relations for predicting bankfull geometry of mobile-bed single-thread gravel bed streams in terms of bankfull discharge and bed surface median grain size..." Gravel River Bankfull Discharge Estimator Spreadsheet "...consists of an equation to estimate bankfull discharge in an undisturbed (reference) reach of a single-thread, mobile-bed gravel-bed stream from measured channel characteristics..." Sand Bed Flux Calculator "...estimate bed geometry and bedload transport from sand bed surveys..." For more information see Stream Restoration; Data Repository; National Center for Earth-Surface Dynamics or the College of Science & Engineering Stream Pebble Count SIZE-CLASS PEBBLE COUNT ANALYZER (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Authors: John Potyondy and Kristin Bunte; National Stream & Aquatic Ecology Center, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air & Rare Plants, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Size-Class Pebble Count Calculator "...helps users estimate sample size, enter field data tallied by size class, produce tables and graphs, and perform statistical analysis using contingency tables and the Pearson chi-squared statistic..." For more information see Products Tools; National Stream & Aquatic Ecology Center; Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air & Rare Plants or the USDA Forest Service Water Density WATER DENSITY CALCULATOR - H. Bührer, Switzerland Water Density Calculator "...Suspended particles are not included. Valid in freshwater only..." Water Density Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Conductance at Actual Temperature; Conductance at 20 Degrees; Conductance at 25 Degrees; Density; Water Depth; Density in Depth; Temperature at Maximum Density..." For more information see Calculators or Heinrich Bührer's Home Page Fluid Dynamics FLUID DYNAMICS RELATED CENTERS FOR MORE FLUID DYNAMICS COURSES, DATABASES, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE ENGINEERING CENTER: FLUID MECHANICS - COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS CENTER FOR RELATED FLUID DYNAMICS, ETC. COURSES, DATABASES, VIDEOS, ETC. SEE THE METEOROLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY, WEATHER ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY & ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS CENTER GEOPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODELLING, RESEARCH, DATABASES, ETC. GEOPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS LABORATORY - NOAA Multimedia Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Research, Model Development, Tools, Publications, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geophysical Fluid Dynamics" Sections include "...Atmospheric Physics, Chemistry and Climate; Climate Diagnostics; Climate Change, Variability and Prediction; Oceans and Climate; Weather and Atmospheric Dynamics; etc.." FLUID DYNAMICS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Fluid Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Ocean Courses, Lectures, etc. FLUID DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (12.800) - L.J. Pratt, Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Multimedia Fluid Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Ocean Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENISVE. Examples of "Fluid Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Ocean" Course Chapters include "...The continuum hypothesis and kinematics; The Stress Tensor for a Fluid and the Navier Stokes Equations; Frictional boundary layers; Fundamental Theorems: Vorticity and Circulation; Geostrophy, Quasi-Geostrophy; Internal Waves and Instabilities; etc..." For more information see Lawrence J. Pratt's Home Page; Department of Physical Oceanography; Lite Sites or Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) FLUID DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN: VIDEO COURSE (12.800) - L.J. Pratt, Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Multimedia Fluid Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Ocean Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENISVE. For more information see Lawrence J. Pratt's Home Page; Department of Physical Oceanography; Videoconferenced Joint Program Courses - WHOI & MIT or Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)

Geography & Topography

Geography Dictionaries & Glossaries Geography & Topography Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Geograhic Maps & Atlases World Map Atlases ~ Geo-Sparial Maps, Fly Over Maps, 3D Maps Interactive Mapping, Design Your Own Map Geographic Maps & Atlases for Individual Countries Geographic Names, Geographical Coordinates Topography Databases

Geography & Topography GEOGRAPHY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES GIS DICTIONARY - Esri Multimedia Geographical Information System Dictionary - GIS Dictionary (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Support or Esri GEOGRAPHY & TOPOGRAPHY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY - M. Pidwirny, Department of Physical Geography, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan Multimedia Fundamentals of Physical Geography Textbook (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Fundamentals of Physical Geography" Textbook Chapters include Introduction to Physical Geography; Maps, Remote Sensing, and GIS; The Science of Physical Geography; Introduction to Systems Theory; Energy and Matter; Introduction to the Atmosphere; Introduction to the Hydrosphere; etc..." For more information see the PhysicalGeography.net; Michael Pidwirny's Home Page or the Department of Physical Geography TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS, THE BASICS (TOPO 101) - Centre for Topographic Information, Ottawa, Canada Multimedia Topographic Maps, The Basics (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Centre for Topographic Information KEY TO TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS - K.A. Lemke, Department of Geography & Geology, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisconsin Multimedia Key to Topographic Maps (Text & Images). For more information see Glacial Geology Course Home Page; Karen A. Lemke's Home Page or the Department of Geography & Geology MAP PROJECTIONS - Department of Geography, Univeristy of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado Multimedia Map Projections (Text & Images). For more information see The Geographer's Craft or the Department of Geography GEOGRAPHIC MAPS & ATLASES World Map Atlases WORLD FACTBOOK - Central Intelligence Agency VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. World Factbook includes "...Maps, Geography, People, Government, Economy, Communications, etc..." For more information see the Central Intelligence Agency WORLD MAP ATLAS - MapQuest VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. MAP MACHINE - National Geographic VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see National Geographic Geo-Sparial Maps, Fly Over Maps, 3D Maps, etc. GLOBAL LAND COVER DATABASES - Global Land Cover Facility, University of Maryland Multimedia Global Land Cover Facility Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) "...provides earth science data and products to help everyone to better understand global environmental systems..." GOOGLE EARTH - Google Inc. VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Google Earth "...Quickly zoom from space down to street level and combine imagery, 3D geography, maps, and business data to get the total picture in seconds..." SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY DATABASES - FLY-OVERS, MOVIES, 3D, ETC. - Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), JPL and is an international project spearheaded by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Multimedia Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) "...obtained elevation data on a near-global scale to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth..." SATELITE IMAGERY - Digital Globe VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Digital Globe "...The home of the world’s leading provider of high resolution commercial imagery and the only company operating a constellation of sub-meter commercial imaging satellites..." Interactive Mapping, Design Your Own Map PLANIGLOBE - M. Weinelt, S. Körsgen & R. Kantz, kk+w - digitale kartografie GmbH, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. With Planiglobe "...you may generate maps interactively at planiglobe. Zoom in and out, search for places and add your own locations to a map...These formats are vector based graphic formats which overcome resolution limitations usually found with JPEG or GIF formats. You can select and edit single objects or groups of lines, points or polygons and change graphic attributes such as size and color..." GMT-3: THE GENERIC MAPPING TOOLS - Developed and Maintained by: P. Wessel & W.H.F. Smith, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawai'i at Manoa VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) "...is an open source collection of ~60 tools for manipulating geographic and Cartesian data sets (including filtering, trend fitting, gridding, projecting, etc.) and producing Encapsulated PostScript File (EPS) illustrations ranging from simple x-y plots via contour maps to artificially illuminated surfaces and 3-D perspective views. GMT supports ~30 map projections and transformations and comes with support data such as GSHHS coastlines, rivers, and political boundaries..." For more information see Pål (Paul) Wessel's Home Page Geographic Maps & Atlases for Individual Countries AUSTRALIAN GEOGRAPHIC ATLASES & MAPS - Geoscience Australia, Sydney, Australia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Geoscience Australia CANADA: THE NATIONAL ATLAS OF CANADA - Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, Natural Resources Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Atlas of Canada Home Page or the Natural Resources Canada U.S. INTERACTIVE MAP - Google VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. U.S. INTERACTIVE MAP - Yahoo VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. MAPS AND CHARTS THAT EXPLAIN AMERICA TODAY - Complied by N. Chokshi & D. Beard; The Washington Post, Washington D.C. Multimedia Maps and Charts that Explain America Today (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Washington Post's GovBeat: The Pulse of State and Local Government or The Washington Post NATIONAL MAP SMALL-SCALE COLLECTION - National Mapping Information, U.S. Geological Survery (USGS) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see National Mapping Information TERRAFLY: AN INTERACTIVE "FLY-OVER" OF THE U.S. - High Performance Database Research Center (HPDRC), School of Computer Science, Florida International University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Florida International University GEOGRAPHIC NAMES, GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES, ETC. Geographic Names World Wide WORLD GEOGRAPHIC NAMES - NGA GEONET NAMES SERVER (GNS) - National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geographic Names Server ...is the official repository of standard spellings of all foreign place names, sanctioned by the United States Board on Geographic Names. The database also contains variant spellings (cross-references), which are useful for finding purposes...." For more information see the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency GETTY THESAURUS OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES ON LINE - The J. Paul Getty Trust VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Research at Getty or The Getty Australia AUSTRALIA GEOGRAPHIC PLACE NAMES - Geoscience Australia, Sydney, Australia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Topographic Mapping or Geoscience Australia U.S. U.S. GEOGRAPHIC NAMES INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GNIS) - U.S. Board on Geographic Names, U.S. Geological Survery (USGS), Department of the Interior VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. ...The GNIS contains information about physical and cultural geographic features of all types in the United States, associated areas, and Antarctica, current and historical, but not including roads and highways. The database holds the Federally recognized name of each feature and defines the feature location by state, county, USGS topographic map, and geographic coordinates..." For more information see the U.S. Board on Geographic Names or the U.S. Geological Survery MAP COLLECTIONS Map Collections LIBRARY OF CONGRESS MAP COLLECTIONS - Library of Congress Multimedia Library of Congress Map Collections (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Geography and Map Reading Room or the Library of Congress PERRY-CASTAÑEDA LIBRARY MAP COLLECTION - University of Texas Libraries, University of Texas Multimedia Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection "...includes more than 250,000 maps..." For more information see the University of Texas Libraries TOPOGRAPHY Topography Databases GLOBAL BATHYMETRY AND TOPOGRAPHY - Marine Geology & Geophysics, National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Mulitmedia Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Marine Geology & Geophysics

Geography of Transport Systems GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS - Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Department of Global Studies and Geography, Hofstra Universit Multimedia The Geography of Transport Systems Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "The Geography of Transport Systems" Course Subject Categories include "...Transportation and the Spatial Structure; Transportation Modes; International Trade and Freight Distribution; Urban Transportation; Transportation and the Economy; Transport, Energy and Environment; Transport Geography Glossary; etc..." For more information see The Geography of Transport Systems Course Home Page; Courses; Jean-Paul Rodrigue's Home Page or the Department of Global Studies and Geography Paleogeography GLOBAL REGIONAL PALEOGEOGRAPHIC MAPS GLOBAL REGIONAL PALEOGEOGRAPHIC MAPS - R. Blakey (Emeritus), Deep Time Maps; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona Multimedia Global Regional Paleogeography Maps - Map Room Individual User (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Click on "small samples". Global Regional Paleogeography Maps "...The paleogeographic maps show the varied landscapes of the ancient Earth through hundreds of millions of years of geologic time, including distribution of ancient shallow seas, deep ocean basins, mountain ranges, coastal plains, and continental interiors. Tectonic features shown include subduction zones, island arcs, mid-ocean ridges and accreting terranes..." For more information see Deep Time Maps, Ron Blakey's Home Page or the School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability Geodesy - Geodynamics - GPS, GIS, Remote Sensing, etc. GEODESY - GEODYNAMICS REALTED CENTERS FOR SURVEYING COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE ENGINEERING CENTER: SURVEYING GEODESY, GEODYNAMICS, GIS & REMOTE SENSING DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES GIS DICTIONARY - Esri Multimedia GIS Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the Esri DICTIONARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, CARTOGRAPHY, AND REMOTE SENSING - Authors: Philip Hoehn and Mary Lynette Larsgaard; Hosted by the: Earth Sciences and Map Library, Berkeley Library, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Dictionary of Abbreviations and Acronyms in Geographic Information Systems, Cartography, and Remote Sensing (Text & Images). For more information see the Earth Sciences and Map Library or the Berkeley Library GEODESY - GEODYNAMICS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Undergraduate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) & Remote Sensing Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, etc. GIS AND REMOTE SENSING (GEOL 260) - D. Harbor, Department of Geology, Washington and Lee University Multimedia GIS and Remote Sensing Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "GIS and Remote Sensing" Course Lectures include "...Introduction and Data Types; Digital Terrain Analysis; Spatial Overlays and Querying; Neighborhood Analyses; Shape Analyses; Fuzzy Logic; Remote Sensing Data; Image Processing; GPS and Remote Data Collection; etc..." For more information see the GIS & Remote Sensing Course Home Page; David Harbor's Home Page; David Harbor's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Geology INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GEOG 60) - Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Department of Global Studies and Geography, Hofstra University Multimedia Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to Geographic Information Systems" Course Lectures include "...Spatial Representation; Geographical Data Structures; Geographical Data Analysis; Spatial Queries and Measurement; Cartographic Output; etc..." For more information see the Courses; Jean-Paul Rodrigue's Home Page or the Department of Global Studies and Geography Global Positioning Systems Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, etc. GPS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS - U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center, U.S. Coast Guard Multimedia Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Acronyms and Abbreviations (Text & Images). For more information see Global Positioning System (GPS) or the U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center SPACE GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS OF ACTIVE CRUSTAL MOTIONS - E. Calais, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, College of Science, Purdue University Multimedia Space Geodetic Measurements of Active Crustal Motions Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Space Geodetic Measurements of Active Crustal Motions" Course Lectures include "...Elements of Geodesy Satellite orbits; GPS Observables - Global Positioning System Observables; GPS Signal Propagation - Global Positioning System Propagation; GPS parameter estimation; GPS measurement strategies; etc..." For more information see the Eric Calais' Home Page or the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences PRINCIPLES OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS - T. Herring, Geodesy and Geodynamics Group, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science, MIT Multimedia Principles of Global Positioning Systems Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "23" "Principles of Global Positioning Systems" Course Lectures include "...Coordinate Systems, Rotation of the Earth, Geoid, Spherical Trigonometry; Coordinate and Time Systems; GPS Satellite Orbits; Continue Estimation now Examining it from a Statistical Point of View; Kalman Filter approach to Estimation; Timing in GPS; Tropospheric Delay Estimation; Antennas and Calibrations; Processing Software; etc..." For more information see Geodesy and Geodynamics Group Courses; Geodesy and Geodynamics Group; Thomas Herring's Home Page; Thomas Herring's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science SOPAC: GPS SITE UTILITIES - Scripts Orbit and Permanent Array Center (SOPAC), Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP), Scripps, University of California, San Diego Multimedia Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Site Utilities (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Scripts Orbit and Permanent Array Center (SOPAC) "...archive high-precision GPS data, particularly for the study of earthquake hazards, tectonic plate motion, crustal deformation, and meteorology..." For more information see Scripts Orbit and Permanent Array Center (SOPAC); Crustal Deformation; Research at IGPP or the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) Graduate Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, etc. REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEANS - I.N. Sokolik, Atmospheric Chemistry, Aerosols & Clouds, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, College of Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology Multimedia Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "16" "Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans" Course Lectures include "...Passive microwave remote sensing of sea-ice.; Modeling of particle optical characteristics with Mie theory. Remote sensing based on direct solar radiation. AERONET.; Remote sensing of aerosols in the visible and near-IR.; Passive microwave remote sensing: retrievals of total precipitable water and cloud liquid water; Principles of active remote sensing: Lidars. Lidar sensing of gases, aerosols, and clouds.; etc..." For more information see Teaching; Irina N. Sokolik's Home Page; Atmospheric Chemistry, Aerosols & Clouds or the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Graduate & Scientists Remote Sensing Technical Reports NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY PUBLICATIONS - National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Multimedia NGS Publications (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "NGS Publications" Subject Categories include "...GPS: Technology, Orbits, CORS; National Spatial Reference System: Datums, Networks, Coordinate Systems Operations, Field Procedures; Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, Shoreline Mapping Special Projects; etc..." For more information see the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) REMOTE SENSING, SURVEY, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY INSTRUMENTS FOR ATMOPHERIC MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS INCLUDING SATELLITE INSTRUMENTS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE METEOROLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, ETC. CENTER: ATMOPHERIC MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR SEISMOLOGY INSTRUMENTS COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE SEISMOLOGY INSTRUMENTATION GEODESY, GEODYNAMICS, GEOMATICS, GIS TOOLS, CALCULATORS, ETC. GEOGRAPHIC CALCULATORS - GEOGRAPHICLIB - Charles F.F. Karney, SRI International, Princeton, New Jersey VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GeographicLib "...is a small set of C++ classes for performing conversions between geographic, UTM, UPS, MGRS, geocentric, and local cartesian coordinates, for gravity (e.g., EGM2008), geoid height, and geomagnetic field (e.g., WMM2010) calculations, and..." For more information see Algorithms for geodesics (Journal of Geodesy, 6/2012) or SRI International Examples from over "8" Geographic Calculators include Online Geographic Coordinate Conversions using the GeoConvert Utility Online Geographic Coordinate Conversions using the GeoConvert Utility Calculator "...converts between geographic (latitude and longitude) coordinates, universal transverse Mercator (UTM) or universal polar stereographic (UPS) coordinates, and the military grid reference system (MGRS)..." Online Geodesic Calculations using the Geod Utility Online Geodesic Calculations using the Geod Utility Calculator "...performs geodesic calculations for the WGS84 ellipsoid. The shortest path between two points on the ellipsoid at (lat1, lon1) and (lat2, lon2) is called the geodesic; its length is s12 and the geodesic from point..." "...is accurate to about 15 nm and gives solutions for the inverse problem for any pair of points..." Online Geodesic Polygon and Polyline Calculations using the Planimeter Utility Online Geodesic Polygon and Polyline Calculations using the Planimeter Utility Calculator "...In polygon mode, Planimeter calculates the perimeter and area of a geodesic polygon for the WGS84 ellipsoid..." "...In polyline mode, Planimeter calculates the length of the geodesic path joining the points..." Geodesic lines, circles, envelopes in Google Maps Geodesic lines, circles, envelopes in Google Maps Calculator "...allows you to draw accurate ellipsoidal geodesics on Google Maps. You can specify the geodesic in one of two forms:..." "...The direct problem: specify a starting point, an azimuth and..." "...The inverse problem: specify the two end points as..." Online Geoid Calculations using the GeoidEval Utility Online Geoid Calculations using the GeoidEval Utility Calculator "...computes the height of the geoid above the WGS84 ellipsoid using interpolation in a grid of values for the earth gravity models..." NGS GEODETIC ONLINE TOOLS - National Geodetic Survey, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the National Geodetic Survey Examples from over "23" NGS Geodetic Calculators include Inverse/Forward/Invers3D/Forwrd3D Calculators Inverse/Forward/Invers3D/Forwrd3D Calculators include INVERSE "...is the tool for computing the geodetic azimuth and ellipsoidal distance between two points given their latitudes and longitudes..." FORWARD "...is the tool for computing the geodetic position (latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds) of a point given the geodetic position of a beginning point and..." INVERS3D "...is the three dimensional version of program INVERSE, and is..." etc. State Plane Coordinates Calculator State Plane Coordinates Calculator "...provides coordinates on a flat grid for easy computation while maintaining a difference between geodetic and grid distance of one part in 10,000 or better..." Surface Gravity Prediction Calculator in the Conterminous USA Surface Gravity Prediction Calculator in the Conterminous USA "...is designed to predict surface gravity at specified geographic position and topographic height..." Tidal and Orthometric Elevations Calculator: CO-OPS/NGS Elevation Data Tidal and Orthometric Elevations Calculator: CO-OPS/NGS Elevation Data "...tidal information and orthometric elevations of a specific survey control mark can be viewed graphically..." GIS TOOLS - CALCULATORS - Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas VERY EXTENSIVE. GIS Calculators include: "...Length Conversion Calculator; Area Conversion Calculator; DegMinSec to DecDeg Calculator; DecDeg to DegMinSec Calculator; Scale Calculator; Degrees to Radians Calculator; Time to GPS Seconds Calculator..." For more information see the Bureau of Economic Geology Examples from over "7" GIS Calculators include Degrees-Radians/Degrees-Radians Calculator Regular Time to GPS Time Calculator Geomagnetism - Paleomagnetism - Magnetics GEOMAGNETISM COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. PALEOMAGNETISM COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. ESSENTIALS OF PALEOMAGNETISM - Lisa Tauxe with Contributions from Subir K. Banerjee, Robert F. Butler and Rob van der Voo; SIO Paleomagnetic Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego; University of California Press, 2010; Hosted by: earthref.org Multimedia Essentials of Paleomagnetism Course & PmagPy Software (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Essentials of Paleomagnetism" Course Chapters include "...Paleointensity; Fisher Statistics; Paleomagnetic Tensors; The Ancient Geomagnetic Field; The GPTS and Magnetostratigraphy; etc..." Examples of "Essentials of Paleomagnetism" Appendices include "...Definitions, Derivations and Tricks; Plots useful in Paleomagnetism; Paleomagnetic Statistics and Parameter Rstimation; Anisotropy in Paleomagnetism; etc..." For more information see PmagPy Cookbook; Lisa Tauxe's Home Page or Lisa Tauxe's Faculty Home Page ROCK MAGNETISM SHORT COURSE AND LECTURES NOTES - Institute for Rock Magnetism, Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Multimedia Rock Magnetism Short Course and Lecture Notes (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Institute for Rock Magnetism GEOMAGNETIC REAL-TIME DATA GEOMAGNETISM REAL-TIME DATA - Geology Division, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Geomagnetism Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geomagnetism Real-Time Data "...plots for today and the previous seven days are available..." For more information see the Geology Divisions or the United States Geological Survey GEOMAGNETIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ESTIMATED VALUES OF MAGNETIC FIELD - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Geomagnetism or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) CORRECTED GEOMAGNETIC COORDINATES - Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. IGRF/DGRF Model Parameters and Corrected Geomagnetic Coordinates Calculator "...enables computation of a set of the main geomagnetic field model parameters and transformation from the GEOcentric spherical (geographic) coordinates to the Corrected GeoMagnetic (CGM) coordinates and vice versa..." For more information see Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) or the Goddard Space Flight Center GEOMAGNETIC FIELD CALCULATOR - E. Williams VERY EXTENSIVE. Geomagnetic Field Calculator "...computes the earth's magnetic field based on various standard spherical harmonic fits..." For more information see Ed Williams Airport Page THE IGRF APPLET - K. Korhonen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland VERY EXTENSIVE. IGRF Applet "...contains a graphical user interface (GUI) that enables the user to select the desired parameters for map plotting and geomagnetic field calculation..." MAGNETICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS 2-D MAGNETICS APPLET (JAVA APPLET) - P. Alberts, Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. Magnetics Calculator "...simulates a magnetic survey along an arbitrary orintated profile across a two dimensional subsurface structure of arbitrary strike direction and shape in a vertical cross section..." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal PHASE TRANSITIONS IN MAGNETICS: 2D ISING MODEL (JAVA APPLET) - E. Demidov, Department of Semiconductor Physics, Institute for Physics of Microstructures (IPM), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russia VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & Russian. Phase Transitions in Magnetics Calculator "...Magnetic phase transition can be observed in a very simple system. In Ising model interacting spins (magnet vectors) occupy lattice sites. Every spin..." For more information see Phase Transitions; E-notes LINEAR INVERSION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LINEAR INVERSION (JAVA APPLET) - Geophysical Inversion Facility, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. Geophysical inversion "...can been described as a process used to find a distribution of a physical property that caused a set of physical measurements recorded in a field survey..." Linear Inversion Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Enter values for Kernels, Noise & Alpha; Click on either L-curve, Chifact, GCV or Beta..." For more information see Seeing the Earth's Subsurface or the Geophysical Inversion Facility MAGNETIC DECLINATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS MAGNETIC DECLINATION CALCULATOR (MIRP) - L. Newitt, Canadian National Geomagnetism Program, National Resources Canada VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. The Magnetic Information Retrieval Program (MIRP) "...uses the CGRF to calculate values of magnetic declination..." For more information see the Canadian National Geomagnetism Program MAGNETIC DIPOLE CALCULATORS & APPLETS MAGNETIC DIPOLE MODELLING APPLET - Geophysical Inversion Facility, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada Magnetic Dipole Modeling Applet's "...objective is to learn about the magnetic field observed at the ground's surface, caused by a small buried dipolar magnet. In geophysics, this simulates the observed anomaly over a buried susceptible sphere that is magnetized by the Earth's magnetic field..." For more information see Seeing the Earth's Subsurface or the Geophysical Inversion Facility

Geochemistry

Geochemistry Undergraduate & Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, Manuals, etc. Geochemistry Databases & Geochemical Modelling Geochemistry Calculators, Animations, Simulations, etc.

