Martindale's Language Center - Languages A to G: Dictionaries, Courses, Lessons, Online Keyboards, Spell Checkers, Text-to-Speech, Literature, Poetry, Videos, Movies, etc.

MARTINDALE'S

LANGUAGE & TRANSLATION CENTER

LANGUAGES A-G

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Home Page ~ Language Center

Language Dictionaries & Encyclopedias;

Word & Text-to-Speech (TTS); Word, Text & Website Translation;

Basic, First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Courses;

Writing & Stroke Demonstrations; Language Keyboards;

Grammar, Phonetics, Reading & Writing Lessons; Literature; Poetry; etc.

LANGUAGES WORLD WIDE: LANGUAGES A-G
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Abkhaz, Adygea, Circassian, Kabardian
(and Abzakh Dialect, Bjedug Dialect, Shapsub Dialect, Ubykh Corpus)

Albanian (Shqipe) ~ Altai ~ Archi ~ Armenian ~ Austronesian Languages ~ Azeri (Azerbaijani)

Arabic
& Hassaniya Arabic, Iraqui Arabic,
Moroccan Arabic (Darija), Sudanese Arabic, Syrian Arabic