Geochemistry GEOCHEMISTRY RELATED CENTERS FOR CHEMISTRY COURSES, DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER GEOCHEMISTRY COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. Undergraduate Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, etc. FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOCHEMISTRY - K.H. Rubin, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii Multimedia Fundamentals of Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Fundamentals of Geochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Thermodynamics and Chemical Reactions, Solubility, Mineral Solubility as Geo-Thermometer/Barometer; Weathering and Soil Formation; Hydrologic Cycle; Marine Chemistry and Chemical Cycles; Marine Sediments; Crust and Mantle Evolution; etc..." For more information see Fundamentals of Geochemistry Home Page; Teaching; Kenneth H Rubin's Home Page or the Department of Geology and Geophysics INTRODUCTION TO GEOCHEMISTRY - Greg Druschel, Microbial Geochemist, Department of Geology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Vermont Multimedia Introduction to Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "26" "Introduction to Geochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Thermodynamics; Mineral Equilibrium; Acid-base Geochemistry; Carbonate Chemistry; Redox Geochemistry; Geomicrobiology; Chemistry of Natural Waters; Groundwater Geochemistry; Igneous Petrochemistry; Ore Geochemistry; Sorption; etc..." For more information see Courses; Greg Druschel's Home Page or the Department of Geology CLAY MINERALOGY (GEOL8550) - P.A. Schroeder, UGA Clay Science, Department of Geology, and Co-Director: Center for Advanced Ultrastructrual Research, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia Multimedia Clay Mineralogy Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "34" "Clay Mineralogy" Graduate Course Lectures include "...Theoretical X-ray Powder Diffraction (Layer Factors & Interference Function); X-ray Diffraction Data Processing; Hydrous Layered Silicates; Ionic Radii and Structural Formula Calculations; Associated Mineral Phases and their XRD Identification; XRD Identification of Discrete Clay Minerals (Illite, Chlorite, Kaolinite, Smectite, Vermiculite) Mixed-layer Clays and their XRD Identification; Quantitative XRD Analysis of Mineral Mixtures; Reicprocal Lattice, Electron Diffraction; Electron Optics; The Geochemistry of Clays; Equilibrium Adsorption and Ion Exchange; Weathering Reactions and Stability Diagrams; etc..." For more information see Graduate courses offered related to Clay Science; Clay Mineralogy at the University of Georgia; UGA Clay Science; Paul A. Schroeder's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Geology Isotope Geochemistry MARINE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY - B. Jenkins, B. Peucker-Ehrenbrink & M. Kurz, Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Multimedia Marine Isotope Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Marine Isotope Geochemistry" Course Chapters include Nuclear Systematics; Earth Formation and Evolution; Stable Isotopes; Ocean Applications; etc. For more information see William (Bill) J. Jenkins Home Page; Bernhard Peucker-Ehrenbrink's Home Page; Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Department; Departments or the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Graduate Geochemistry Databases, Courses, Lectures, etc. GEOKEM: GEOCHEMISTRY OF IGNEOUS ROCKS - B.M. Gunn, Mew Zealand Multimedia Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks Lectures, Technical Reports, Databases, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks (GEOKEM)" Subject Categories include "...Oceanic Ridge Basalts (ORBs); Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc..." ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY - W.M. White, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University Multimedia Isotope Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Isotope Geochemistry" Course Lectures include Geochronology "...Geochronology; Isotope Cosmochemistry; Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Mantle; Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Crust; Stable Isotopes II High Temperature Applications; Stable Isotope Geochemistry III Low Temperature Applications; Unconventional Stable Isotope Approaches and Systems; etc..." For more information see Isotope Geochemistry (EAS 656) Home Page; William M. White's Home Page or the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences GEOCHEMISTRY DATABASES & GEOCHEMICAL MODELLING FOR CHEMICAL KINETICS DATABASES, COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER: KINETICS & CHEMICAL KINETICS FOR RELATED GEOCHEMISTRY DATABASES, COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER PHREEQC (VERSION 2) - Authors: D. Parkhurst, S. Charlton & A. Riggs; Denver Federal Center, U.S. Geological Survey; Hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey Central Region, USGS Multimedia PHREEQC: A Computer Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, One-Dimensional Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. PHREEQC: A Computer Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, One-Dimensional Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations "...is designed to perform a wide variety of low-temperature aqueous geochemical calculations. PHREEQC is based on an ion-association aqueous model and has capabilities for (1) speciation and saturation-index calculations; (2) batch-reaction and one-dimensional (1D) transport calculations involving reversible reactions, which include aqueous, mineral, gas, solid-solution, surface-complexation, and ion-exchange equilibria, and irreversible reactions, which include specified mole transfers of reactants, kinetically controlled reactions, mixing of solutions, and temperature changes; and (3) inverse modeling, which..." For more information see the Reaction-Transport Modeling In Ground-Water Systems; U.S. Geological Survey Central Region Research Projects; U.S. Geological Survey Central Region; Water Resources Ground Water Software or USGS - Water Resources Applications Software GEOCHEMICAL EARTH REFERENCE MODEL (GERM) - GERM, EarthRef.org Multimedia Geochemical Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geochemical Database includes: Geochemistry of the Earth Database "...contains summary data on the geochemistry of all reservoirs in the Earth..." Rocks and Minerals Database "...contains partition coefficient data for all types of rocks and minerals and for every element..." Other Reservoir Databases include: "...Halley Comet Tail; Coarse Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles; Interplanetary Dust Particles; etc..." For more information see EarthRef Databases or EarthRef.org GEOCHEMISTRY OF ROCKS OF THE OCEANS AND CONTINENTS (GEOROC) - Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für Chemie, Mainz, Germany Multimedia Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans & Continents Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans & Continents Database "...a global geochemical database containing published chemical and isotopic data as well as extensive "metadata" for rocks, minerals and melt/fluid inclusions..." For more information see the Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für Chemie GEOKEM: GEOCHEMISTRY OF IGNEOUS ROCKS - B.M. Gunn, Mew Zealand Multimedia Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks Lectures, Technical Reports, Databases, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks (GEOKEM)" Subject Categories include "...Oceanic Ridge Basalts (ORBs); Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc..." GEOCHEMISTRY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS Cosmogenic Isotopes Calculators CRONUS-EARTH ONLINE CALCULATORS - COSMOGENIC ISOTOPES CALCULATORS - Greg Balco, Cosmogenic Isotope Laboratory, Quanternary Research Center, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Washington VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Cosmogenic Isotopes Calculators include Beryllium-10/Aluminium-26 Exposure Age Calculator: "...calculating an exposure age when erosion rate is known independently..." Beryllium-10/Aluminium-26 Surface Erosion Rate Calculator: "...calculating the surface erosion rate under the assumption that the erosion rate has been constant long enough for several meters of rock to have been removed..." Geometric Shielding Calculator: "...For correcting the production rate at a site that is partially shielded from the cosmic-ray flux, either by the surrounding topography or by a nominally infinite dipping..." For more information see the Cosmogenic Isotope Laboratory; Quaternary Research Center or the Department of Earth and Space Sciences Radioactivity of Minerals Calculators FOR MORE RADIATION, RADIOACTIVITY CALCULATORS, DATABASES, ETC. SEE RADIATION CENTER - RADIOACTIVITY CENTER RADIOACTIVITY OF MINERALS - Mineralogy Database, D. Barthelmy Multimedia Radioactivity of Minerals Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Radioactivity of Minerals Database includes for each Mineral "...Estimated Radioactive Strength (ERS); Calculated Activity: Becquerel/kilogram; Calculated Activity: Curie/gram; Estimate Activity: GR(api); Estimate Activity: mRem/hr per gram..." For more information see Mineralogy Database Stable Isotope Fractionation Calculators STABLE ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION CALCULATOR - CALCULATEUR DU FRACTIONNEMENT DES ISOTOPES STABLES - Département de géologie et de génie géologique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Stable Isotope Fractionation Calculator - Calculateur du Fractionnement des Isotopes Stables includes "...Compute the isotope fractionation (1000 ln α) for a given temperature; Compute the isotope equilibrium temperature for a difference in composition (Δ)..." For more information see the Département de géologie et de génie géologique Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems FOR MORE URANIUM CALCULATORS, DATABASES, ETC. SEE RADIATION CENTER - RADIOACTIVITY CENTER USERCALC: URANIUM SERIES CALCULATOR FOR MAGMA MIGRATION PROBLEMS - Mark Spiegelman, Division of Seismology, Geology, and Tectonophysics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), The Earth Institute, Columbia University, & a Joint Appointment with the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems "...calculates the concentrations and activity ratios for the two parallel Uranium Series decay chains 238U->230Th->226Ra and 235U->231Pa in a one dimensional upwelling and melting column..." The purpose of the site is to provide a tool that can spur additional collaborations between geophysicists and geochemists as well as drive more rapid exploration/evolution of U-series models..." Uranium Series Calculator for Magma Migration Problems includes "...1-D Column Models Calculator; Contour Plots Calculator; Spreadsheet Calculator..." For more information see Mark Spiegelman's Home Page; Division of Seismology, Geology, and Tectonophysics or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO)

Geophysics

Geophysics & Applied Geophysics Courses, Lectures, Manuals, etc. Undergraduate Courses, Lectures, etc. ~ Graduate Courses, Lectures, etc. Geophysics & Applied Geophysics Databases Geophysics & Applied Geophysics Calculators, Simulations, etc.

Geophysics GEOPHYSICS COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC. APPLIED GEOPHYSICS COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC. Undergraduate Geophysics: Applied Geophysics THE BERKELEY COURSE IN APPLIED GEOPHYSICS - F.H. Morrison, E. Gasperikova & J. Washbourne, Applied Geophysics Program, GeoEngineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley; Hosted by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Multimedia Applied Geophysics Course (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations & Applets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Applied Geophysics "...is a course about the methods used to map the distribution of physical properties beneath the surface of the earth. These methods are used by geologists, hydrologists and reservoir, soils and geotechnical engineers to locate subsurface features..." Applied Geophysics Course Chapters & Subchapters include: Gravity Method "...Gravity and gravity field of the Earth; Gravity surveys; Density of minerals, soils and rocks; Gravity anomalies of simple shapes; etc..." Magnetic Method "...Magnetic Fields; The magnetic field of the earth; Magnetic anomalies; Magnetometers; etc..." DC Electric Methods "...Electric and electromagnetic fields; DC Electrical Methods (the Resistivity Method); Electrical conductivity of rocks and minerals; etc..." Electromagnetic Methods "...EM Theory; Targets in free space; The half space response; etc..." Seismic Methods "...Seismic waves; Reflection and Refraction; Time-distance plots; Seismic velocity, attenuation and rock properties; etc..." For more information see GeoEngineering; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering or the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Some examples from over "12" Geophysics Calculators include Gravity Methods Chapter: Gravity Response of the Cylinder/Sphere Calculator Magnetic Methods Chapter: Magnetic Survey Simulation Calculator Electric Methods Chapter: Archie's Law Calculator Electric Methods Chapter: Cole-Cole Calculator Seismic Methods Chapter: Raytracing Calculator - RayPaths for Three-Layer Model Calculator Undergraduate Geophysics: Geophysical Inversion SPECIAL TOPICS IN GEOPHYSICS: GEOPHYSICAL INVERSE PROBLEMS - Division of Geology and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Multimedia An introduction to Geophysical Inverse Problems Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Special Topics in Geophysics: Geophysical Inverse Problems introduces "...students to the principles and techniques of inversion and data inference. To give them an understanding of the underlying theory and an ability to recognize and tackle inverse problems in the geosciences or more generally. Areas to be covered include: The theory behind Linear, Linearized and Nonlinear inverse problems; Techniques for fitting models to data;..." Examples of "An introduction to Geophysical Inverse Problems" Course Lectures include "...Linear Discrete Inverse Problems; Linearized Inverse Problems; Singular Value Decomposition; Regularizing Inverse Problems; Cross-Validation; Iterative Methods; Probabilistic Inference; etc..." For more information see the Division of Geology and Planetary Science GEOPHYSICAL INVERSION - Geophysical Inversion Facility, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada Multimedia Geophysical Inversion Course (Test, Images & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geophysical Inversion" Course Subject Categories & Subcategories include Inversion Concepts "...Introduction; The Inversion Process; Inversion Flow..." Inversion Theory "...The Flow Chart; Understanding Data; Norms and Misfit; Optimization; Theory into Practice; etc..." For more information see the Geophysical Inversion Facility GEOPHYSICAL INVERSION: TECHNICAL BACKGROUND AND MANUALS - Geophysical Inversion Facility, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada Multimedia Geophysical Inversion Course (Test, Images & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Technical Background & Technical Manuals" include "...2D DC Resistivity and Induced Polarization Manual; 3D DC Resistivity and Induced Polarization Manual; 3D Magnetics Manual; 3D Gravity Manual; 1D frequency Domain Electromagnetics Technical Background; etc..." For more information see the Geophysical Inversion Home Page or the Geophysical Inversion Facility Undergraduate Geophysics: Borehole Geophysics INTRODUCTION TO BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS - New York Water Science Center, USGS Multimedia Introduction to Borehole Geophysics (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Borehole Geophysics "...is the science of recording and analyzing measurements of physical properties made in wells or test holes. Probes that measure different properties are lowered into the borehole to collect continuous or point data that is graphically displayed as a geophysical log. Multiple logs typically are collected to take advantage of their synergistic nature..." Examples of "Introduction to Borehole Geophysics" Lectures include "...Delineation of Hydrogeologic Unit; Definition of Ground-Water Quality; Caliper Logs; Gamma Logs; Single-point resistance Logs; Spontaneous-potential Logs; Normal-resistivity Logs; Electromagnetic-induction Logs; Fluid-resistivity Logs; Temperature Logs; Flowmeter Logs; Television Logs; etc..." For more information see the New York Water Science Center GEOPHYSICAL METHODS: BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS; SURFACE-GEOPHYSICAL & WATER-BORNE - Branch of Geophysics, Office of Groundwater, USGS Water Resources of the United States, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Borehole Physics Textbook (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Geophysical Methods "...focuses on the development and modification of geophysical characterization and monitoring methods and on the testing of newly developed and emerging geophysical technologies..." Examples of "Borehole-Geophysical Methods" Textbooks Categories include "...Standard Borehole Logging Methods; Borehole Electromagnetic (EM) Induction logging; Borehole Imaging; Borehole Radar; Deviation; Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT); Spectral Gamma; etc..." For more information see Branch of Geophysics; Office of Groundwsater or the USGS Water Resources of the United States BOREHOLE LOGGING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT & DATA ACQUISTION - Borehole Research Group, Division of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Borehole Physics - Geophysics Lessons & Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Borehole Logging Tools, Equipment & Data Acquistion" Lessons & Technical Reports include Logging Tools & Equipment includes "...Multi-sensor Spectral Gamma Ray Tool; Seismic-While-Drilling Pilot Sensor; Digital Core Barrel Measurements..." Data Acquistion includes "...BRG Data Acquisition System; BRG High-Resolution Depth Counter; etc..." For more information see the Borehole Research Group; Division of Marine Geology and Geophysics; Research or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO)

Graduate Geophysics: Inverse Methods in Geophysics INVERSE METHODS IN GEOPHYSICS - R. M. Richardson, Department of Geoscience, University of Arizona Multimedia Inverse Methods in Geophysics Course - PDF, 264 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Inverse Methods in Geophysics "...course on the fundamentals on inverse theory. Inverse theory can be loosely defined as the art of inferring as much as possible about a problem using everything that is known about the data and the relationship between the model and the data as expressed by some mathematical forward problem..." Examples of "Inverse Methods in Geophysics" Course Lectures include "...Inverse Methods Based on Length; Linearization of Nonlinear Problems; The Eigenvalue Problem; Singular-Value Decomposition (SVD); The Generalized Inverse and Measures of Quality; Variations of the Generalized Inverse; Continuous Inverse Theory and Other Approaches; etc..." For more information see Randall M. Richardson's Home Page or the Department of Geoscience Graduate Geophysics: Sea-ice Geophysics SEA-ICE GEOPHYSICS - Hajo Eicken, Sea Ice Group, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF), Fairbanks, Alaska Multimedia Sea-Ice Geophysics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Sea-ice Geophysics" Course Lectures include "...Sea-ice microphysics: Ice crystallography, nucleation, crystal growth; Sea-ice phase diagram, equations of state and solute segregation; Microphysics and microstructural evolution: the evolution of sea-ice salinity profiles and their impact on macroscopic ice properties; Sea-ice optical and electromagnetic properties; Sea-ice thermal properties; The problem of scales: macroscopic ice strength and its relevance for large-scale ice dynamics; Sea-ice remote sensing; etc..." For more information see the Sea-Ice Geophysics Home Page; Hajo Eicken's Home Page; Sea Ice Group or the Geophysical Institute TRANSPORT PROCESSES AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS - Hajo Eicken, D. Pringle & J. Eichelberger, Sea Ice Group, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF), Fairbanks, Alaska Multimedia Transport Processes and Physical Properties of Rocks Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Transport Processes and Physical Properties of Rocks" Course Lectures include "...Thermal properties and heat transfer; Permeability and fluid transport; Transport and property modeling; Electrical properties and charge transport; Transport and rock properties in magmatic systems; Dielectric properties of porous rocks and sea ice; etc..." For more information see Hajo Eicken's Home Page; Sea Ice Group or the Geophysical Institute FIELD TECHNIQUES IN INTERDISCIPLINARY SEA-ICE RESEARCH - Hajo Eicken, R. Gradinger & K. Shirasawa, Sea Ice Group, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF), Fairbanks, Alaska Multimedia Field Techniques in Interdisciplinary Sea-ice Research Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Field Techniques in Interdisciplinary Sea-ice Research" Course Lectures include "...Introduction to remote sensing of sea ice properties and processes and its application in sea-ice field research; Sea ice thickness, morphology and deformation; Ice-core and in-situ measurements of sea-ice physical properties; Ice engineering properties; Ice-ocean interaction, heat and nutrient exchange; Integrated sea-ice observing systems; etc..." For more information see the Field Techniques in Interdisciplinary Sea-ice Research Home Page; Hajo Eicken's Home Page; Sea Ice Group or the Geophysical Institute

GEOPHYSICS DATABASES GEOMAGNETISM - Geology Division, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Geomagnetism Databases, Real Time Data, Models, Charts, etc. (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Geology Divisions or the United States Geological Survey PLATE BOUNDARY OBSERVATORY (PBO) - UNAVCO Multimedia Observations, Instrumentation, Databases, Publications, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) "...designed to study the 3D strain field across the active boundary zone between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates in the western United States. Data from PBO's integrated network of GPS stations, strainmeters and seismometers, coupled with aerial and satellite imagery, are providing important temporal constraints on..." For more information see UNAVCO WORLD STRESS MAP PROJECT - Project Director: F. Wenzel, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Geophysical Institute, University Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Multimedia Tectonic Stress Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENISVE. World Stress Map (WSM) "..is the global repository for contemporary tectonic stress data from the Earth's crust..." World Stress Map's main operational areas for stress in application are Basin Modelling; Tectonic Modelling; Reservoir Management; Stability of Mines, Tunnels and Boreholes, Fault Slip Tendency & Seismic Risk Assessment..." For more information see the Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften (Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities) or the Geophysikalisches Institut (Institute of Geophysics) GEOPHYSICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GEOPHYSICS APPLETS - P. Alberts, Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. You must Click on the German Applet Version first and then in the upper left corner Click on the English Applet Version. Examples of Geophysics Calculators include: "...Seismometer Demonstration Calculator; Seismometer Calibration Calculator; 2D-Magnetics Calculator; Magnetic Dipole Calculator; Gravity Meter Calculator; Normalized Frequency Response of a Seismometer Calculator; Free Motion of the Moving Mass of a Seismometer Calculator; LP Seismometer Calculator; Ray Paths Calculator; Electric Sounding Calculator; Geothermics Calculator; Huygens' Priciple Calculator; etc..." For more information see Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal GEOPHYSICS CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ELASTIC WAVE EXPLORATION SEISMOLOGY CALCULATORS & APPLETS CREWES EXPLORER PROGRAM (JAVA APPLETS) - Consortium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES), Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology Tools include "...acquisition, analysis and interpretation of multicomponent seismic data..." For more information see Consortium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES) or the Department of Geoscience Some examples from over "10" Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology Calculators & Applets include CREWES Zoeppritz Explorer 2.2 CREWES Zoeppritz Explorer 2.2 is "...a useful web-based applet that enables the user to visually 'explore' Zoeppritz equation solutions with various parameter inputs..." CREWES Reflectivity Explorer 2.1 CREWES Reflectivity Explorer 2.1 "...enables the user to view large number of AVO-related approximations to the P-P reflection co-efficient for any combination of earth properties..." CREWES Fluid Properties Explorer Calculator CREWES Fluid Properties Explorer Calculator is "...produces information on pore fluids of interest in petroleum exploration...."

Geomorphology, Fluvial Geomorphology, Tectonic Geomorphology GEOMORPHOLOGY DATABASES THE VIRTUAL GEOMORPHOLOGY - GEOMORFOLOGIA WIRTUALNA - Designed & Maintained by Zbigniew Zwolinski, Laboratory of Geographical Information Systems, Adam Mickiewicz University, and hosted by The Association of Polish Geomorphologists Multimedia Geomorphology Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geomorphology Databases include "...Geomorphological Systems; Theoretical Geomorphology; Structural Geomorphology; Dynamic Geomorphology; Biogeomorphology; Planetary Geomorphology; etc..." For more information see The Association of Polish Geomorphologists GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. Geomorphology GEOMORPHOLOGY (GEOGRAPHY/GEOLOGY 352/552) - K.A. Lemke, Department of Geography & Geology, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisconsin Multimedia Geomorpholgy Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geomorpholgy" Course Lectures include "...Introduction to Geomorphology; Stream Sediment; Channel Patterns; Weathering Processes and Landforms; Karst Processes and Landforms; Glacial Processes and Landforms; Mass Wasting; etc..." For more information see Geomorphology Course Home Page; Karen A. Lemke's Home Page or the Department of Geography & Geology GEOMORPHOLOGY - L.S. Hanson, Department of Geological Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Salem State College Multimedia Geomorpholgy Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geomorpholgy" Course Lectures include "...Tectonic Landforms; Weathering Processes; Mass Wasting; Streams; Slopes; Glaciers; Igneous Landforms - Volcanic and Plutonic Landforms; Coasts; etc..." For more information see Geomorphology Home Page; Lindley S. Hanson's Home Page or the Department of Geological Sciences Tectonic Geomorphology TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY - K. Whipple & J.R. Arrowsmith, Earth Surface Processes & Continental Tectonics and Structural Geology, Earth Systems Sciences, School of Earth and Space Exploration, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University Multimedia Tectonic Geomorphology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Tectonic Geomorphology" Course Lectures include "...Isostasy and Climate-Tectonic Interactions; Large scale Climate-Tectonic Interactions; Climate-Tectonic Interactions - Bedrock Channels; General commentary, Earthquake displacement fields, and Introduction to the San Andreas Fault; Dip-slip Dislocations; Earthquake Surface Ruptures; Earthquake Moment and Intensity; etc..." For more information see Tectonic Geomorphology Home Page (GLG490/598); J. Ramón Arrowsmith's Home Page or the School of Earth and Space Exploration Geothermics, Geothermobarometry, Mineral Thermobarometry GEOTHERMICS CALCULATORS & APPLETS THE GEOTHERMICS APPLET: A 1-D MODELLING APPLET - P. Alberts, Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) Available in English & German/Deutsch. Geothermics Calculator "...simulates the conductive cooling/heating of simple 1-d model structures with simplified material properties and for simplified boundary conditions: Surface; Dike; Contact; Pizza & Wave..." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal MINERAL THERMOBAROMETRY CALCULATORS & APPLETS PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF MINERAL THERMOBAROMETRY - D. Waters, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, U.K. Multimedia Mineral Thermobarometry Course, Calculators, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Practical Aspects of Mineral Thermobarometry provides "...information, tutorial material and worked examples for petrology students interested in extracting pressure-temperature information from rocks. It is assumed that you have completed a typical undergraduate petrology course..." Examples of "Mineral Thermobarometry" Course Lessons include "...Microprobe Analyses; Chemical Mineralogy of Common Mineral Groups; Solid solutions, mixing models and activity calculations; etc..." THERMOCALC "...is a thermodynamic calculation software package for tackling mineral equilibria problems. It has two main components: the application itself, and the internally-consistent thermodynamic dataset it uses..." For more information see Dave Waters Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences

Glaciology, Cryosphere, Glacial Geology,

Quaternary Geology, Ice, Snow, Glaciers, Icebergs

Glaciology & Cryosphere Dictionaries & Glossaries Glaciology Databases ~ Ice Core Databases Glacial Geology & Quaternary Geology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Artic Climatology & Meteorology Courses, Lectures, etc. Snow & Ice, Snow Dynamics, Accumulation, etc. Courses, Lectures, etc. Snow Crystals Courses, Lectures, etc. Avalanche Encyclopedias & Glossaries Iceberg Movies & Simulations ~ Iceflow Calculators Sea-Ice Engineering, Sea-Ice Geophysics, Sea-Ice Research, etc. Meteorology, Climatology, Atmospheric Chemistry, Atmospheric Physics

Glaciology, Cryosphere, Glacial Geology, Quaternary Geology, Ice, Snow, Glaciers, Icebergs GLACIOLOGY & CRYOSPHERE DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES CRYOSPHERE GLOSSARY - National Snow & Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Multimedia Cryosphere Glossary (Text & Images). The Cryosphere "...Portions of the Earth's surface where water is in a solid form, usually as snow or ice. This includes sea ice, freshwater ice, snow, glaciers, and frozen ground (or permafrost). For more information see the National Snow & Ice Data Center (NSIDC) GLACIER PHOTOGLOSSARY - Jürg Alean (Geographie-KZU, Kantonschule Zürcher Unterland (KZU), Bülach, Switzerland) and Michael Hambre (Centre for Glaciology, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, U.K.); Hosted by: SwissEduc VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Glacier Photoglossary "...The definitions of terms given in the printed version have sometimes been expanded. Each term is illustrated by what we consider to be a good example of that particular feature. A caption below each photograph explains where, and sometimes in what year, the photograph was taken..." For more information see Glaciers Online GLOSSARY OF GLACIER TERMINOLOGY - Author: Bruce F. Molnia, USGS Multimedia Glossary of Glacier Terminology (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY OF ALPINE GLACIAL LANDFORMS - K.A. Lemke, Department of Geography & Geology, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisconsin Multimedia Alpine Glacial Landforms Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Illustrated Glossary of Alpine Glacial Landforms Home Page; Karen A. Lemke's Home Page or the Department of Geography & Geology GLACIOLOGY DATABASES GLACIERS ONLINE - Jürg Alean (Geographie-KZU, Kantonschule Zürcher Unterland (KZU), Bülach, Switzerland) and Michael Hambre (Centre for Glaciology, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, U.K.); Hosted by: SwissEduc Multimedia Glaciers Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Glaciers Online "...Glaciers online offers photos and summary explanations concerning glaciers from all over the world. The primary goal of our project is to enrich and stimulate the teaching of Earth Science and Physical Geography, in particular glaciology..." Examples of Galciers Online Categories & Subcategories include Glaciers of the World "...The Glacier Family; Fluctuating Glaciers; Glaciers and Volcanoes; Shaping the Landscape; Glacier Hazards; etc..." Glaciers of the Alps; Glaciers of Svalbard; Glaciers and landscapes of Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago; Glaciers of New Zealand; etc..." For more information see Glaciers Online GLIMS GLACIER DATABASE - Water & Ice Studies, Flagstaff Field Center, United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arisona Multimedia Glacier Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GLIMS Glacier Viewer "...was developed to provide a "front-end" mapping interface to the GLIMS Glacier Database. A number of different layers in this interface can be viewed and spatially queried including: GLIMS Glacier Outlines, ASTER Footprints, Regional Center Locations, the World Glacier Inventory, and others..." For more information see Maps & Docs or Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) ICE SURVEY TIME-LAPSE VIDEO & PHOTOGRAPHY - Extreme Ice Survey Multimedia Time-Lapse Video & Photography (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples "Time-Lapse Video & Photography" Categories include "...Video & Time Lapse Gallery; Photo Gallery: Greenland; Photo Gallery: Iceland; Photo Gallery: Iceland; etc..." For more information see Extreme Ice Survey NATIONAL ICE CENTER - National Ice Center, NOAA Multimedia Snow & Ice Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. NATIONAL SNOW AND ICE DATA CENTER (NSIDC) - National Snow & Ice Center, NOAA Satellite Operations Facility, NOAA Multimedia Snow & Ice Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. NSIDC "...archives analogue and digital snow and ice data, creates and distributes data products, maintains a large library collection, publishes Glaciological Data, New Accessions List, and NSIDC Notes, archives glacier photos, and supports snow and ice research..." SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Glacier Atlases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see USGS Examples of Glacier Atlases include Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of South America Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of Irian Jaya, Indonesia Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of New Zealand THE CRYOSPHERE TODAY: POLAR SEA ICE CAP AND SNOW - Arctic Climate Research, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champain, Illinois Multimedia Cryosphere Today: Polar Sea Ice Cap and Snow Database (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Cryosphere Today "...A webspace devoted to the current state of our cryosphere..." Data updated Daily. For more information see Arctic Climate Research or the Department of Atmospheric Sciences ICE CORE DATABASES ICE CORE GATEWAY - NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, National Climate Data Center (NCDC), NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ice Core "...Click on one of the regional maps to launch a java applet which will display detailed maps of ice core data locations, and allow users to display, graph..." For more information see the Paleoclimatology or the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) GLACIAL GEOLOGY & QUATERNARY GEOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. GLACIAL GEOLOGY (REAL PLAYER) - J. Brigham-Grette, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Multimedia Glacial Geology Course (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Glacial Geology" Course Lectures include "...Milankovitch Cycles and Glacial History; Equilibrium Line Altitude & Mass Balance; Ice and Snow Facies, Thermal Regime of Glaciers; The Role of Water in Glaciofluvial Systems; Glacier Flow and Ice Profiles; Subglacial Erosion and Entrainment; Glacial Tills; etc..." Examples of "Glacial Geology" Videos include "...Huge Glacial Calving Video; Glacial Calving; etc..." For more information see Glacial Geology 563 Course Home Page; Julie Brigham-Grette's Home Page or the Department of Geosciences QUATERNARY GEOLOGY - ICE AGE ENVIRONMENTS (331/767) - James S. Aber, Earth Science, Department of Physical Sciences, Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas Multimedia Quaternary Geology - Ice Age Environments Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Quaternary Geology - Ice Age Environments" Course Lectures include "...Glaciers and Ice Sheets; Glacial Geomorphology; Modern Glacial Processes; Glacial Megageomorphology; Glaciomarine Environments; Quaternary Chronology; Quaternary Paleoclimatology; Glacial Climatic Conditions; Regional Glaciation; etc..." For more information see Quaternary Geology - Ice Age Environments Course Home Page; James S. Aber's Home Page; Earth Science or the Department of Physical Sciences ARTIC CLIMATOLOGY AND METEOROLOGY COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, ETC. ARTIC CLIMATOLOGY AND METEOROLOGY - National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), NOAA Multimedia Arctic Climatology and Meteorology Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Arctic Climatology and Meteorology Lessons "...The arctic climate is characterized by high spatial variability, and includes both polar maritime (influenced by the ocean) and continental..." For more information see National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) SNOW AND ICE, SNOW DYNAMICS AND ACCUMULATION COURSES, LECTURES, LESSONS, ETC. SNOW & ICE (UNBC ENSC 454/654) - S. Déry, Atmospheric Science, Environmental Science & Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Prince George, British Columbia, Canada Multimedia Snow and Ice Course (Text & Images). Examples of "Snow & Ice" Course Lectures include "...Introduction to the Cryosphere; Properties of snow, energy/water budgets; Snowfall Formation, Distribution & Snowcover Distribution; Formation and Distribution of Snowcover; Remote Sensing of Snow; ' Snowpack Properties, Evolution and Ablation; Measurement and Data Analysis; Sea Ice; etc..." For more information see the Snow & Ice Course Home Page; Atmospheric Science or the Environmental Science & Engineering Program SNOW CRYSTALS COURSES, LECTURES, LESSONS, ETC. SNOW CRYSTALS - K.G. Libbrecht, Department of Physics, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Multimedia Snow Crystals Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Snow Crystals "...This site is all about snow crystals and snowflakes, and how these remarkably complex and beautiful structures appear, quite literally, out of thin air..." Example of "Snow Crystals" Course Sections include "...Natural Snowflakes; Frost Crystals; Snowflake Physics; etc..." For more information see Kenneth G. Libbrecht's Home Page or the Department of Physics AVALANCHE ENCYCLOPEDIAS & GLOSSARIES THE AVALANCHE ENCYCLOPEDIA - USFS National Forest Service Avalanche Center Multimedia Avalanche Glossary (Text & Images). The Avalanche Glossary "...is brought to you in cooperation with: National Avalanche Center and The Friends of the Utah Avalanche Forecast Center..." For more information see the USFS National Forest Service Avalanche Center ICEBERG MOVIES, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PING ISLAND ICEBERG FORMATION (QUICKTIME) - Scientific Visualization Studio, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Multimedia Pine Island Iceberg Formation (Text, Images, Animations & Videos/Movies). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Scientific Visualization Studio ICEFLOW CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ICEFLOW: ALPINE GLACIER DYNAMICS (JAVA APPLET) - J. Masek, Climate, Erosion, and Tectonics in the Andes and Other Mountain Systems, Cornell EOS Interdisciplinary Science Investigation, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. ICEFLOW Model "...is based on the Oerlemans (1984) approximation for the dynamics of valley glaciers..." For more information see Climate, Erosion, and Tectonics in the Andes and Other Mountain Systems; Current and Recent Research in Mountain Belt Remote Sensing or the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences

Landslides LANDSLIDE COURSES, LESSONS, TECHNICAL REPORTS, ANIMATIONS, SIMULATIONS, ETC. LANDSLIDE CALCULATORS & APPLETS LANDSLIDES LEARNING & EDUCATION - Landslide Hazard Program, USGS Multimedia Landslide Publications, Technical Reports, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Landslide Hazard Program Examples of Landslide Learning & Education Publications, Technical Reports, etc. include Landslide Hazards Videos An Examination of Selected Historical Rainfall-Induced Debris-Flow Events within the Central and Southern Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States Landslide and Land Subsidence Hazards to Pipelines GIANT HAWAIIAN UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES - USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology, USGS Multimedia Giant Hawaiian Underwater Landslides Technical Reports & Lectures (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Giant Hawaiian Underwater Landslides Technical Reports include "...Prodigious Submarine Landslides on the Hawaiian Ridge; The giant submarine Alika debris slide, Mauna Loa, Hawaii; etc..." For more information see Topics or USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology POTENTIAL SAN FRANCISCO BAY LANDSLIDES DURING EL NIÑOS - USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology, USGS Multimedia Potential San Francisco Bay Landslides During El Niños (Text, Images, Animations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Topics or USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology DEBRIS FLOW CALCULATORS & APPLETS UBCDFLOW FLOW (JAVA APPLET) - R.J. Fannin, Geotechnical Research, Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Debris Flows "...Landslides comprising soil, rock and organic material are termed debris slides or debris flows, with a distinction made largely to recognize the form of movement along the event path. Where initial movement occurs as a slide, it often progresses quickly to a flow. Debris flows are a common natural hazard in mountainous terrain..." UBCDFLOW - Debris Flow Calculator "...Three modes of flow are considered in UBCDFLOW: unconfined flow (UF) on an open slope; confined flow (CF) in a gully channel; and transition flow (TF) deemed to occur immediately upon exiting a gully channel onto an open slope..." For more information see Debris Flow - UBCDFLOW; R. Jonathan Fannin's Home Page; Geotechnical Research or the Department of Civil Engineering LANDSLIDE PREDICTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FOREST CONSERVATION AND EROSION CONTROL - Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan For more information see the Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences Examples of Landslide Prediction Calculators include Typhoon Meteorological Condition of Landslide Disasters Calculator Typhoon Meteorological Condition of Landslide Disasters Calculator is "...designed for the trial prognosis of the meso-scale meteorological condition related to landslide disasters with Typhoons..." Baiu Frontal Precipitation Meteorological Condition of Landslide Disasters Calculator Baiu Frontal Precipitation Meteorological Condition of Landslide Disasters Calculator is "...designed for the trial prognosis of the meso-scale meteorological condition related to landslide disasters with Typhoons..."

Mineralogy

Mineralogy Databases Mineral Spectroscopy Databases ~ Mineral Structure Databases Mineralogy Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Optical Mineralogy Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc.

Mineralogy MINERALOGY DATABASES MINERALOGY DATABASES - D. Barthelmy Multimedia Mineralogy Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mineralogy Database "...contains 4,442 individual mineral species descriptions..." "...Mineral data for individual species are linked to mineral tables by crystallography, crystal structures, X-Ray powder diffraction, chemical composition, physical and optical properties, Dana's New classification,..." Examples of Mineralogy Databases include Minerals by Chemical Composition Crystallography and Minerals Arranged by Crystal Form Minerals arranged by the Dana Classification System Minerals arranged by the Strunz Classification System Minerals by Physical and Optical Properties Calculated Radioactivity MINERAL SCIENCES COLLECTIONS: SEARCH & BROWSE - Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian Institution Multimedia Mineral Sciences Collection (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mineral Sciences Collections "...The Smithsonian Institution mineral and gem collection consists of approximately 350,000 mineral specimens and 10,000 gems, making it one of the largest of its kind in the world..." Mineral Sciences Collections include "...Gems & Minerals with Images; Meteorites with Images; Rocks and Ores with Images..." For more information see the Mineral Sciences Collections or the Department of Mineral Sciences BANCROFT MINERAL COLLECTION - Department of Earth Science, College of Letters & Science, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) Multimedia Bancroft Mineralogy Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTESNIVE. Bancroft Mineralogy Database "...provides a wealth of information on the collection's 67 minerals, including others currently not on display. The information includes a narrative description of the mineral, its complete chemical and physical properties,..." For more information see the Department of Earth Science AMETHYST GALLERIES' MINERAL GALLERY - Amethyst Galleries, Inc Multimedia Mineral Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Amethyst Galleries' Mineral Gallery "...describes over 600 mineral species (and varieties) and more than 5000 specimens..." PERIODIC TABLE: GERM PARTITION COEFFICIENT (KD) DATABASE - KD'S OF ROCKS AND MINERALS - A. Koppers (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) & Roger Nielsen (Oregon State University), & Hosted by EarthRef.org VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GERM Partition Coefficient (Kd) Database "...contains partition coefficient data for all types of rocks and minerals and for every element. All search results are sortable and may be downloaded in the format of your choice. Both experimental and empirical data are included in this extensive compilation..." For more information see Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM); EarthRef.org or Scripps Institution of Oceanography Crystallography of Minerals Databases FOR MORE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY DATABASES, COURSES, LECTURES, CALCULATORS, ETC. SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY BILBAO CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC SERVER - Server hosted by the University of the Basque Country Multimedia Crystallographic Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Bilcao Crystallographic Server" Subject Categories include "...Space Groups Retrieval Tools; Magnetic Symmetry and Applications; Group - Subgroup Relations of Space Groups; Representation Theory Applications; Subperiodic Groups: Layer, Rod and Frieze Groups Retrieval Tools; Solid State Theory Applications; Structure Utilities; The Bilbao Incommensurate Structures Database; Raman and Hyper-Raman scattering; Point Groups: Retrieval Tools; Plane Groups: Retrieval Tools; The k-vector types and Brillouin zones of the Layers groups; etc..." CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND CRYSTALLOCHEMICAL DATABASE FOR MINERALS AND THEIR STRUCTURAL ANALOGUES: WWW-MINCRYST - A.V. Chichagov & D.A. Varlamov and supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, Russia Multimedia Crystallographic and Crystallochemical Database for Minerals and Their Structure Analogues Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. In English & Russian. For more information see the WWW-MINCRYST Home Page or the Russian Foundation of Basic Research Zeolite Databases ATLAS OF PROSPECTIVE ZEOLITE STRUCTURES - M.D. Foster & M.M.J. Treacy, Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Arizona State University Multimedia Atlas of Prospective Zeolite Structures (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Atlas of Prospective Zeolite Structures "...contains a collection of hypothetical zeolite structures in a searchable database. It also uses a 3D Java applet to display structures and tools to perform XRD powder pattern simulations and largest included sphere analysis..." For more information see Michael M.J. Treacy's Home Page; Michael M.J. Treacy's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Physics DATABASE OF ZEOLITES STRUCTURES - Structure Commission, International Zeolite Association (IZA-SC), Switzerland Multimedia Zeolites Structures Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Database of Zeolite Structures includes "...Descriptions and drawings of each framework type; User-controlled animated displays of each framework type; Crystallographic data and simulated powder diffraction patterns for representative materials; Detailed instructions for building models; Descriptions of some families of disordered zeolite structures; etc..." For more information see International Zeolite Association (IZA-SC)

MINERAL SPECTROSCOPY DATABASES DIGITAL SPECTRAL LIBRARY - USGS Spectroscopy Lab Multimedia USGS Digital Spectral Library Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. USGS Digital Spectral Library "...The UV to mid-infrared 0.2-150 micron library (splib06) contains over 1300 spectra including mid-infrared data as well as spectra from splib05a and additional visible and near-infrared spectra. The library includes many more minerals, organic and volatile compounds, vegetation, and man-made materials than our previous libraries. The database is over 6,000 web pages, figures, sample images and data listings..." For more information see USGS Spectroscopy Lab or the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) MINERAL SPECTROSCOPY - G.R. Rossman, Division of Geological & Planetray Sciences, California Institute of Technology Multimedia Mineral Spectroscopy Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Mineral Spectroscopy "...provides information about mineralogy and is primarily dedicated to providing information about color in minerals and access to data on Mineral Absorption Spectra in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum and Raman spectra of minerals. Most data on the server were obtained in the Caltech mineral spectroscopy labs. Other types of spectroscopic data on minerals are also available..." For more information see George R. Rossman Home Page or the Division of Geological & Planetray Sciences MINERAL STRUCTURE DATABASES MINERAL WEB: 3-D DISPLAY OF MINERAL STRUCTURES (CHIME) - A.R. Lennie, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. Multimedia Mineral Structure Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see School of Earth and Environmental Sciences MINERALOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. EARTH MATERIALS (EENS 211) - S.A. Nelson, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Tulane University Multimedia Earth Materials Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Earth Materials Course "...Since minerals are the basic building blocks of earth materials, this course is designed to give the student a fundamental background in minerals, necessary to understand earth materials..." Examples of "Earth Materials" Course Lectures include "...Elements of Crystal; Crystal Morphology, Crystal Symmetry, Crystallographic Axes; Axial Ratios, Parameters, Miller Indices; Stereographic Projection of Crystal Faces; Twinning, Polymorphism, Polytypism, Pseudomorphism; Physical Properties of Minerals; Properties of Light and Examination of Isotropic Substances; Uniaxial Minerals, Uniaxial Indicatrix, Optic Sign, & Ray Path; Silicate Structures, Structural Formula, Neso-, Cyclo-, and Soro- Silicates; Tectosilicates, Carbonates, Oxides, & Accessory Minerals; etc..." For more information see Stephen A. Nelson's Home Page or the Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences CLAY MINERALOGY (GEOL8550) - P.A. Schroeder, UGA Clay Science, Department of Geology, and Co-Director: Center for Advanced Ultrastructrual Research, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia Multimedia Clay Mineralogy Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "34" "Clay Mineralogy" Graduate Course Lectures include "...Theoretical X-ray Powder Diffraction (Layer Factors & Interference Function); X-ray Diffraction Data Processing; Hydrous Layered Silicates; Ionic Radii and Structural Formula Calculations; Associated Mineral Phases and their XRD Identification; XRD Identification of Discrete Clay Minerals (Illite, Chlorite, Kaolinite, Smectite, Vermiculite) Mixed-layer Clays and their XRD Identification; Quantitative XRD Analysis of Mineral Mixtures; Reicprocal Lattice, Electron Diffraction; Electron Optics; The Geochemistry of Clays; Equilibrium Adsorption and Ion Exchange; Weathering Reactions and Stability Diagrams; etc..." For more information see Graduate courses offered related to Clay Science; Clay Mineralogy at the University of Georgia; UGA Clay Science; Paul A. Schroeder's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Geology FUNDAMENTALS OF X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION - J.R. Connolly, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico Multimedia Fundamentals of X-Ray Powder Diffraction Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Fundamentals of X-Ray Powder Diffraction" Course Lectures include "...An Introduction to X-ray powder diffraction; Generation of X-rays; Generation of X-rays; X-ray scattering, Bragg’s Law and diffraction geometry; Diffraction intensities and relationships to crystal structure and chemistry; Types and sources of errors in diffraction data; Introduction to the analysis of clay minerals; etc..." For more information see Earth & Planetary Sciences X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory; Labs or the Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences A LABORATORY MANUAL FOR X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION - U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia A Laboratory Manual for X-Ray Powder Diffraction (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "A Laboratory Manual for X-Ray Powder Diffraction" Chapters & Subchapters include Methods "...Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment for the Removal of Organics; Separation of Silt and Clay by Decantation; Separation of Silt and Clay by Centrifuge; Smear Slide Mounts; Oriented-Aggregate Mounts; Ethylene Glycol Treatment; Lithium Saturation of Smectites; Intercalation of Kaolinite Group Minerals; etc..." Clay Minerals "...Chlorite Group; Illite; Kaolinite Group; Mixed-Layer Clays; Smectite Group; Sepiolite and Palygorskite; Vermiculite..." Clay Mineral Identification Flow Diagram; etc. SPECTROSCOPY OF ROCKS AND MINERALS, AND PRINCIPLES OF SPECTROSCOPY - R.N. Clark, USGS Spectroscopy Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Spectroscopy of Rocks and Minerals, and Principles of Spectroscopy (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Spectroscopy of Rocks and Minerals, and Principles of Spectroscopy" Subject Categories include "...Absorption and Scattering; Imaging Spectroscopy; Reflection and Absorption; Electronic Processes; Crystal Field Effects; Charge Transfer Absorptions; Vibrational Processes; etc. For more information see USGS Spectroscopy Laboratory or Mineral Resources Program, USGS OPTICAL MINERALOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. OPTICAL MINERALOGY - G.C. Finn, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics & Science, Brock University Multimedia Optical Mineralogy Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Optical Mineralogy" Course Chapters include "...Properties of Light; Refractometry; Isotropic Materials; Anisotropic Minerals; Optical Properties; Uniaxial Minerals; Biaxial Minerals; etc..." For more information see Optical Mineralogy Course Home Page; Gregory C. Finn's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences

Morphodynamics, Sedimentation & Turbidity: Rivers, Streams, Reservoirs MORPHODYNAMICS COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION DATABASES, COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. TURBIDITY CURRENTS DATABASES, COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. FOR RELATED COURSES, LECTURES, MANUALS, ETC. SEE THE ENGINEERING CENTER - CIVIL ENGINEERING: HYDROLOGY ENGINEERING, ETC. OR OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE GEOCHEMISTRY: SEDIMENT COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. 1D SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MORPHODYNAMICS WITH APPLICATIONS TO RIVERS AND TURBIDITY CURRENTS (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - G. Parker, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering & the Department of Geology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Multimedia 1D Sediment Transport Morphodynamics with Applications to Rivers & Turbidity Currents Course (Text, Images & Spreadsheets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "50" "1D Sediment Transport Morphodynamics with Applications to Rivers and Turbidity Currents" Course Parts & Chapters include Part 1: 1D Sediment Transport "...Bankfull Characteristics of Rivers; Relations for the Conservation of Bed Sediment; Threshold of Motion and Suspension; Relations for 1D Bedload Transport; Fluvial Bedforms; Relations for Hydraulic Resistance in Rivers..." Part 2: Morphodynamics of Rivers "...Morphodynamics of Bedrock-Alluvial Transitions; Mobile and Static Armor in Gravel-bed Streams; Response of a Sand-bed River to a Dredge Slot; Morphodynamics of Recirculating and Sediment-Feed Flumes; Transportational Cyclic Steps; Morphodynamics of Gravel-Sand Transitions; etc..." Part 3: Fluvial Fans and Fan-deltas "...Morphodynamics of Rivers Ending In 1D Deltas; Rivers Ending in 1D Deltas Carrying Sediment Size Mixtures; Modeling of Rivers On 2D in Fan-deltas: Fixed-width Channel(s); Modeling of Rivers On 2D in Fan-deltas: Self-formed Channel(s); etc..." Part 4: Morphodynamics of Subaqueous Fans and Fan-deltas Deposited by Turbidity Currents, and Co-evolving Fluvial/Turbidity Current Fan-deltas. Some examples from over "30" Spreadsheets include "...Calculator for statistical characteristics of grain size distributions; Particle fall velocity calculator; Spreadsheet for backwater calculations in open channel flow; Spreadsheet for calculating the Rouse-Vanoni profile of suspended sediment; Calculator for aggradation and degradation with a migrating bedrock-alluvial transition at the upstream end; Calculator for aggradation and degradation of sediment mixtures in gravel-bed streams; Calculator for evolution of upward-concave bed profiles in rivers carrying sediment mixtures in subsiding basins; etc.." For more information see Gary Parker's Morphodynamics Web Page; Gary Parker's Faculty Home Page; Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory or the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering MORPHODYNAMICS SHORT COURSES (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - G. Parker, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering & the Department of Geology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Multimedia Morphodynamics Short Course (Text, Images & Spreadsheets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Morphodynamics Short Courses" include "...Deepwater Sedimentary Processes Course; Environmental Fluid Mechanics: Theory, Experiments and Applications Course; Morphology, Morphodynamics and Ecology of Mountain Rivers Course; Coastal Morphodynamics Course; Geomorphological Fluid Dynamics Course; etc..." For more information see Gary Parker's Morphodynamics Web Page; Gary Parker's Faculty Home Page; Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory or the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering BAGS: BEDLOAD ASSESSMENT IN GRAVEL-BEDDED STREAMS (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Authors: J. Pitlick & Y. Cui; National Stream & Aquatic Ecology Center, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air & Rare Plants, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Browse down to BAGS: Bedload Assessment in Gravel-bedded Streams (2009-5) BAGS: Bedload Assessment in Gravel-Bedded Streams "...predicts bed load transport using six well-known bed load transport equations developed specifically for gravel-bed rivers. Sediment transport estimates are calculated on the basis of field measurements of channel geometry, reach-average slope, and bed material grain size..." For more information see Products Tools; National Stream & Aquatic Ecology Center; Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air & Rare Plants or the USDA Forest Service TURBIDITY CURRENTS - G. Parker, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering & the Department of Geology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Multimedia Turbidity Currents Course (Text, Images & Spreadsheets). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Turbidity Currents" Course Lectures include: What is a Turbidity Current?; Morphologies; Analogies to Rivers; Hydraulics and Sediment Transport; Triggering Mechanisms of Turbidity Currents; Derivation of Governing Equations; Introduction to Turbidity Current Morphodynamics; etc..." For more information see Gary Parker's Morphodynamics Web Page; Gary Parker's Faculty Home Page; Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory or the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering

Marine Biology

Marine Biology Dictionaries & Glossaries Coral Fisheries ~ Ichthyology ~ Marine Biology Marine Species Databases ~ Marine Biology Courses & Lectures Marine Biology by Subject Sounds of the Sea Lessons, Lectures, etc. (Fish, Dolphins, Lobsters, Seals, Walrus, Whales, etc.) Fish/Ichthyology Deep Sea Animals - Deepwater Animals Cephalopods (Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish, Nautilus) Comatulids & Crinoids ~ Conchology - Gastopods (Shells & Mollusks) ~ Corals, Sea Anemones Crustaces (Barnacles, Crabs, Lobsters, Shrimp, etc.) Nudibranchs, Opisthobranchs, Sea Slugs Seaweeds, Kelp, Marine Algae ~ Sea Urchins ~ Seahorses

MARINE BIOLOGY Marine Biology Dictionaries & Glossaries Coral Glossaries & Dictionaries NOAA'S CORAL REEF DATA DISCOVERY GLOSSARY - NOAA's Coral Reef Information System, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Multimedia Coral Reef Data Discovery Glossary (Text & Images). Coral Reef Data Discovery Glossary "...glossary contains over 5,300 technical terms, with their definitions, explanations, and illustrative materials where apropos. The aim of the CoRIS glossary is to help the student or layperson, as well as the professional scientist and manager, to understand the complex language and terminology of coral reef ecosystem science..." For more information see NOAA's Coral Reef Information System Fisheries Glossaries & Dictionaries NOAA FISHERIES GLOSSARY - Office of Science and Technology, National Marine Fisheries Service Multimedia NOAA Fisheries Glossary - PDF, 71 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Office of Science and Technology or the National Marine Fisheries Service DEFINING FISHERIES: A USER'S GLOSSARY - Authors: K.J. Roberts, J.W. Horst, J.E. Roussel & J.A. Shephard, (Louisiana Sea Grant College Program, Louisiana State University); Hosted by the Division of Marine Fisheries, Department of Environmental Quality, North Carolina Multimedia Fisheries Glossary (Text & Images). For more information see Division of Marine Fisheries or the Department of Environmental Quality FISHERIES TECHNICAL TERMS GLOSSARY - Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Multimedia Fisheries Technical Terms Glossary (Text & Images). For more information see Northeast Fisheries Science Center Ichthyology Glossaries & Dictionaries DICTIONARY OF ICHTHYOLOGY - Authors: Brian W. Coad (Research Services, Canadian Museum of Nature (Musée canadien de la nature), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) & Don E. McAllister Multimedia Dictionary of Ichthyology (Text & Images). Dictionary of Ichthyology "...Some terms cited here are also used, or originate, in genetics, marine biology, oceanography, limnology, systematics, palaeontology, parasitology, ecology, hydrology, fisheries, museum studies, angling, aquaculture, slang, dialects of English, folklore, etymology, literature, fish processing, fish technology, fishing vessels, cooking, veterinary science, etc. and the choice of terms to include from such diverse fields is eclectic..." For more information see Dictionary of Ichthyology Home Page; Brian W. Coad's Home Page or the Canadian Museum of Nature (Musée canadien de la nature) Marine Biology Glossaries & Dictionaries GLOSSARY OF MARINE BIOLOGY - J. Levinton, Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, N.Y. Multimedia Marine Biology Glossary (Text & Images). For more information see Jeff Levinton's Marine Biology Web Page MARINE BIOLOGY Marine Species Databases MARINE SPECIES: WORLD REGISTER OF MARINE SPECIES (WoRMS) - Marinespecies.org Multimedia Marine Species: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Marine Species Database "...The aim of a World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms, including information on synonymy. While highest priority goes to valid names, other names in use are included so that this register can serve as a guide to interpret taxonomic literature...." INTEGRATED TAXONOMIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (ANIMAL, PLANT, FUNGAL, MONERA) - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Geological Survey (USGS); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS); National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian Institution; National Biological Information Infrastructure; National Park Service; Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada; CONABIO, Mexico and hosted by the Department of Agriculture (USDA) Multimedia Integrated Taxonomic Information Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Integrated Taxonomic Information Database "...authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, and microbes of North America and the world..." Marine Biology Courses, Textbooks, Lectures, Lessons, etc. Comparative Marine Physiology Courses, Lectures & Lessons COMPARATIVE MARINE PHYSIOLOGY - C.W. Holliday, Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA Multimedia Comparative Marine Physiology Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Comparative Marine Physiology" Lessons include "...Blood volume regulation in crabs; Osmoregulation and Ion transport in isopod gills; Osmoregulation and Ion transport in brine shrimp; Osmoregulation and Ion transport in crab gills; Osmoregulation and Ion transport in fish gills; etc..." For more information see Chuck Holliday's Web Page or Department of Biology

MARINE BIOLOGY ATLASES, COURSES, LECTURES, LESSONS, ETC. BY SUBJECT Sounds of the Sea (Fish, Dolphins, Lobsters, Seals, Walrus, Whales, etc.) Sounds of the Sea Audio Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound AUDIO GALLERY FOR DISCOVERY OF SOUND IN THE SEA (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Office of Marine Programs (OMP), Coastal Institute on Narragansett, University of Rhode Island Multimedia Sounds of the Sea Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Audio Gallery of Sounds of the Sea "...Marine Mammals Sounds (Whales, Dolphins, Seals); Fish Sounds; Marine Invertebrates Sounds; Nautical Sounds, etc..." For more information see Discovery of Sound in the Sea or the Office of Marine Programs (OMP) COLLECTION OF SOUNDS FROM THE SEA (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Ocean Explorer, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Multimedia Sounds of the Sea Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Sound in the Sea; Explorations or Ocean Explorer Whale Sounds Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound WHALE ACOUSTICS PROJECT - PMEL Acoustics Program, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), NOAA Multimedia Whale Sounds Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Marine Mammals - Whale Sounds" include "...Blue Whale Sounds (Atlantic and NE, West & South Pacific); Fin Whale Sounds (Atlantic & Pacific); Humpback Whale (Alaska); etc..." For more information see PMEL Acoustics Program or the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) KILLER WHALE SOUNDS - WHALE CHAT - B.C. Wild Killer Whale Adoption Program, Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC, Canada Multimedia Whale Sounds Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Whale Facts or the Vancouver Aquarium's B.C. Wild Killer Whale Adoption Program Fish - Ichthyology Fish Databases FISHBASE DATABASE - FishBase Org Multimedia Fish Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. FishBase includes over "...30300 Species, 266200 Common names, 46000 Pictures..." For more information see FishBase Org FISHNET 2 - Development funding provided by: the National Science Foundation, and the National Biological Information Infrastructure FishNet 2 "...The FishNet network is a collaborative effort among fish collections around the world to share and distribute data on specimen holdings..." ICHTHYOLOGY (FISH) IMAGE DATABASE - Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences Multimedia Ichthyology Image Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ichthyology Image Database "...Three categories of images may be present: color photographs, radiographs, and original illustrations..." For more information see Ichthyology; Institute for Biodiversity Science or the California Academy of Sciences LARVABASE - Larvalbase Project & funded by German Ministery for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Germany Multimedia Fish Larvae Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Fish Larvae Database "...Provide fisheries and hatchery managers in developing countries with fast and easy access to all information relevant to the identification and rearing of fish larvae for aquaculture and stock enhancement and for the conservation and re-establishment of fish biodiversity..." Fish Anatomy FISH ANATOMY - Wikipedia Multimedia Fish Anatomy Lessons, Technical Reports, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE.

Deep Sea Animals - Deepwater Animals DEEP SEA ANIMAL IDENTIFICATION GUIDE - Hawaii Institute Research Laboratory (HURL), Hawaii Institute of Geophysics & Planetology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii Multimedia Deep Sea Animal Identification Guide (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Hawaii Institute Research Laboratories "...deepwater animal photo-guide is a collection of over 1,500 images from video still captures, digitized 35 mm slides, and pilot camera photos. The guide serves as a taxonomic reference of all deepwater animals encountered during submersible and ROV dives over HURL’s 30 year history..." For more information see the Hawaii Institute Research Laboratory (HURL); Hawaii Institute of Geophysics & Planetology or the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) GALLERY OF DEEP-SEA ANIMALS FOUND AT AXIAL SEAMOUNT - Earth-Ocean Interactions Program, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), NOAA Multimedia Gallery of Deep-sea Animals Found at Axial Seamount (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gallery of Deep-sea Animals Found at Axial Seamount "...Most of these are only found at hydrothermal vents..." For more information see NeMO Explorer; NeMO - The New Millennium Observatory; Earth-Ocean Interactions Program; PMEL Research or the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Cephalopods: Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish, Nautilus CEPHALOPOD PAGE: OCTOPUS, SQUID, CUTTLEFISH & MAUTILUS (QUICKTIME) - J.G. Woods, Bermuda Biological Station for Research Multimedia Cephalopods Database, Lessons, Technical Reports (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Cephalopods: Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish, Mautilus "...What group of animals can change color faster than a chameleon plus change texture and body shape, has three hearts pumping blue blood, is jet powered, has members in all oceans of the world - from the tropics to the poles..." CEPHBASE - CEPHALOPOD DATABASE: OCTOPUS, SQUID, CUTTLEFISH & MAUTILUS (QUICKTIME) - J.B. Wood, Associate Director & Director of Education of the Waikiki Aquarium , University of Hawaii Multimedia Cephalopods Database, Lessons, Technical Reports (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. CephBase: Cephalopods: Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish, Mautilus "...The purpose of CephBase is to provide life history, distribution, images, catch and taxonomic data on all living species of cephalopods (octopus, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus)..." For more information see James B. Wood's Home Page Comatulids & Crinoids CRINOIDS - C.G. Messing, Marine Biology, Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL Multimedia Crinoids Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Crinoidea (Crinoids) "...includes the most exquisite members of the Echinodermata, far more stunning as a rule than any plodding urchin or commonplace starfish (just to let you know at the outset where my allegiance lies). With a family tree rooted in almost 500 million years of history, they are the senior group of living echinoderms.." Charles Messing's Crinoid Pages Subject Categories include "...Introduction; Morphology; Feeding; Systematics..." For more information see Charles G. Messing's Home Page; Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography or Nova Southeastern University Conchology & Gastropods - Shells & Mollusks HARDY'S INTERNET GUIDE TO MARINE GASTROPODS - Eddie Hardy, gastropods.com Multimedia Gastropods Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. CONCHOLOGY: THE ART & SCIENCE OF NATURE - World Wide Conchology Multimedia Conchology Database (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. CONCHOLOGY - Guido T. Poppe, Beligum Multimedia Conchology Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Corals - Sea Anemones NOAA'S CORAL REEF DATA DISCOVERY GLOSSARY - NOAA's Coral Reef Information System, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Multimedia Coral Reef Data Discovery Glossary (Text & Images). Coral Reef Data Discovery Glossary "...glossary contains over 5,300 technical terms, with their definitions, explanations, and illustrative materials where apropos. The aim of the CoRIS glossary is to help the student or layperson, as well as the professional scientist and manager, to understand the complex language and terminology of coral reef ecosystem science..." For more information see NOAA's Coral Reef Information System CORAL REEFS - National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Multimedia Coral Reefs Databases & Coral Reefs Technical Reports, Lessons, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see NOAA CORAL REEFS: HAWAIIAN ISLANDS (QUICKTIME) - Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Geology Division, United States Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Coral Reefs Videos, Databases, Technical Reports, Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Hawaiian Islands Coral Reefs Subject Categories include "...Digital Resources; Mapping coral reefs; Monitoring change on coral reefs; Sediment studies; etc..." For more information see Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Geology Divisions or the United States Geological Survey HEXACORALLIANS OF THE WORLD: SEA ANEMONES, CORALS AND THEIR ALLIES - D.G. Fautin, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Kansas University Biodiversity Institute, Kansas University Multimedia Coral Database & Sea Anemones Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Hexacorallians of the World "...A compilation of publications concerning taxonomy, nomenclature, and geographic distribution of extant hexacorallians members of cnidarian orders Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, Ptychodactiaria, and Zoanthidea (sea anemones in the loose sense), Ceriantharia (tube anemones), and Scleractinia (hard or stony corals)..." For more information see Biogeoinformatics of Hexacorals; Division of Invertebrate Zoology or the Kansas University Biodiverstiy Institute

Crustacea: Barnacles, Crabs, Lobsters, Shimp, etc. CRUSTACEA - Discover Live Multimedia Crustacea Database (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Discover Live Nudibranchs, Opisthobranchs, Sea Slugs SEA SLUG FORUM: NUDIBRANCHS, OPISTHOBRANCHS, SEA SLUGS - The Sea Slug Forum, Australian Museum Multimedia Nudibranchs, Opisthobranchs, Sea Slugs Database, Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. The Sea Slug Forum includes Species List; General Topics "...Body shape, anatomy and body parts; General biology, ecology and evolution; Interstitial (and other microscopic) opisthobranch groups; Life history, reproduction, mating and eggs; Localities and geographic regions; etc..." Other animals (including slug food and animals that look like slugs); Other molluscs (including snails, clams and chitons); Sacoglossans; Sea Hares (including Aplysiomorpha, Anaspidea and Aplysia); etc..." For more information see the Australian Museum MEDITERRANEAN SLUG SITE: OPISTHOBRANCHS FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND ELSEWHERE - Erwin Koehler Multimedia Nudibranchs, Opisthobranchs, Sea Slugs Database, Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Includes Opisthobranchs from the "...Mediterranean Sea; Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, etc..." THE SLUG SITE: NUDIBRANCHS, OPISTHOBRANCHS, SEA SLUGS - M.D. Miller, San Diego, CA Multimedia Nudibranchs, Opisthobranchs, Sea slugs Database (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Some examples include Past Video Selections of the Week Pan American Nudibranchs Opisthobranch Selections from Hawaii Pacific Coast Opisthobranchs Seaweeds, Kelp, Maring Algae ALGAEBASE - Michael D. Guiry, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Multimedia Algae Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Algaebase contains over "...122,000 species and infraspecific names are in the database, 6,000 images, 40,000 bibliographic items, 143,000 distributional records..." Algaebase includes: "...Marine, freshwater and terrestrial algae are included, although the data for marine organisms are the most complete. Blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), rhodophytes, phaeophytes, chlorophytes, euglenophytes, etc..." For more information see the Ryan Institute SEAWEEDS - Michael D. Guiry, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Multimedia Seaweeds Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Seaweeds Database "...This site is a source of general information on all aspects of seaweeds. Seaweeds are marine algae: saltwater-dwelling, simple organisms that fall into the rather outdated category of "plants". Most of them are the green (about 1200 species), brown (about 1750 species) or red (about 6000 species) kinds illustrated on this page, and..." For more information see the Ryan Institute CATALOGUE OF BENTHIC MARINE ALGAE OF THE INDIAN OCEAN - P.C. Silva, P. Basson & R. Moe; The University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Marine Algae Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean "...All published records of benthic marine algae from the Indian Ocean excluding the Red Sea are assembled in a catalogue with the taxa arranged according to an assumed phylogenetic scheme to the rank of order..." For more information see The University and Jepson Herbaria Sea Urchins SEA URCHIN EMBRYOLOGY - Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford University Multimedia Sea Urchin Embryology Lessons (Text, Images & Animations). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Sea Urchin Embryology "...The drama of fertilization and development is explored by laboratory modules using sea urchin eggs and a web site developed by teachers and Stanford University researchers..." For more information see Sea Urchin Embryology Home Page Some examples from more than "50" Sea Urchin Lessons include Anatomy & Physiology Path of Development SEA URCHIN EMBRYOLOGY - J. Hardin, Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison Wisconsin Multimedia Sea Urchin Embryology Lessons (Text & Images). Sea Urchin Embryology Lessons include "...Fertilization; Cleavage; Gastrulation; Neurulation..." For more information see Welcome to the Sea Urchin Embryology Tutorial!; Dynamics of Development!; Zoo Web or the Department of Zoology Seahorses WATCH A SEAHORSE GIVE BIRTH TO 2,000 BABIES - National Geographic Multimedia Watch a Seahorse Give Birth to 2,000 Babies (Text, Images, Animations & Audio/Sound). For more information see the National Geographic SEAHORSES MATING, TRANSFERRING EGGS - Seahorse Conservancy Multimedia Seahorses Mating, Transferring Eggs (Text, Images, Animations & Audio/Sound). For more information see the Seahorse Conservancy

Oceanography & Marine Geochemistry

Oceanography & Marine Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Undergraduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Introduction to Physical Oceanography Chemical Oceanography & Marine Chemistry Geochemistry of Marine Sediments & Marine Organic Geochemistry Fisheries & Biological Oceanography ~ Satellite Oceanography Graduate Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. Chemical Oceanography Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks ~ Hydrothermal Vent Geochemistry Isotope Geochemistry ~ Sea Level Measurement & Interpretation Oceanography Tools & Calculators Oceanography; OOI, Marine Geoscience, Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry; Bathymetry; Topography; Sea Level; Vents; etc. Databases, Atlases, Models, etc. Bedform Sedimentology, Marine Sedimentary Processes & Sediment Transport Coastal Modeling Systems ~ Dredging Ocean Waves, Ocean Wave Theory Paleoceanography Coastal Engineering

Oceanography OCEANOGRAPHY, MARINE GEOCHEMISTRY, ETC. COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. Undergraduate: Physical Oceanography Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY - L.D. Talley & M.C. Hendershott, Climate, Atmospheric Sciences and Physical Oceanography (CASPO), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego (UCSD) Multimedia Introduction to Physical Oceanography Course (Text, Images & Animations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "25" "Introduction to Physical Oceanography" Course Lectures include "...Physical Properties of Seawater; Typical Distributions/Ocean Structure; Dynamics (Momentum, Rotation & Geostrophy); Waves; Tsunamis; Tides; Internal Waves; Atmospheric Circulation/Surface Forcing; Pacific Ocean Subtropical Circulation; Indian Ocean (Monsoons, Subtropical, Overturning); Southern Ocean; etc..." For more information see Lynne Talley's Home Page; Lynne Talley's Faculty Home Page; Climate, Atmospheric Sciences and Physical Oceanography (CASPO) or the Scripps Institution of Oceanography AN INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY - M. Tomczak (Emeritus Professor), School of the Environment, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Multimedia Physical Oceanography Course (Text, Images, Simulations & Calculators). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Physical Oceanography "...Physical oceanography occupies a unique place amongst all science disciplines because it has strong interactions with a large number of other sciences of very different characteristics..." Examples of "An Introduction to Physical Oceanography" Course Lectures include Properties of Weawater, the Concept of Salinity; The Global Oceanic Heat and Mass (freshwater) budgets; Depth Distribution of Temperature, Salinity and Mutrients; Aspects of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics; Thermohaline Processes, Water Masses; Wave Classification, Dispersion, Wind Waves; Long waves: Tsunamis, Seiches, Internal Waves; etc. For more information see Matthias Tomczak's Oceanography Web Site or Matthias Tomczak's Faculty Home Page Examples of "An Introduction to Physical Oceanography" Course Lectures include Lecture 1: Introduction, projections, ocean topography Lecture 5: Distribution of temperature and salinity with depth; the density stratification Lecture 9: Wave classification, dispersion, wind waves Undergraduate: Chemical Oceanography & Marine Chemistry Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (OCEANOGRAPHY 400) - J.W. Murray, Chemical Oceanography, School of Oceanography, College of the Environment, University of Washington Multimedia Chemical Oceanography Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "18" "Chemical Oceanography" Course Lectures include "...Major Ions of Seawater; Stable Isotopes; Radioactive Isotopes and Decay; Gases and Gas Exchange; Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Reactions; Principles of Mass Balance - Box Models; Primary Production - Nutrient Stoichiometry; Redox reactions; Respiration; Ocean Nitrogen Cycle; etc..." For more information see Oceanography 400 Home Page; James W. Murray's Lab Home Page; James W. Murray's Faculty Home Page or the School of Oceanography MARINE CHEMISTRY - Adina Paytan, Paytan Biogeochemistry Lab, Institute of Marine Science, University of California, Santa Cruz & Hosted by: Ocean Biogeochemistry Lab, Department of Geological & Environmental Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University Multimedia Marine Chemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "16" "Marine Chemistry" Course Lectures include "...Properties of Water and Seawater; Temperature; Salinity; Density; General Ocean Circulation; Major Elements in the Ocean; Trace Elements in the Ocean; Marine Chemical Mass Balance (Box and Transport Reaction Models); The Biological Pump; Particle Flux; Remineralization Acid-Base Reactions; Carbonate Chemistry; Marine Sediments; Marine Sediments & Stable Isotopes; etc..." For more information see Paytan Biogeochemistry Lab (Payton Chemical Oceanography Lab); Biological Oceanography/Marine Chemistry Course Home Page; Ocean Biogeochemistry Lab or the Department of Geological & Environmental Sciences Undergraduate: Geochemistry of Marine Sediments & Marine Organic Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. GEOCHEMISTRY OF MARINE SEDIMENTS - D.C. McCorkle & W.R. Martin, Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Multimedia Geochemistry of Marine Sediments Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Marine Sediments" Course Lectures include "...Sampling; Solute Transport; Particle Accumulation Rates; Organc Matter Decomposition; Oxic Decomposition; Denitrification and the Sedimentary Nitrogen Cycle; Carbonate Chemistry; Metabolic Calcite Dissolution; Permeable Sediments; etc..." For more information see Geochemistry of Marine Sediments; Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Course Notes; Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry or the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution MARINE ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY - D.J. Repeta & T.I. Eglinton, Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Multimedia Marine Organic Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Marine Organic Geochemistry" Course Lectures include "...Organic Geochemistry Methods - Chromatography; Organic Geochemistry Methods - Mass Spectrometry; Composition of DOC; Microbial BGC and DOC; Terrestrial OM in the Oceans Carbon Preservation in Sediment; Radiocarbon in Organic Materials; etc..." For more information see Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Course Notes; Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry or the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Undergraduate: Fisheries & Biological Oceanography Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY - Matthew Church, Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Hawai'i, Manoa, Hawai'i Multimedia Biological Oceanography Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Biological Oceanography" Course Lectures include "...Carbon cycling and the biological pump; Photosynthetic biomass and marine phytoplankton; Dissolved organics matter; Plankton respiration and community metabolism; ; Pelagic Consumers-Energetics; Pelagic Community Ecology-Methods; Fisheries Oceanography; Fisheries Oceanography – Management; Suspension Feeding; Reproduction and recruitment; Distribution patterns: Depth Zonation; etc..." For more information see Oceanography Courses; Mathew J. Church's Home Page; Department of Oceanography or the School of Ocean and Earth Science Undergraduate: Satellite Oceanography Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. COMPARING NWP SYNTHETIC/SIMULATED SATELLITE IMAGERY TO OBSERVED SATELLITE IMAGERY - Authors: Dan Bikos, Dan Lindsey and Lewis Grasso; Virtual Institute for Satellite Integration Training (VISIT), a joint effort involving NOAA-NESDIS Cooperative Institutes, the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS), and the National Weather Service (NWS); Hosted by Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology Branch (NOAA/NESDIS), and is co-located with the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University Multimedia Comparing NWP Synthetic/Simulated Satellite Imagery to Observed Satellite Imagery Course (Text, Images, Video/Movies & Audio Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Comparing NWP Synthetic/Simulated Satellite Imagery to Observed Satellite Imagery "...This module is part of the satellite foundational course for GOES-R (SatFC-G). This particular module covers simulated/synthetic satellite imagery..." "...Learning objectives include 1) Understand the generation, display and limitations of synthetic/simulated imagery, 2) Introduce how the use of synthetic/simulated satellite imagery from NWP can aid in the forecast process of cloud cover,low cloud/fog, convection and extra-tropical cyclogenesis, 3) How to verify synthetic / simulated satellite imagery with GOES-R imagery..." For more information see Training Sessions; Virtual Institute for Satellite Integration Training (VISIT) or the Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology Branch (NOAA/NESDIS) Graduate: Chemical Oceanography CHEMICAL OCENAOGRAPHY (REAL PLAYER & FLASH) - D.K. Ryan & M. Altabet (Dartmouth University), Department of Chemistry & the Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts Multimedia Graduate Chemical Oceanography Course (Text, Images, PowerPoint, PDF, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples from over "25" Graduate "Chemical Oceanography" Course Video Lectures include "...Physicochemical Properties Video Lectures; Equilibrium Concepts Video Lectures; Atmospheric Chemistry Video Lecture; Dissolved Gases Video Lecture; Carbonate System Video Lectures; Global CO2 Cycle Video Lectures; Organic Matter Production & Export Video Lectures; Geochemical Cycles Video Lectures; Metal Geochemistry Video Lectures; Stable Isotopes as Tracers Video Lecture; Radioisotopes as Tracers Video Lecture; CO2 Sequestration Video Lecture; etc..." For more information see Chemical Oceanography; Courses; David Ryan's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry Graduate: Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. GEOKEM: GEOCHEMISTRY OF IGNEOUS ROCKS - B.M. Gunn, Mew Zealand Multimedia Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks Lectures, Technical Reports, Databases, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks (GEOKEM)" Subject Categories & Lectures include "...Oceanic Ridge Basalts (ORBs); Oceanic Island Basalts (OIBs) & Alkaline Series; Continental Flood Basalts; Orogenic Andesites; Rare Earth Elements; Sodic and Potassic Granites; Lamprophyres; Rhyolites Trachytes and Phonolites; Archaean MetaBasalts, and MetaAndesites; Extraterrestrial geochemistry; etc..." Graduate: Hydrothermal Vent Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. HYDROTHERMAL VENTING - Earth-Ocean Interactions Program, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA Multimedia Hydrothermal Venting Lectures, Databases, Technical Publications, etc. (Text, Images, Animations, ). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Hydrothermal Venting" Subject Categories include "...Fluids - Vent Fluid Chemistry; Gases - Gas Chemistry - Helium Isotope Laboratory; Hydrothermal Plume Studies; Hydrothermal Vent Particle Chemistry; Modeling Effects of Hydrothermal Plumes; etc..." For more information see Earth-Ocean Interactions Program; PMEL Research or the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Graduate: Isotope Geochemistry Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY - W.M. White, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University Multimedia Isotope Geochemistry Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Isotope Geochemistry" Course Lectures include Geochronology "...Geochronology; Isotope Cosmochemistry; Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Mantle; Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Crust; Stable Isotopes II High Temperature Applications; Stable Isotope Geochemistry III Low Temperature Applications; Unconventional Stable Isotope Approaches and Systems; etc..." For more information see Isotope Geochemistry (EAS 656) Home Page; William M. White's Home Page or the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Graduate: Sea Level Measurement & Interpretation Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. IOC MANUAL ON SEA LEVEL MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION - Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, U.K. Multimedia Sea Level Measurement & Interpretation Manual - PDF (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "IOC Manual on Sea Level Measurement & Interpretation" Subject Categories include "...Basic Procedures; Emerging Technologies; Reappraisals and Recommendations as of the year 2000; List of tide gauge manufacturers; Glossary of terms used in tidal measurements and analysis; Frequently used abbreviations and acronyms; etc..." For more information see Sea Level Training; Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level or the National Oceanography Centre (NOC)

OCEANOGRAPHY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS OCEAN CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS Basic Oceanography Calculators & Applets A SEA WATER EQUATION OF STATE CALCULATOR - R. Chapman, Ocean Remote Sensing Group, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Sea Water Equation of State Calculator "...will allow you to compute the UNESCO International Equation of State (IES 80) as described in Fofonoff..." Sea Water Equation of State Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Depth; Pressure; Temperature; Conductivity; Salinity; Density..." For more information see Ocean Remote Sensing Group OCEANOGRAPHIC UTILITIES - M. Tomczak (Emeritus Professor), School of the Environment, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Oceanographic Calculators & Graphing Applets include: Density from Temperature, Salinity and Pressure Calculator; Sound speed from Temperature, Salinity and Pressure Calculator; Potential Temperature from In-situ Temperature and Pressure Calculator; Freezing Point of Seawater Calculator; Salinity from Conductivity Ratio Calculator; Salinity from Conductivity, Temperature and Pressure Calculator; Coriolis Frequency Calculator; Distance between Two Positions Calculator; Potential Temperature, Potential Density and Brunt-Väisälä Frequency Calculator with Graphs; Geostrophic Current and Volume Transport Calculator with Graphs; Ocean Currents Calculator with Graphs; Wind and Calculating Wind Stress Data Calculator with Graphs; Co-oscillation Tides and Seiches in Narrow Gulfs and Basins Calculator with Graphs; Designing a Station Plan for an Oceanographic Research Voyage Calculator with Graphs; For more information see An Introduction to Physical Oceanography; Matthias Tomczak's Oceanography Web Site or Matthias Tomczak's Faculty Home Page Some examples from over "15" Oceanographic Calculators & Graphing Applets include Sound Speed Calculator Sound Speed Calculator (Sound speed from temperature, salinity and pressure) "...solves the Equation of State of Seawater..." Freezing Point Calculator Freezing Point Calculator (Freezing Point of Seawater) "...determines the freezing point of seawater..." Graphing Utility for Geostrophic Currents Graphing Utility for Geostrophic Currents "...calculates and plots the geostrophic current and volume transport between two hydrographic (CTD) stations, relative to the deepest observation..." Graphing Utility for Ocean Currents Graphing Utility for Ocean Currents "...plots self-generated or imported ocean current data in a variety of graphic representations..." Advanced Oceanography Calculators & Applets CALCULATION OF ABSORPTION OF SOUND IN SEAWATER - CALCULATOR - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. Absorption of Sound in Seawater Calculator "...The absorption of sound in seawater forms part of the total transmission loss of sound from a source to a receiver. It depends on the seawater properties, such as temperature, salinity and acidity as well as the frequency of the sound. The details of the underlying physics of absorption are quite complex. Note that the absorption causes only part of the transmission loss. Usually, the major contribution to transmission loss is the spreading of the acoustic wave as it propagates away from the source..." Absorption of Sound in Seawater Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Frequency; Temperature; Depth; Salinity; Acidity..." For more information see Acoustic Technical Guides; Underwater Acoustics; NPL Ultrasound & Underwater Acoustics; Science + Technology or the National Physical Laboratory SPEED OF SOUND IN SEA-WATER - National Physical Laboratory (NPL), U.K. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculators include: "...4 Interactive Versions for Speed of Sound; 2 Interactive Versions for Pressure or Depth..." For more information see Acoustic Technical Guides; Underwater Acoustics; NPL Ultrasound & Underwater Acoustics; Science + Technology or the National Physical Laboratory Some examples of Speed of Sound in Sea-Water or Pressure or Depth Calculators include Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: The International Standard Algorithm (UNESCO equation): Chen and Millero Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Del Grosso's equation: Wong and Zhu (An alternative equation to the UNESCO algorithm) Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Mackenzie Speed of Sound in Sea-Water Calculator: Coppens Presure to Depth in Sea-Water Calculator: Leroy and Parthiot CO2-SYSTEM CALCULATIONS (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - E.A. Boyle, Trace Metal Group, Chemical Oceanography, Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate (PAOC), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS) VERY EXTENSIVE. CO2-System Calculator "...is designed to calculate carbon system parameters given T, S, P, TotCO2, and Alkalinity inputs...It uses the cubic [H+] simplification of the carbon system, which only applies in the range of natural seawater pH..." For more information see Edward A. Boyle Home Page (MIT Chemical Oceanography, Trace Metal Group); Edward A. Boyle Faculty Home Page or the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS) COMPUTATION OF AQUEOUS METAL SOLUBILITIES USING SPREADSHEET PROGRAMS (SPREADSHEETS OPEN ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - D.A. Vaccari, Department of Civil, Environmental and Coastal Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer, Jr. School of Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology VERY EXTENSIVE. Computation of Aqueous Metal Solubilities Calculators include: "...Lead Solubility Calculator; Copper Solubility Calculator; Ferrous and Ferric Iron Solubility Calculator; Calcium and Magnesium Solubility Calculator; etc..." For more information see David A. Vaccari's Home Page or the Department of Civil, Environmental and Coastal Engineering OCEANIC CALCULATOR - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Oceanic Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Salinity; Pressure..." Oceanic Calculator OUTPUT values include: Salinity Chemical Properties "...Boron; Bromine; Calcium; etc..." Physicsl Properties "...Activity of Water; Boiling Point; Freezing Point; Specific Alkalinity; etc..." Temperature & Salinity Chemical Properties "...Dissolved Argon; Dissolved Carbon Dioxide; Dissolved Methane; etc..." Physical Properties "...Enthalpy; Heat Capacity; Osmotic Pressure; etc..." Temperature, Salinity & Pressure Chemical Properties "...Borate pK; Carbonate pK1; Calcite pKsp; etc..." Physical Properties "...Adiabatic Gradient; Adiabatic Temperature; Specific Heat; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc. or Pat Wilde's Home Page OCEANIC CALCULATOR II: CONSERVATIVE, NUTRIENT AND REDOX RELATED ELEMENTS IN SEA WATER - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Oceanic Calculator II INPUT Values include: "...Salinity; Phosphate; Silicate; Oxygen..." Oceanic Calculator II OUTPUT values include amounts in Sea Water for the following: "...Lithium; Sodium; Potassium; Rubidium; Cesium; Beryllium; Magnesium; Calcium; Strontium; Barium; Zirconium; Titanium; Vanadium; Molybendum; Chromium; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc. or Pat Wilde's Home Page OCEANIC CALCULATOR III: OCEANIC VELOCITY FROM STATION DATA CALCULATOR - HELLAND-HANSEN EQUATION - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. "...'Mean' velocity with depth between two hydrographic stations making the depth of no motion assumption and applying the Helland-Hansen equation..." Oceanic Calculator III INPUT Values include: "...Latitude f; f*1e=4; Separtation A-B..." Oceanic Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Station A values; Station B Values; Depth; dp; Mean d; Md*dp; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc. or Pat Wilde's Home Page OCEANIC VERTICAL REDOX CALCULATOR - P. Wilde, Berkeley, CA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Oceanic Vertical Redox "...Dissolved Oxygen with depth for Glacial, Inter-Glacial, and Non-Glacial climates. Surface and Deep water D.O and temperature as well as pycnocline thickness variable..." Oceanic Vertical Redox Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Desired Values of Dissolved Oxygen in mL/L for the Mixed Layer (Surface) and for the Deep Layer; Depth; Climate: Glacial; Pre-Post Glacial or Non Glacial; etc..." For more information see Marine Related Interactive Tables, etc. or Pat Wilde's Home Page

OCEANOGRAPHY; OOI, MARINE GEOSCIENCE, GEOLOGY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOCHEMISTRY; BATHYMETRY; TOPOGRAPHY; SEA LEVEL, VENTS; ETC. DATABASES, ATLASES, MODELS, ETC. Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) OCEAN OBSERVATORIES INITIATIVE (OOI) Multimedia Ocean Observatories Initiative (Text & Images). Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) "...will construct a networked infrastructure of science-driven sensor systems to measure the physical, chemical, geological and biological variables in the ocean and seafloor. Greater knowledge of these variables is vital for improved detection and forecasting of environmental changes and their effects on biodiversity, coastal ecosystems and climate..." For more information see the Consortium for Ocean Leadership Oceanography Atlases & Databases VIRTUAL OCEAN - Hosted by: Marine Geoscience Data System, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University Multimedia Virtual Ocean Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Virtual Ocean "...integrates the GeoMapApp tool suite with the NASA World Wind 3-D earth browser to create a powerful new platform for interdisciplinary research and education..." The Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT)synthesis developed by the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS) is the primary base map for Virtual Ocean, providing..." For more information see IEDA: Marine Geoscience Data System Tools & Services; IEDA: Marine Geoscience Data System; Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA) or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) GEOMAPAPP - Hosted by the: Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; Part of the IEDA Data Facility GeoMapApp "...provides direct access to the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) compilation that hosts high resolution (~100 m node spacing) bathymetry from multibeam data for ocean areas and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) and NED (National Elevation Dataset) topography datasets for the global land masses..." For more information see the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS) or the Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA) EGEOTRACES ELECTRONIC ATLAS - Reiner Schlitzer, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Multimedia eGeotraces Electronic Atlas (Text, Images & Animated 3D Scenes). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. eGeotraces Electronic Atlas "...contains section plots and animated 3D scenes for a large number of hydrographic parameters as well as trace elements and isotopes measured along GEOTRACES cruise tracks. Users select tracers, cruise tracks and ocean basins in easy and intuitive ways..." "...eGEOTRACES then presents tracer distributions along the selected sections or animated 3D scenes showing tracer distributions along all available sections in the selected basin..." For more information see Intermediate Data Product 2014; GEOTRACES; Reiner Schlitzer's Home Page or the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research NODC OCEANOGRAPHIC DATABASES - National Oceanographic Data Center, NOAA Multimedia NODC Oceanographic Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "NODC Oceanographic" Databases include "...Biology Databases; Buoy Databases; Chlorophyll Databases; Ocean Currents Databases; Plankton Databases; Salinity Databases; Coastal Water Temperature Guide (CWTG); Global Argo Data Repository; Global Ocean Data, Archaeology & Rescue; Global Temperature Salinity Profile Program (GTSPP); Coral Reef Temperature Anomaly Database (CoRTAD); etc..." For more information see the National Oceanographic Data Center SEAFLOOR LITHOLOGY - EarthByte, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Multimedia Seafloor Lithology (Text, Images & 3D Visualisations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GPlates "...Knowing the patterns of distribution of sediments in the global ocean is critical for understanding biogeochemical cycles and how deep-sea deposits respond to environmental change at the sea surface. We present the first digital map of seafloor lithologies based on descriptions of nearly 14,500 samples from original cruise reports, interpolated using a support vector machine algorithm..." For more information see Seafloor Lithology Home Page; GPlates Wed Portal; EarthByte; School of Geosciences or the University of Sydney WORLD OCEAN DATABASE AND WORLD OCEAN ATLAS - Ocean Climate Laboratory (OCL), National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "World Ocean Database and World Ocean Atlas" include XBT Bias Depth and Temperature Corrections WODselect: "...The WODselect interface allows a user to search World Ocean Database 2005 using a user-specified search criteria. A distribution map..." World Ocean Database 2009: Geographic and year sorted data World Ocean Atlas 2009: Climatological fields and statistics data files World Ocean Atlas 2009 Figures: Climatological field and statistic figures; etc. For more information see the Ocean Climate Laboratory (OCL) or the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) CCHDO - CLIVAR & CARBON HYDROGRAPHIC DATA OFFICE - CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office, La Jolla, California Multimedia DDHDO Databses (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. CCHDO's primary mission "...to deliver the highest possible quality global CTD and hydrographic data to users. These data are a product of decades of observations related to the physical characteristics of ocean waters carried out during WOCE, CLIVAR and numerous other oceanographic research programs..." eWOCE - ELECTRONIC ATLAS OF WOCE DATA - Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) Electronic Atlas of WOCE Data "...permits graphical display and interactive analysis of the data in many different ways. With extensive interactive controls and the capability to add a wide variety of derived quantities, this electronic atlas complements the printed WOCE atlases..." "...An eWOCE Gallery shows more than 350 tracer distributions along sections from the WOCE Hydrographic Program (WHP)..." For more information see the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHY DATABASES, SOFTWARE, MOVIES, ETC. - USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Multimedia Oceanography Databases, Databases, Software, Calculators, Spreadsheets, etc. (Text, Images, Animations, Simulations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Woods Hole Oceanography" Programs include "...Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Marine Realms Information Bank..." Examples of "USGS Woods Hole Science Center" Software include "...Sediment Grain-size Analysis Software; Digital Shoreline Analysis System; MATLAB software for scientific computations; etc..." Examples of "Matlab Tools for Oceanographic Analysis (A collaborative effort to organize and distribute Matlab tools for the Oceanographic Community)" Subject Categories include "...Time Series Tools; Numerical Modeling Tools; Mapping Tools; Hydrographic Tools; Data Interface Tools; etc..." Marine Geoscience, Marine Geology, Marine Geophysics, Marine Geochemistry, Bathymetry, Topography, etc. Databases MARINE GEOSCIENCE DATA SYSTEM (MGDS) - MGDS Team, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Marine Geoscience Data Portals, Tools, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Marine Geoscience Data Portals" include "...Antarctic & Southern Ocean Data Portal; GeoPRISMS Data Portal; Global Multi-Resolution Topography Data Portal; Academic Seismic Portal at LDEO; etc..." Examples of "Marine Geoscience Tools & Services" include "...Create Maps & Grids; GeoMapApp; EarthObserver App; Media Bank; etc..." For more information see Marine Geoscience Databases; Databases & Repositories; Division of Marine Geology & Geophysics; Research; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) or the Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA) GEOCHEMICAL EARTH REFERENCE MODEL (GERM) - GERM, EarthRef.org Multimedia Geochemical Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Geochemical Earth Reference Model" Databases include Geochemistry of the Earth Database "...contains summary data on the geochemistry of all reservoirs in the Earth..." Rocks and Minerals Database "...contains partition coefficient data for all types of rocks and minerals and for every element..." Examples of other "Reservoir" Databases include "...Coarse Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Smooth Interplanetary Dust Particles; Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles; Interplanetary Dust Particles; etc..." For more information see EarthRef Databases or EarthRef.org GEOCHEMISTRY OF ROCKS OF THE OCEANS AND CONTINENTS (GEOROC) - Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für Chemie, Mainz, Germany Multimedia Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans & Continents Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans & Continents Database "...a global geochemical database containing published chemical and isotopic data as well as extensive "metadata" for rocks, minerals and melt/fluid inclusions..." For more information see the Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für Chemie MARINE GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, BATHYMETRY, TOPOGRAPHY, & RELIEF DATABASES - U.S. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA Multimedia Bathymetry, Topography, & Relief Databases, Marine Geology Databases & Marine Geophysics Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. NGDC and the collocated World Data Center for Geophysics and Marine Geology, Boulder (WDC GMG), "...compile, maintain, archive, and distribute data from extensive databases in coastal and open ocean areas. Key data types include trackline geophysics (gravity, magnetics, seismic reflection, bathymetry), sediment thickness, and..." For more information see the National Geophysical Data Center Examples from over "30" "Marine Geology & Geophysics" Databases include Bathymetry and Topography Bathymetry and Topography Databases include Bathymetry (Ocean Depths) "...HO Data Center for Digital Bathymetry (IHODCDB); International Ocean Mapping Projects; Multibeam Data; NOS Hydrographic Survey Data; Satellite-derived Data; Trackline Data; etc..." Combined Bathymetry & Topography "...Coastlines & Coastline Extractor; Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Discovery Portal; Global Relief (ETOPO2v2 and ETOPO5); Tsunami Inundation Gridding Project; etc..." Marine Geology & Geophysics: Shoreline - Coastline Data Marine Geology & Geophysics: Shoreline - Coastline Databases include "...Coastline Extractor Electronic Database allows you to extract coastline segments bounded by a specified latitude/longitude range. Plots the coast you extracted. GSHHS - A Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Shoreline Database; Coastal Relief Model at NGDC; etc..." Marine Geology Data Marine Geology Database "...Descriptions, Photographs, and Analyses of Marine and Lakebed Sediments and Rocks..." Marine Geophysical Trackline Data Marine Geophysical Trackline Database "...contains bathymetry, magnetics, gravity and seismic navigation data collected during marine cruises from 1953 to the present. Coverage is worldwide. Data sources include both US and foreign oceanographic institutions and government agencies..." PETROLOGICAL DATABASE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR (PETDB) - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University Multimedia Petrological Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor "...archives and serves analytical data for whole rocks, glasses, minerals, melt inclusions, with emphasis on basalts and abyssal peridotites. PetDB contains major, trace-element, and isotope ratios for samples from mid-ocean ridge basalts, back-arc basins, young near-ridge seamounts, and old oceanic crust..." For more information see Data Projects or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) Sea Level Databases SEA LEVEL DATA - Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, U.K. Multimedia Sea Level Data (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level or the National Oceanography Centre (NOC) Submarine Volcanism and Hydrothermal Venting EARTH-OCEAN INTERACTIONS PROGRAM - Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA Multimedia Earth-Ocean Interactions Program Databases, Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Earth-Ocean Interactions Program "...conducts research on the impacts and consequences of submarine volcanism and hydrothermal venting on the global ocean and deep-sea ecosystems..." Examples of "Earth-Ocean Interactions Programs" include Research "...Hydrothermal Venting (Fluids, Gases, Plumes, Particles, etc.); Submarine Volcanism (Geology and Mapping); etc..." Photos/Video "...Black Smokers; Submarine-eruptions; Submarine Ring of Fire; DIVE!: Dive to an active submarine volcano!; etc..." For more information see PMRL Research Activities or the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

SEDIMENT COURSES, LECTURES, CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BEDFORM SEDIMENTOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, MANUALS, ETC. MARINE SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES COURSES, LECTURES, MANUALS, ETC. SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS BEDFORM SEDIMENTOLOGY (QUICKTIME) - Authors: D.M. Rubin, C.L. Carter, G.V. Middleton, & R.E. Plotnick; Hosted by the USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center, USGS Multimedia Bedform Sedimentology Technical Manual (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). Examples of "Bedform Sedimentology Technical Manual" Subject Categories include Bedforms and Cross-Bedding in Animations (includes Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) Table of Contents which include over "70" Animations & Movies includes "...Bedform Classes Animations & Movies; Bedform Experiments Animations & Movies; etc..." Forecasting Techniques, Underlying Physics, and Applications includes "...Techniques; Complication of Unsteady Forcing; Examples; etc..." Software available for download. For more information see the Topics or the USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center MARINE SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES: MECHANICS OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT - A.S. Ogston & C. Nittrouer, Marine Geology & Geophysics, School of Oceanography, College of the Environment, University of Washington Multimedia Marine Sedimentary Processes Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Marine Sedimentary Processes: Mechanics of Sediment Transport" Course Lectures include "...Settling Velocity; Flocculation of sediment particles; Buoyant plumes; Marine boundary layers; Bedload transport; Suspended-sediment load and flux; Waves and sediment transport; Beaches; etc..." For more information see the Marine Sedimentary Processes Home Page (Ocean 541/Ocean 411); Andrea S. Ogston Home Page or the School of Oceanography SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT (JAVA APPLETS) - C.R. Sherwood, Coastal Sediment Transport Measurements and Modeling, USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Christopher R. Sherwood's Home Page or the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Some examples of Sediment-Transport Calculators include Linear Wave Calculations Linear Wave Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Wave Height; Wave Period; Water Depth..." Linear Wave Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Wave Number; Angular Frequency; Near-bottom Orbital Velocity..." Ripple Properties Calculator Ripple Properties Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Wave Height; Wave Period; Water Depth; Grain Diameter..." Ripple Properties Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Near-bottom Orbital Velocity; Orbital Diameter; Grain Size; Ripple Height; Ripple Wavelength; etc..." Sediment Particle Property Calculations Sediment Particle Property Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Grain Size (phi); Grain Size (mm); Grain Density; Fine Sand: Powers Roundness Factor; Corey Shape Factor; Salinity; etc..." Sediment Particle Property Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Critical Shear Stress; Dietrich Settling Velocity; Stokes Setting Velocity; Gibbs Setting Velocity; Water Density; etc..." Wave-Current Interaction Calculations Wave-Current Interaction Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Current Velocity; Current Reference Elevation; Angle Between Waves/Currents; Wave Height; Wave Period; Wave-optical Velocity Amplitude; Angular Wave Frequency; etc..." Wave-Current Interaction Calculator OUTPUT values include: "...Current Friction Velocity; Wave Friction Velocity; Combined Friction Velocity; Apparent Roughness; etc.." COASTAL MODELING SYSTEMS CHL's COASTAL MODELING SYSTEMS, IMAGING SYSTEMS, ETC. - Coastal & Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Multimedia Coastal Modeling Systems, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of the CHL's Coastal Modeling Systems, etc. include "...Coastal Lidar and Radar Imaging System; Coastal Model Test Bed (CMTB); Coastal Modeling System; Coastal Storm Modeling System; Coastal Storm Modeling System Features; Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar; etc..." For more information see CHL Products and Services; Coastal & Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL); ERDC Locations or the Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC) DREDGING COURSES, TEXTBOOKS, LECTURES, CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ETC. Dredging Calculators & Applets DREDGING CALCULATORS - Director: Sape A. Miedema, Dredging Engineering Research Laboratory (DERL), Dredging Engineering, Offshore and Dredging Engineering, Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Faculty Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Multimedia The Slurry Transport: Historical Overview & DHLLDV Book (Text & Images) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Click on Calculators. Examples of Dredging Calculators include "...The Moody Diagram for River Flow Calculator; The Moody Diagram for Pipe Flow Calculator; Terminal Settling Velocity Calculator; Turbulence Settling Efficiency Calculator; etc..." For more information see S.A. Miedema's Faculty Home Page; Dredging Engineering; Department of Maritime and Transport Technology or the Faculty Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering DREDGE AND FILL FEE CALCULATOR - State Water Resources Control Board Programs, California Environmental Protection Agency Click on "Dredge and Fill Fee Calculator". Dredge and Fill Fee Calculator "...This fee schedule is based on California Code of Regulations, Title 23, section 2200(a)(3). TO CALCULATE FEE: Enter the "Discharge Size" in Section A or, if the project qualifies, check the check-box in Section B according to the applicable Flat Fee category..." For more information see Water Quality Certification (CWA 401): Dredge/Fill (401) and Wetlands Program; State Water Resources Control Board Programs; Water Issues or the State Water Resources Control Board

WAVE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS OCEAN WAVE THEORY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS AN OCEAN WAVE PARAMETER CALCULATOR - R. Chapman, Ocean Remote Sensing Group, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Ocean Wave Parameter Calculator "...will allow you to compute any wave parameter (other than amplitude) from any other..." Ocean Wave Parameter Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Depth; Frequency; Radian Frequency; Wavelength; Wavenumber; Phase speed; Group speed..." For more information see Ocean Remote Sensing Group STOKES WAVE (NONLINEAR) APPLET - S.A. Kinnas, M.H. Kim, J. Zhang, H. Hart, & J.M. Roesset, Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC), Texas A&M University and the University of Texas at Austin VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Ocean Wave Mechanics: Nonliear Wave theory; Courses; Spyros A. Kinnas' Home Page Jun Zhang's Home Page or the Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC) Examples of other Wave Calculators include Nonlinear Wave Kinematics Calculator Long Wave/Short Wave Interaction Calculator

Plate Tectonics PLATE TECTONICS DATABASES, MODELS, ETC. GPLATES WEB PORTAL - EarthByte, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Multimedia GPlates Web Portal (Text, Images & 3D Visualisations). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. GPlates "...enables the interactive manipulation of plate-tectonic reconstructions and the visualization of geodata through geological time, and it facilitates interoperability of plate tectonic data and models with geodynamic computing services for applied and fundamental research purposes..." For more information see Cesium: 3D Visualisation; EarthByte; School of Geosciences or the University of Sydney WORLD STRESS MAP PROJECT - Project Director: F. Wenzel, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Geophysical Institute, University Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Multimedia Tectonic Stress Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENISVE. World Stress Map (WSM) "is the global repository for contemporary tectonic stress data from the Earth's crust..." World Stress Map's main operational areas for stress in application are Basin Modelling; Tectonic Modelling; Reservoir Management; Stability of Mines, Tunnels and Boreholes, Fault Slip Tendency & Seismic Risk Assessment..." For more information see the Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften (Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities) or the Geophysikalisches Institut (Institute of Geophysics) PLATE TECTONICS COURSES, LECTURES, ETC. TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY - K. Whipple & J.R. Arrowsmith, Earth Surface Processes & Continental Tectonics and Structural Geology, Earth Systems Sciences, School of Earth and Space Exploration, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University Multimedia Tectonic Geomorphology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Tectonic Geomorphology" Course Lectures include "...Isostasy and Climate-Tectonic Interactions; Large scale Climate-Tectonic Interactions; Climate-Tectonic Interactions - Bedrock Channels; General commentary, Earthquake displacement fields, and Introduction to the San Andreas Fault; Dip-slip Dislocations; Earthquake Surface Ruptures; Earthquake Moment and Intensity; etc..." For more information see Tectonic Geomorphology Home Page (GLG490/598); J. Ramón Arrowsmith's Home Page or the School of Earth and Space Exploration PLATE TECTONICS MOTION MOVIES, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PLATE TECTONICS ANIMATIONS (QUICKTIME) - Geology, UCB Museum of Paleontology Multimedia Plate Tectonics Animations (Text & Images). Plate Tectonics Animations "...This exhibit explains the history of our new understanding of the Earth and provides a brief overview of the theories behind it..." For more information see the Geology or the UCB Museum of Paleontology INTERACTIVE CONTINENTAL DRIFT, PLATE MOTION, ETC. APPLETS - P. Meijer, Faculty of Geoscience, Universiteit Utrecht (Utrecht University), The Netherlands VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Paul Meijer's Home Page or the Faculty of Geoscience Some examples from over "7" Tectonics Calculators & Applets include Continental Drift: Cartesian Projection Applet Instantaneous Plate Motion Applet PLATE MOTION CALCULATORS & APPLETS PLATE MOTION CALCULATOR - K. Okino, Department of Ocean Floor Geosciences, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Plate Motion Calculator "...calculates the relative and absolute plate motion direction and speed at any point on the earth..." Plate Motion Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Plate Model (NUVEL-1, NUVEL-1A, NNR-NUVEL-1, NNR-NUVEL-1A or HS3-NUVEL-1A); Moving Plate (Africa, Antarctica, Arabia, Eurasia, etc.); Fixed Plate (Pacific, Caribbean, Juan de Fuca, etc.); Latitude & Longitude..." For more information see Kyoko Okino's Home Page; Department of Ocean Floor Geosciences or the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute PLATE MOTION CALCULATOR - R.G. Gordon, Global Tectonics Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Rice University VERY EXTENSIVE. Plate Motion Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Plate: Arabia, Eurasia, North America, Pacific, etc.; Latitude & Longitude..." Plate Motion Calculator OUTPUT Values include: "...Plate Angular Velocity Components (Pole Latitude; Pole Longitude; Omega); Speed and Direction for Input Location..." For more information see the Global Tectonics Group; Richard G. Gordon's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences NUVEL1A-NNR PLATE MOTION CALCULATOR - UNAVCO, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Plate Motion Calculator "...is designed for the calculation of the NUVEL1A-NNR plate motion at any location on the earth..." For more information see the Geodetic Utilities; Software or UNAVCO, Inc. PLATE MOTION CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - Faculty of Geoscience, Universiteit Utrecht (Utrecht University), The Netherlands VERY EXTENSIVE. Plate Motion Calculator Computes "...relative velocity at any point on Earth, based on your own pole or NUVEL1A..." For more information see Links; Tectonophysics (Lithospheric Geodynamics) or the Faculty of Geoscience HOTSPOT ROTATION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS HOTSPOT ROTATION CALCULATOR - R.G. Gordon, Global Tectonics Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Rice University VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Global Tectonics Group; Richard G. Gordon's Home Page or the Department of Earth Sciences PLATE VELOCITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS RIDGE SPREADING RATE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS PLATE VELOCITY CALCULATOR - W. Menke, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, and the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University Plate Velocity Calculator "...Use NUVEL-1 Plate Velocity Parameters to calculate spreading rates for the world's major ridges..." Plate Velocity Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Plate (Indian, Nazca, South American, Cocos, etc.); Latitude; Longitude..." For more information see William Menke's Home Page; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences or the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Other Calculators include Ridge Spreading Rate Calculator Ridge Spreading Rate Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Latitude & Longitude..." Expression Calculator

Seismology

Current Seismology Activity Seismology Dictionaries & Glossaries Seismology Databases ~ Seismology Seminars Seismology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. South Napa Earthquake - Fault Afterslip Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES Explorer Program) Seismology Networks, Seismology Instruments & Earthquake Early Warning Systems Seismology Calculators & Simulations Electric Sounding - Response of a Subsurface Mode Reftek Das Memory Usage Seismographs ~ Seismometers & Seismometer Calibration

Seismology CURRENT SEISMOLOGY ACTIVITY CURRENT GLOBAL EARTHQUAKES - Swiss Seismological Service Multimedia Earthaquake Activity Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Swiss Seismological Service IRIS SEISMIC MONITOR - Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Multimedia Earthaquake Activity Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Earthquakes or the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology SEISMOLOGY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES EARTHQUAKE GLOSSARY - SEISMOLOGY GLOSSARY - Earthquake Hazards Program, USGS Multimedia Seismology Glossary - Earthquake Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Earthquake Hazards Program SEISMOLOGY DATABASES Earthscope Visualization EARTHSCOPE VOYAGER, JR. - UNAVCO & EarthScope VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Jules Map Server EARTHSCOPE - EarthScope.org VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Tectonic Strain, Crustal Dynamics, Lithospheric Strain, etc. Databases CDDIS DATASETS - Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS), Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Multimedia Crustal Dynamics Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS) Examples of "CDDIS" Databases include GNSS (GPS & GLONASS) Data GNSS (GPS & GLONASS) "...GPS constellation includes 24 satellites..." "...GNSS receivers detect, decode, and process signals from the GNSS satellites (e.g., currently GPS and GLONASS and, in the future, Galileo)..." "...Global IGS network consists of several hundred permanent GNSS (GPS and GPS+GLONASS) receivers..." Examples of "GNSS (GPS & GLONASS) Data" include "Daily 30-second data files; Hourly 30-second data files; etc..." SLR Data SLR Network "...consists of over forty systems; "...SLR targets are satellites equipped with corner cubes or retroreflectors. Currently, the global SLR network tracks over forty such satellites..." DORRIS Data DORRIS "...is a dual-frequency Doppler system that has been included as a host experiment on various space missions..." DORRIS Data "...DORIS data from TOPEX/Poseidon, Envisat, Jason, and the SPOT satellites are available electronically from the CDDIS and are stored in ten-day increments or cycle..." CRUSTAL DEFORMATION DATA - Earthquake Hazards Program, USGS Multimedia Crustal Deformation Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Crustal Deformation Data "...Click on a highlighted region on the map above to access instrument locations and near real-time data plots of the fault displacements and strain changes..." For more information see Monitoring or the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program PLATE BOUNDARY OBSERVATORY (PBO) - UNAVCO Multimedia Observations, Instrumentation, Databases, Publications, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) "...designed to study the 3D strain field across the active boundary zone between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates in the western United States. Data from PBO's integrated network of GPS stations, strainmeters and seismometers, coupled with aerial and satellite imagery, are providing important temporal constraints on..." For more information see UNAVCO WORLD STRESS MAP PROJECT - Project Director: F. Wenzel, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Geophysical Institute, University Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Multimedia Tectonic Stress Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENISVE. World Stress Map (WSM) "is the global repository for contemporary tectonic stress data from the Earth's crust..." World Stress Map's main operational areas for stress in application are Basin Modelling; Tectonic Modelling; Reservoir Management; Stability of Mines, Tunnels and Boreholes, Fault Slip Tendency & Seismic Risk Assessment..." For more information see the Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften (Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities) or the Geophysikalisches Institut (Institute of Geophysics) USGS Earthquake Databases EARTHQUAKE DATABASES - National Earthquake Information Center, USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP), USGS Multimedia Earthquake Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Earthquake Intensity, Strong Motion, etc. Databases EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY DATABASD - 1638 TO 1985 - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA, Department of Commerce Multimedia Earthquake Intensity Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Earthquake Databases; NGDC Natural Hazards Data or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) SIGNIFICANT EARTHQUAKE DATABASE - 2150 B.C. TO THE PRESENT - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Multimedia Earthquake Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Significant Earthquake Database "...Contains information on destructive earthquakes from 2150 B.C. to the present that meet at least one of the following criteria: Moderate damage (approximately $1 million or more), 10 or more deaths, Magnitude 7.5 or greater, Modified Mercalli Intensity X or greater, or the earthquake generated a tsunami..." For more information see Earthquake Databases; NGDC Natural Hazards Data or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) STRONG MOTION DATABASE - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Multimedia Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Earthquake Databases; NGDC Natural Hazards Data or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Earthquake Engineering Databases NATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICE FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING (NISEE) - NISEE, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Earthquake Databases, Lessons, Technical Reports (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering (NISEE) includes "...Earthquake Engineering Abstracts; University Engineering Reports; NISEE eBooks; Structural Engineering Slide Library; Kozak Historical Image Collection; EQIIS Image Database; Strong Ground-Motion Database, etc..." SEISMOLOGY SEMINARS USGS EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS TEAM SEMINAR SERIES - Menlo Park Science Center, USGS Multimedia Earthquake Seminars (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Earthquake Hazards Program SEISMOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. Undergraduate Seismology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKES: EAS193 - C.J. Ammon, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University Multimedia Introduction to Earthquakes Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to Earthquakes" Course Chapters include "...Earth's Origin and Composition; Waves, Seismograms, and Seismometers; Seismc Waves and Earth's Interior; Plate Tectonics; Faults and Faulting; Earthquake Effects, Shaking; etc..." For more information see Introduction to Earthquakes Home Page; Charles J. Ammon's Home Page or the Department of Geosciences EARTHQUAKES & TECTONICS (EPS 324) - S.Stein & J.E. DeLaughter, Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University Multimedia Earthquakes & Tectonics Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Earthquakes & Tectonics" Course Lectures include "...Seismometers; Travel Times in a Spherical Earth; Amplitudes of Seismic Waves; Focal Mechanisms; Waveform Modeling; Moment Tensors; Earthquake Geodesy; Relative Plate Motions; Spreading Centers; Subduction Zones; Continental Intraplate Earthquakes; etc..." For more information see Seth Stein's Home Page or the Department of Geological Sciences Graduate Seismology Courses, Lectures, Textbooks, etc. INTRODUCTION TO SEISMOLOGY - R. Van Der Hilst, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Introduction to Seismology Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Introduction to Seismology" Course Lectures include "...Stress and strain; Travel time curves; Travel time tomography; Critical and post-critical reflection; Normal modes; Focal mechanics; etc..." For more information see Introduction to Seismology Home Page; Robert Van Der Hilst's Home Page or the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Online Courses or the MIT OpenCourseWare SOUTH NAPA EARTHQUAKE - FAULT AFTERSLIP KEY RECOVERY FACTORS FOR THE [8/24/2014], SOUTH NAPA EARTHQUAKE - Authors: Kenneth W. Hudnut, et.al.; Report from USGS to FEMA for Interagency Agreement HSFE09-15-X-0805 (DR-4193); Open-File Report 2014–1249; ; Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2014, First Release: December 2014 Multimedia Key Recovery Factors for the [8/24/2014], South Napa Earthquake Publication - PDF, 51 Pages (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "Key Recovery Factors for the [8/24/2014], South Napa Earthquake" "...This report provides fault afterslip, shaking and damage in the City of Napa downtown area, and fault hazards of the West Napa Fault System, as well as associated geospatial information and imagery. Initially, the fault afterslip was rapid and extended into at least the southern part of the Browns Valley neighborhood. USGS forecasts the afterslip for homes potentially impacted by future afterslip..." For more information see Kenneth W. Hudnut's Home Page or the USGS Pasadena Field Office, Pasadena California Also see Fault Afterslip Forecast for the 24 August 2014 South Napa Earthquake (6.0) - Author: Kenneth W. Hudnut (USGS), Report given at the American Geophysical Union (AGU), Fall Meeting, San Francisco, California, 12/16/2014 ELASTIC WAVE EXPLORATION SEISMOLOGY - CREWES EXPLORER PROGRAM CREWES EXPLORER PROGRAM (JAVA APPLETS) - Consortium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES), Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology Tools include "...acquisition, analysis and interpretation of multicomponent seismic data..." For more information see Consortium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES) or the Department of Geoscience Some examples from over "10" Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology Calculators & Applets include CREWES Zoeppritz Explorer 2.2 CREWES Zoeppritz Explorer 2.2 is "...a useful web-based applet that enables the user to visually 'explore' Zoeppritz equation solutions with various parameter inputs..." CREWES Reflectivity Explorer 2.1 CREWES Reflectivity Explorer 2.1 "...enables the user to view large number of AVO-related approximations to the P-P reflection co-efficient for any combination of earth properties..." CREWES Fluid Properties Explorer Calculator CREWES Fluid Properties Explorer Calculator is "...produces information on pore fluids of interest in petroleum exploration...." SEISMOLOGY NETWORKS, SEISMOLOGY INSTRUMENTATION & EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS Seismology Networks PLATE BOUNDARY OBSERVATORY (PBO) - UNAVCO Multimedia Observations, Instrumentation, Databases, Publications, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) "...designed to study the 3D strain field across the active boundary zone between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates in the western United States. Data from PBO's integrated network of GPS stations, strainmeters and seismometers, coupled with aerial and satellite imagery, are providing important temporal constraints on..." For more information see UNAVCO SAN ANDREAS FAULT OBSERVATORY AT DEPTH - Northern California Earthquake Data Center Multimedia Observations, Instrumentation, Databases, Publications, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) "...a deep borehole observatory that will directly measure the physical conditions under which plate boundary earthquakes occur...." For more information see Northern California Earthquake Data Center USARRAY: A CONTINENTAL-SCALE SEISMIC OBSERVATORY - USArray, EarthScope Multimedia Observations, Instrumentation, Databases, Publications, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. USArray consists of Transportable Array "...a network of 400 high-quality broadband seismographs..." "...each of the Transportable Array stations consists of a three-component broadband seismometer with associated signal processing, power, and communications equipment..." Flexible Array Flexible Array "...has available to the research community ~2146 instruments (326 broadband, 120 short period, and 1700 active source) that can be deployed using flexible source-receiver geometries..." USArray Reference Network Stations Magnetotelluric Array Magnetotelluric Array "...consists of both permanent and portable elements that measure naturally occurring electric and magnetic fields..." Seismology Instruments & Earthquake Early Warning Systems EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING - Project Partners: United States Geological Survey; California Institute of Technology; University of California Berkeley; University of Washington; Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich & the Southern California Earthquake Center; Funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the USGS Multimedia Earthquake Early Warning System (Text & Images). Earthquake Early Warning "...The objective of earthquake early warning is to rapidly detect the initiation of an earthquake, estimate the level of ground shaking to be expected, and issue a warning before significant ground shaking starts..." EARTHQUAKES AND TECTONIC PLATE MOTIONS - Roger Bilham, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Univeristy of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado Multimedia Earthquakes and Tectonic Plate Motions Databas, Technical Reports, Publications, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) or the Department of Geological Sciences Examples of Measurement Instruments include Creepmeters Creepmeter "...an instrument that monitors the slow surface displacement of an active fault. Its function is not to measure fault slip during earthquakes, but to record the slow aseismic slip between earthquakes..." Tiltmeters Tiltmeters "...measures rotation of the earth's surface relative to a horizontal datum defined by gravity..." Tunnel Tiltmeters (Long Baseline Tiltmeters) Tilt-meter Operation "...A water-pipe tilt-meter consists of two sensors, one at each end of a sealed rigid pipe half-full of water. Under isothermal conditions the water surface is an equipotential reference, and tilt of the ground causes one end to fall and the other to rise an equal amount..." Float Sensors used in long-baseline water-pipe tiltmeters IRIS EARTHQUAKE INSTRUMENTS - Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Multimedia IRIS Seismology Instruments (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see PASSCAL Instrument Center or the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Instrumentation includes PASSCAL Instrumentation Examples of "PASSCAL Instrumentation" include "...Broadband Sensors; Short Period Sensors; High Frequency Sensors; High Resolution Data Acquisition Systems..." GSN Instrumentation GSN Instrumentation includes "...Primary Broadband Sensors; Secondary Broadband Sensors; Strong Motion Sensors; Short Period Sensors; Microbarometers; Data Acquisition Systems..." OCEAN BOTTOM SEISMOGRAPH INSTRUMENTS - US National Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instrument Pool (OBSIP), Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Multimedia Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instruments (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instrument Pool (OBSIP); Ocean Bottom Seismology or Research Groups or the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) Short Period "Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instruments" include WHOI Active-Source/Rapid Response OBH/S SIO L-CHEAPO Active-Source/Rapid Response OBH/S Examples of Long Period "Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instruments" include SIO Long-Deployment Wideband OBS WHOI Long-Deployment Broadband OBH/S SEISMOLOGY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SEISMIC CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS EARTHQUAKE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS Electric Sounding - Response of a Subsurface Model ELECTRIC SOUNDING APPLET - P. Alberts, Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. Electric Sounding Calculator "...calculates the response of a subsurface model, interactively adjustable to fit the response to field observations..." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal Reftek Das Memory Usage REFTEK DAS MEMORY USAGE CALCULATOR - Portable Broadband Instrument Center (PBIC) (established by the Southern California Earthquake Center), and managed by the Institute for Crustal Studies (ICS), University of California Santa Barbara VERY EXTENSIVE. Reftek Das Memory Usage Calculator is for use with "...recorders maintained by the PBIC are Refraction Technology (Reftek) 16 and 24 bitdata loggers. Sensors consist of high output velocity transducers to record very small ground motion and force balance accelerometers designed to stay on-scale (up to +-2G) for the strong ground motion expected from very large earthquakes..." For more information see Lab: Experiment Related Items; Portable Broadband Instrument Center (PBIC) or the Institute for Crustal Studies (ICS) Seismographs MAKE YOUR OWN SEISMOGRAPH! - Nothern California Earthquake Data Center & the & UC Berkeley Seismographic Station VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Seismograph Calculator "...Using this form, you may create a seismogram for the station and channel of your choice..." For more information see Nothern California Earthquake Data Center or the UC Berkeley Seismographic Station Seismometers & Seismometer Calibration LONG PERIOD VERTICAL SEISMOMETER (JAVA APPLET) - P. Alberts, Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. Long Period Vertical Seismometer Calculator "...simulates an astatic vertical-seismometer/gravitymeter with Lacoste suspension (zero-length spring on the hypotenuse of a right triangle)." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal SEISMOMETER (JAVA APPLET) - Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. Seismometer Calculator "...simulates a seismometer's reaction on an adjustable ground movement w(t). The displacement x(t) of the mass relative to the chassis is calculated recursively..." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal SEISMOMETER CALIBRATION (JAVA APPLET) - Geophysics Clausthal, Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Available in English & German/Deutsch. Seismometer Calibration Calculator "...simulates a field test of a seismometer Geotech Model S-13, to determine: (1) the natural frequency and damping, the two parameters,..." For more information see Java Applets or the Institut für Geophysik, TU Clausthal

Tephrochronology Tephrochronology Databases TEPHRABASE: A TEPHROCHRONOLOGY DATABASE - Hosted by the School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, UK Multimedia Tephrochronology Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Tephrabase "...is a database of tephra layers found in Iceland, north-west and northern Europe, Russia and central Mexico. Details on the location, name, age and geochemistry of tephra layers are stored in the database, as well as information about relevant volcanoes and volcanic systems. A comprehensive reference database is also included..."

Tsunami

Current Tsunami Activity Tsunami Dictionaries & Glossaries ~ Tsunami Databases Tsunami Courses, Lectures, Movies, Animations & Modeling Tsunami Calculators & Simulations

Tsunami CURRENT TSUNAMI ACTIVITY Real-Time Buoy Data BUOY DATA IN REAL-TIME - COASTAL U.S., NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC, COASTAL CANADA, CARIBBEAN, COASTAL EUROPE, ETC. - National Data Buoy Center, National Weather Service, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Buoy Data Database includes Current Conditions & Previous Observations for: "...Wind Direction (WDIR); Wind Speed (WSPD); Wind Gust (GST); Wave Height (WVHT); Dominant Wave Period (DPD); Average Period Average Period (APD); Atmospheric Pressure (PRES); Pressure Tendency (PTDY); Air Temperature (ATMP); Water Temperature (WTMP); Wind Chill (CHILL)..." For more information see the National Weather Service DEEP OCEAN ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING OF TSUNAMIS (DART) - REAL-TIME DATA BUOY DATA FOR ALASKA, WESTERN CANADA, U.S. WEST COAST, HAWAII, NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC, U.S. EAST COAST, & CARIBBEAN - National Data Buoy Center, National Weather Service, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) Project is an ongoing effort to maintain and improve the capability for the early detection and real-time reporting of tsunamis in the open ocean..." For more information see National Data Buoy Center or the National Weather Service REAL TIME HAWAII BUOY DATA - National Data Buoy Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the National Data Buoy Center Tsunami Warning Bulletins & Messages PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER: INCLUDES PACIFIC OCEAN, HAWAII & CARIBBEAN SEA - Pacific Tsunami Waring System, Pacific Region Headquarters, National Weather Service, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Pacific Tsunami Waring System Database includes: "...Most Recent Event Message; Location Map; Tsunami Zone; etc., for the Pacific Ocean, Hawaii & Caribbean Sea.." For more information see the Pacific Region Headquarters, Hawaii or the National Weather Service WEST COAST AND ALASKA TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER - West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, National Weather Service, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center or the National Weather Service JOINT AUSTRALIAN TSUNAMI WARNING CENTRE - Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) & Geoscience Australia, Commonwealth of Australia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) or Geoscience Australia JAPAN CURRENT TSUNAMI WARNING BULLETINS - Japan Meteorological Agency VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Available in Japanese & English. For more information see the Japan Meteorological Agency INDONESIA TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (INATEWS) - Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG), Indonesia VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) INDIAN TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (ITEWC) - Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services TSUNAMI DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES TSUNAMI TERMINOLOGY - Tsunami, NOAA Multimedia Tsunami Glossary (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Tsunami Basics or the Tsunami, NOAA TSUNAMI DATABASES TSUNAMI EVENT DATABASE - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Multimedia Tsunami Event Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Tsunami Event Database "...The event database contains information on the tsunami such as the cause of the tsunami, the source location, the magnitude and intensity of the tsunami, etc..." For more information see NGDC Tsunami Databases; Tsunami Data at NGDC; Natural Hazards Data or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) HISTORICAL TSUNAMI DATABASE - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Multimedia Historical Tsunami Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Historical Tsunami Database "...provides information on tsunami source events and locations where effects from tsunamis were observed. It includes events from 2000 B.C. to the present in the the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; and the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas..." For more information see Tsunami Data at NGDC; NGDC Natural Hazards Data or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) TSUNAMI DATABASES - Tsunami Laboratory, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics (Computing Center), Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Multimedia Tsunami Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Tsunami Database includes "...On-line Pacific Tsunami Catalog, 47B.C. to present; On-line Atlantic Tsunami Catalog, 60B.C. to present; On-line Mediterranean Tsunami Catalog, 1628B.C. to present; etc..." For more information see On-Line Catalogs or the Tsunami Laboratory TSUNAMI COURSES, LECTURES, MOVIES, ANIMATIONS, MODELING Tsunami Lectures & Simulations with Text, Images & Videos/Movies TSUNAMI LECTURES (QUICKTIME) - Steven N. Ward, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz Multimedia Tsunami Lectures (Text, Images, Simulations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Includes over "15" Tsunami Lectures & over "45" Tsunami Simulation Videos/Movies including: "...Impact Tsunami Simulation Movies; Landslide Tsunami Simulation Movies; Volcano Tsunami Simulation Movies; Earthquake Tsunami Simulation Movies; etc..." For more information see the Department of Earth Sciences Some examples of Tsunami Simulations include Japan Tsunami - 3/11/2011 Japan Tsunami - 3/11/2011 - Waves Very Close In Landslide Tsunami Simulation Movies Alika-2 Tsunami Simulation - Hawaii Monterey Canyon Landslide Tsunami Simulation Earthquake Tsunami Simulation Movies EQ Tsunami Simulation: Monterey Bay California Cascadia EQ Tsunami Simulation 2004 Sumatra Tsunami Simulation (Peak Amplitudes) TSUNAMI ANIMATIONS (QUICKTIME) - Tsunami Research Center, Department of Civil & Enviromental Engineering, University of Southern California (USC) Multimedia Tsunami Animations (Text, Images, Simulations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Tsunami Animations Subject Categories include: "...California Tsunami Models and Animations; Visualizations of the Okushiri Tsunam; Field Surveys; etc..." For more information see USC Department of Tsunami Research Center; Tsunami Research Center or the Department of Civil & Enviromental Engineering Some examples of Tsunami Simulations include California Tsunami Models and Animations California Tsunami Models and Animations includes "...Hypothetical Landslide Santa Cruz Basin; Hypothetical Southern California Seismic Source; Underwater landslide source, Santa Monica Bay; etc..." TSUNAMI LESSONS, RESEARCH STUDIES & ANIMATIONS - USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology, USGS Multimedia Tsunami Lessons, Research Studies & Animations (Text, Images & Videos/Movies) VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Tsunami Lessons & Research Studies" include "...Life of a Tsunami; Preliminary Analysis of the April 2007 Solomon Islands Tsunami; Descriptive Model of the 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami; etc..." Examples of "Tsunami Animations" include "...Animation of the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean Local Tsunami; Panoramas of Damage in Sri Lanka after the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami; 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami: Earthquake Source; Animation of the Tsunami from the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake; etc..." For more information see Topics or USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology Japan Tsunami Japan Tsunami - 3/2011 TSUNAMI MODELING USING THE MOST MODEL (QUICKTIME) - National Center of Tsunami Research, NOAA Multimedia Tsunami Simulations (Text, Images, Simulations & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. MOST Model "...The MOST (Method of Splitting Tsunami) model, developed by Titov of PMEL and Synolakis of University of Southern California, is the standard model used at the NCTR. MOST is a suite of numerical simulation codes capable of simulating three processes of tsunami evolution: earthquake, transoceanic propagation, and inundation of dry land..." For more information see Modeling and Forecasting or the National Center of Tsunami Research Correct Education of Coastal Communities - Tsunami Preparedness CAN SMALL ISLANDS PROTECT NEARBY COASTS FROM TSUNAMIS? AN ACTIVE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APPROACH Authors: T.S. Stefanakis, E. Contal, N. Vayatis, F. Dias & C.E. Synolakis; Fluid Dynamics section, Physics, arVix.org e-Print archive, Submitted 5/31/2013, Cornell University Library Multimedia Can Small Islands Protect Nearby Coasts From Tsunamis? An Active Experimental Design Approach - PDF, 22 Pages (Text & Images). For more information see Costas E. Synolakis Faculty Home Page; USC Tsunami Research Center or the arVix.org TSUNAMI CALCULATORS & SIMULATIONS TSUNAMI SIMULATOR (JAVA APPLETS) - W. Bauer, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University Tsunami Simulation "...The point where you click above the sea level decides how high the initial pulse is. After that, watch how the tsunami hits the coast..." For more information see the Physics Applet Collection; Fun; Wolfgang Bauer's Home Pages or the Department of Physics and Astronomy Volcanology Current Volcano Activity Volcanology Databases Volcanology Dictionaries & Glossaries Volcanology Undergraduate & Graduate Courses, Lectures, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound) The Yellowstone Magmatic System - Yellowstone Supervolcano Volcanology CURRENT VOLCANO ACTIVITY U.S. VOLCANO ALERTS - USGS Multimedia U.S. Volcano Alerts (Text & Images). USGS WEEKLY VOLCANIC ACTIVITY REPORT - Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution & the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program Multimedia USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Global Volcanism Program WASHINGTON VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY CENTER (VAAC) - Office of Satellite and Products Operations (OSPO), National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS), NOAA Multimedia Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) (Text, Images & Videos/Movies) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Also includes Links to other "Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers". For more information see Volcanic Ash; Products or the Office of Satellite and Products Operations (OSPO) VOLCANO WATCH - Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC), University of Wisconsin Multimedia Current Volcano Activity (Text, Images & Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. SUBMARINE VOLCANISM - Earth-Ocean Interactions Program, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA Multimedia Submarine Volcanism Lessons, Technical Reports, etc. (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Submarine Volcanism" includes "...NeMO: on-going research at a seafloor observatory at Axial Volcano; NeMO Dive!: simulated dive to the seafloor with a remotely operated vehicle; NeMO Explorer: virtual seafloor landscapes, fly-thru movies, panoramas; etc..." For more information see Earth-Ocean Interactions Program; PMEL Research or the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory VOLCANOLOGY DATABASES VALCANOES OF THE WORLD - Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution & the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program Multimedia Volcano Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Global Volcanism Program VOLCANO DATABASE - NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Multimedia Volcano Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Volcano Database "...is a global listing of over 1500 volcanoes which includes information on the latitude, longitude, elevation, type of volcano, and last known eruption..." For more information see Valcano Data at NGDC; Natural Hazards or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA VOLCANOES - Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Volcano Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Cascades Volcano Observatory THE GLOBAL VOLCANIC EARTHQUAKE SWARM DATABASE - J. Benoit & S. McNutt, Alaska Volcano Observatory, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks Multimedia Volcanic Earthquake Swarm Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Global Volcanic Earthquake Swarm Database (GVESD) "...For the purpose of this report, a swarm is defined as many earthquakes of the same size occurring in a small volume...." For more information see the Alaska Volcano Observatory; Seismology or the Geophysical Institute VOLCANOLOGY DICTIONARIES & GLOSSARIES VOLCANOES: PHOTOGLOSSARY OF VOLCANIC TERMS - U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Volcano Dictionary & Lessons (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Volcanoes VOLCANOLOGY COURSES, LECTURES, TEXTBOOKS, ETC. Undergraduate Volcanology Courses, Lectures, etc. HOW VOLCANOES WORK - V.E. Camp, Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University Multimedia Introduction to Volcanoes Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. How Volcanoes Work "...an educational resource that describes the science behind volcanoes and volcanic processes..." Examples of "Introduction to Volcanoes" Course Sections & Lectures include Volcanic Landforms "...Volcano Types; Shield Volcanoes; Stratovolcanoes; Lava Domes; etc..." Eruption Products "...Lava Flow Types; Tephra; Pyroclastic Flows; Volcanic Gases; etc..." Eruption Types "...Fissure; Hawaiian; Strombolian; Vulcanian; etc..." For more information see Victor E. Camp's Home Page; Victor E. Camp's Faculty Home Page or the Department of Geological Sciences MONITORING VOLCANOES - Volcaon Hazards Program, USGS Multimedia Introduction to Instruments used in Monitoring Volcanoes (Text & Images). VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Volcaon Hazards Program VOLCANO PHOTO ARCHIVE: ALASKA - Alaska Volcano Observatory, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks Multimedia Volcano Photo Archive (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see Alaska Volcano Observatory WHY DOES A VOLCANO SCREAM? - Author: Alicia Hotovec-Ellis, Department of Earth & Space Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington; Hosted by the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) Multimedia Why does a volcano scream? (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). Why does a volcano scream? "...Harmonic tremor is a kind of continuous seismic signal commonly observed on erupting volcanoes that resembles sounds made by many musical instruments, although at lower than audible frequencies of between 1 and 5 Hz..." For more information see Seismo Blog or the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) Graduate Volcanology Courses, Lectures, etc. ASHFALL - W.I. Rose, Volcanology Graduate Programs at Michigan Tech, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, College of Engineering, Michigan Technological University Multimedia ASHFALL Course, Numerical Models & Cases Studies (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. ASHFALL "...a graduate course in volcanology, with substantial meteorological content..." Examples from over "20" "ASHFALL" Course Video Lectures include "...Origin of Ash Explosive Vesiculation Video Lecture; Phreatic and Phreatomagmatic Fragmentation Video Lecture; Size of Volcanic Ash Video Lecture; Particle Fall through the Atmosphere Video Lecture; Volcanological Meteorology Video Lecture; Thunderstorms and Volcanic Clouds Video Lecture; Direct Sampling of Volcanic Clouds Video Lecture; Detecting Volcanic Ash from Space Video Lecture; SO2 Remote Sensing Video Lecture; Bonadonna Tephra Deposits Characteristics Video Lecture; Chaiten Eruption Observations Video Lecture; etc..." For more information see William Rose's Home Page; William Rose's Faculty Home Page; Volcanology Graduate Programs at Michigan Tech or the Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences DEEP SUBMARINE ERUPTIONS - K.H. Rubin, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, and the Hawaii Center for Volcanology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii Multimedia Deep Submarine Eruptions Graduate Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Deep Submarine Eruptions "...A course that explores various aspects of volcanic activity in the deep ocean and its effect on the surrounding environment..." Examples of "Deep Submarine Eruptions" Course Lectures include "...Ocean Ridge Volcanism; Introduction to Hydrothermal Activity and Event Plumes ((a.k.a. Megaplumes) from Submarine Eruptions; Submarine Pyroclastic Activity; Seafloor Eruption and Hydrothermal Fluid Chemistry; Submarine Lava Morphology; Hawaiian Submarine Volcanism; etc..." For more information see Teaching; Kenneth H Rubin's Home Page; Department of Geology and Geophysics or the Hawaii Center for Volcanology LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES OF THE MONTH - International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) Multimedia Large Igneous Provinces of the Month (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Large Igneous Provinces or the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) MANTLE PLUMES - HOTSPOT VOLCANISM - Mantleplumes.org Multimedia Mantle Plumes (Hotspot Volcanism) Lectures, Lessons, Technical Reports, Publications, etc. (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of "Mantle Plumes" Subject Categories & Subcategories include Mantle heterogeneity; Transition zone "...Mantle warming; Plumes..." LIP classification Osmium & tungsten; Lower crust recycling; etc..." Volcanic margins "...Silicic LIPs; Metasomatic OIB; Komatiites; etc..." Thermal "...Mantle temperature under LIPs; Hotspot table; Radiating volcanic migrations; etc..." Giant dikes; Seismology; Noble gases; etc. THE YELLOWSTONE MAGMATIC SYSTEM - YELLOWSTONE SUPERVOLCANO THE YELLOWSTONE MAGMATIC SYSTEM FROM THE MANTLE PLUME TO THE UPPER CRUST - Authors: Hsin-Hua Huang, Fan-Chi Lin, Brandon Schmandt, Jamie Farrell, Robert B. Smith, Victor C. Tsai; Science DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa5648; Publisher: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Published Online: 4/23/2015 Multimedia The Yellowstone magmatic system from the mantle plume to the upper crust Technical Paper (Text & Images). "...The Yellowstone supervolcano is one of the largest active continental silicic volcanic fields in the world. An understanding of its properties is key to enhancing our knowledge of volcanic mechanisms and corresponding risk. Using a joint local and teleseismic earthquake P-wave seismic inversion, we unveil a basaltic lower-crustal magma body that provides a magmatic link between the Yellowstone mantle plume and the previously imaged upper-crustal magma reservoir..." For more information see Fan-Chi Lin's Home Page; Hsin-Hua Huang's Home Page; Brandon Schmandt's Home Page; Victor Tsai's Home Page; Jamie Farrell's Home Page; Seismology Lab, Caltech; Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Univervsity of New Mexico or the Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Utah Also see Scientists see deeper Yellowstone magma (4/23/2015) - University of Utah News Center "...University of Utah seismologists discovered and made images of a reservoir of hot, partly molten rock 12 to 28 miles beneath the Yellowstone supervolcano, and it is 4.4 times larger than the shallower, long-known magma chamber..." "...The hot rock in the newly discovered, deeper magma reservoir would fill the 1,000-cubic-mile Grand Canyon 11.2 times..." NSF Yellowstone Discovery Video (4/23/2015) - National Science Foundation "...summarizes a study published online in the journal Science on [4/23/2015], led by seismologists at the University of Utah..."

Water Pollution POLLUTION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATER BY PHOSPHORUS CALCULATORS & APPLETS THE IOWA PHOSPHORUS INDEX CALCULATOR (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Iowa NRCS and the Electronic Field Office Technical Guide, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), USDA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Click ON "Iowa Phosphorus Index Calculator" The Iowa Phosphorus Index Calculator "...reflects conditions that predominate under grain-crop production systems, considers source factors in a multiplicative manner within three main transport mechanisms, and approximates loads of P likely to enter and become available to aquatic ecosystems. The Iowa P Index was developed in 2001, and was modified in 2004 to include support for an additional soil P test and to use the latest revision of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE2). An erosional component considers sheet and rill erosion from RUSLE2, P enrichment, total soil P, filter strip..." For more information see Soils; Iowa Natural Resources Conservation Service; Iowa NRCS Technical Resources or the Iowa NRCS WATER CHEMISTRY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS TRILINEAR PLOTS FOR WATER CHEMISTRY TRILINEAR PLOT: TRILINEAR PLOTS FOR WATER CHEMISTRY (JAVA APPLET) - Albatross Consulting Pty. Ltd., Victoria, Australia Trilinear Plots for Water Chemistry "...is useful for creating the kind of trilinear plots used in hydrological analysis. Data can be entered in PPM or MEq, and..." For more information see Albatross Consulting

Water Quality WATER QUALITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS REAL-TIME SURFACE-WATER, GROUND-WATER AND WATER-QUALITY WATER QUALITY CONTROL - E.E. Adams, Water & Sanitation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Water and Wastewater Technology Course (Text & Images). Water Quality Control Course "...emphasizes mathematical models for predicting distribution and fate of effluents discharged into lakes, reservoirs, rivers, estuaries, and oceans. It also focuses on formulation and structure of models as well as analytical and simple numerical solution techniques..." Water Quality Control Lecture Topics include: "...Molecular Diffusion; Turbulent Diffusion; Spatial Averaging; Estuarine Mixing; Reactor Vessels; Initial Mixing; Sediment-Water Exchange; Water Quality Models; etc..." For more information see E. Eric Adams Home Page; Water & Sanitation; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Civil & Environmental Engineering Courses or MIT OpenCourseWare FIELD MANUAL FOR THE COLLECTION OF WATER-QUALITY DATA - F.D. Wilde, et al., Office of Water Quality, U.S. Geological Survey Multimedia Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data "...The development and use of a National Field Manual is necessary to achieve consistency in the scientific methods and procedures used, to document those methods and procedures, and to maintain technical expertise. USGS field personnel use this manual to ensure that the data collected are of the quality required to fulfill our mission..." Examples of "Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data" Chapters include "...Preparations for Water Sampling; Selection of Equipment for Water Sampling; Cleaning of Equipment for Water Sampling; Collection of Water Samples; Processing of Water Samples; Biological Indicators; etc..." For more information see the Water Resources of the United States REAL-TIME SURFACE-WATER, GROUND-WATER AND WATER-QUALITY FOR U.S. - Water Resources of the U.S., U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Water Databases (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. USGS Water Databases "...provide access to water-resources data collected at approximately 1.5 million sites in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico..." USGS Water Databases include: Real-time Data "... Current-conditions data transmitted from selected surface-water, ground-water, and water-quality sites.." Surface Water "...Water flow and levels in streams, lakes, and springs..." Ground Water "...Water levels in wells..." Water Quality "...Chemical and physical data for streams, lakes, springs, and wells..." For more information see Water Resources of the U.S. GROUND WATER ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multimedia Ground Water Atlas (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Ground Water Atlas "...describes the location, the extent, and the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the important aquifers of the Nation..." For more information see Groundwater; Water; Science Explorer or the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)l WATER QUALITY MONITORING: WATER QULAITY INDICATORS - CALCULATORS - Friends of Five Creeks VERY EXTENSIVE. Calculators are located at bottom of each page. For more information see Friends of Five Creeks Some examples from over "10" Water Quality Monitoring Calculators include Conductivity to Salinity Conversion Calculator Dissolved Oxygen Calculator Convert pH to water quality index Calculator Turbidity Calculator Convert Total Phosphate (ppm) to Water Quality Index Calculator ALKALINITY CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS ALKALINITY CALCULATOR - S. Rounds, Water Resources of Oregon, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Alkalinity Calculator "...will analyze the titration curve and calculate the alkalinity or acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of your sample using one or more of several different methods, including: Inflection point method; Fixed endpoint method; Theoretical carbonate titration curve method 1 & 2; Gran function plot method; Calculation of alkalinity, hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate..." For more information see Water Resources of Oregon, USGS ALKALINITY CALCULATOR (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, NC State University and North Carolina A&T State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Alkalinity Calculator "...allows growers to calculate the amount of acid to inject to neutralize alkalinty in irrigation water. Users can select either an endpoint pH or endpoint alkalinity concentration. The spreadsheet gives..." For more information see Commercial Floriculture Software; Floriculture; Horticultural Science Extension Publications; Department of Horticulture Science Extension; Department of Horticulture Science; North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service or the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences GRAN PLOT SPREADSHEET: MEASURING ALKALINITY (GRAN PLOT TECHNIQUE) (SPREADSHEET OPENS ONLINE WITH EXCEL, iWORK-NUMBERS, IBM LOTUS SYMPHONY, NEOOFFICE, OPENOFFICE CALC, ETC.) - Water Industry Operators Association (WIOA), Shepparton, Victoria, Australia Gran Plot Measuring Alkalinity using the Gran Plot Technique Calculator. For more information see Operator Resources or the Water Industry Operators Association (WIOA) WATER & WASTEWATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FOR WATER & WASTEWATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SEE WATER/WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAS SATURATION IN WATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS GAS SATURATION IN WATER CALCULATORS - H. Bührer, Switzerland VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Gases in the Gas Saturation in Water Calculators include: "...Hydrogen; Deuterium; Helium; Neon; Argon; Krypton; Xenon; 222Rn; Oxygen; Nitrogen; N2O; NO; CO; CO2; SO2; Chlorine; Cl2O; ClO2; Ethane; Propane; Butane; H2Se; H2S; CH4; etc..." For more information see Heinrich Bührer's Home Page Examples of Gas Saturation in Water Calculators include Oxygen Saturation Calculator Oxygen Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Oxygen; Altitude; Saturation Percentage..." Nitrogen Saturation Calculator Nitrogen Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Nitrogen; Altitude; Saturation Percentage..." Gas Saturation Calculator Gas Saturation Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Temperature; Percentage of Gas (Hydrogen, Argon, etc.); Altitude; Saturation Percentage..."

GROUNDWATER CALCULATORS, APPLETS & COURSES GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY - C.F. Harvey, Water & Sanitation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, & the MIT OpenCourseWare, MIT Multimedia Graduate Groundwater Hydrology Course (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Graduate "Groundwater Hydrology" Course Lectures include "...Aquifers, Porosity, and Darcy's Law; Groundwater/Surface Water Interactions; Pump Test Analysis; Solute Transport in Groundwater; Soil Moisture; etc..." For more information see Charles F. Harvey's Hydrogeology Group Home Page; Charles F. Harvey's Home Page; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Civil & Environmental Engineering Courses or the MIT OpenCourseWare GROUNDWATER MODELING - Earthward Consulting, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Groundwater Modeling Calculators include: "...Molecular Diffusion Calculator; Dispersivity Calculator; Fluid Density Calculator; Waste Injection Well Plume Calculator..." For more information see Earthward Consulting Examples of Groundwater Calculators include Dispersivity Calculator Dispersivity Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Injection Rate; Duration; Formation Thickness; Formation Porosity..." Waste Injected Plume Calculator Waste Plume Calculator INPUT Values include: "...Injection Rate; Duration; Formation Thickness; Formation Porosity; Dispersivity..." INTERACTIVE MODELS FOR GROUNDWATER FLOW AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT (JAVA APPLETS) - A.J. Valocchi, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Examples of Groundwater Flow & Solute Transport Calculators include "...Non-reactive and Reactive Diffusive Transport Calculator; 1D Non-reactive and Reactive Solute Transport Calculator; Multidimensional Non-reactive and Reactive Solute Transport Calculator; 2D Steady Flow in Homogeneous Aquifers with Particle Tracking Calculator; 2D Steady Flow in Heterogeneous Aquifers with Particle Tracking Calculator; etc..." For more information see Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory or the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Also see Sediment Transport Processes Video (76MB) LANGELIER CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LANGELIER SATURATION INDEX CALCULATORS & APPLETS LANGELIER SATURATION INDEX (LSI) CALCULATOR - Environmental Test Systems, Inc. Langelier Saturation Index Calculator INPUT Values include: "...pH; Temperature; Alkalinity; Cyanuric Acid; Calcium Hardness; Total Dissolved Solids..." For more information see Pool Calculators or Environmental Test Systems, Inc. MONITORING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WATER QUALITY MONITORING CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS TURBIDITY THRESHOLD CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - Pacific Southwest Research Station, U.S. Forest Service VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Turbidity is "...an optical measure of the number, size, shape, and color of particles in suspension..." Turbidity Threshold Sampling "...collects physical samples that are distributed over a range of rising and falling turbidities...The resulting set of samples can be used to accurately determine suspended sediment loads by..." For more information see Guidelines for Setting Turbidity Thresholds; Turbidity Threshold Sampling; Research Topics: Water and Watersheds; Research Topics; Pacific Southwest Research Station or the U.S. Forest Service RESERVOIR CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS LAKE CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS STREAM CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS FLOW BETWEEN TWO RESERVOIRS (JAVA APPLET) - F. Hellweger, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University; Hosted by the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas VERY EXTENSIVE. Flow Between Two Reservoirs "...A fluid flow system between two reservoirs is presented in an applet called Visiflow, and the user has a number of options about the connection between the reservoirs..." For more information see Ferdi Hellweger - WWW Educational Tools; Educational Applets; Ferdi Hellweger' Home Page; Ferdi Hellweger's Faculty Home Page; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University or the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas; GAS SATURATION CALCULATOR FOR STREAMS - H. Bührer, Switzerland VERY EXTENSIVE. Gas Saturation Calculator for Streams INPUT Values include: Select one of the Gases: "...Hydrogen, Deuterium, Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, 222Rn, Oxygen, Nitrogen, N2O, NO, CO, CO2, SO2, Chlorine, Cl2O, ClO2, Ethane, Propane, Butane, H2Se, H2S, & CH4..." Input Temperature, Air Pressure or Saturation Percentatge; etc. For more information see Calculators or Heinrich Bührer's Home Page Water Runoff WATER RUNOFF DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. WATERSHED DATABASES, CALCULATORS, ETC. ESTIMATING SURFACE WATER RUNOFF (JAVA APPLET) - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. Surface Water Runoff Calculator "...uses the conceptual framework of computational science - application, algorithm, and architecture..." Surface Water Runoff Calculator INPUT Values include: Cover Type "...Brush; Desert Shrub; Dirt Road; Farmsteads; Gravel Road; Herbaceous; Meadow; Oak Aspen; Open Urban Space; Parking Lots; Pasture; Paved Street With Curb; Paved Street with Open Ditch; Pinyon Juniper; Residential; Sagebrush; Woods; & Woods with Grass..." Hydrologic Condition; Soil Condition; Type of storm; Duration of storm. For more information see Surface Water Runoff Home Page; Master Tools or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. WATER RUNOFF CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS SHORT-TERM & LONG-TERM HYDROLOGIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT WATER RUNOFF: SHORT-TERM & LONG-TERM HYDROLOGIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT (L-THIA) DETAILED INPUT - Urban Sprawl Hydrologic Impact, Schools of Engineering, Agricultural & Biological Engeering, Purdue University & the Construction Engineering Research Laboratories Division of the US Army Corps of Engineers VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Impacts of Land Use Change on Water Resources Water Runoff: Short-Term Impact Assessments Tools "...Includes four different tools: SedSpec, Rational Method, TR-55 & Database Frontend..." Water Runoff: Long-Term Impact Assessments Tools "...This tool uses the land use and a soil characteristic from the user along with thirty years of precipitation data to determine the average impact that a particular land use change or set of changes..." Water Runoff Tools INPUT Values include: By State; By County; Area in "...Acres, Hectares, Km2, Mi2..." Land Use "...Commercial; Industrial; Residential; Open Spaces; Parking/Paved Spaces; Water/Wetlands; Grass/Pasture; Agriculture; Forest; Custom Land Use..." Hydrologic Soil Groups..." For more information see Web-Based GIS and Decision Support Systems for Hydrological/Water Quality Impact Analysis or the College of Engineering WATER EROSION CALCULATORS, APPLETS, ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS WEPP MODEL: WATER EROSION PREDICTION PROJECT - National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory (NSERL), Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture & located at Purdue University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Water Erosion Prediction (WEPP Model) "...a computer simulation that predicts soil erosion..." For more information see the National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory (NSERL) Water Erosion Prediction Calculators that Predict Soil Erosion include Basic Hillslope Profile Calculator Basic Hillslope Profile Calculator allows you to "...run a single landuse, single soil WEPP hillslope simulation..." Hillslope with Filter Strip at Bottom Calculator Hillslope with Filter Strip at Bottom Calculator allows you to "...add a different landuse area at the bottom of a hillslope..." Strip Cropping Calculator Strip Cropping Calculator allows you to "...use alternating crops down a hillslope..." Water Erosion Prediction Worksheet Calculator Water Erosion Prediction Worksheet Calculator allows you to "...run multiple simulations to see effects of landuse changes..."

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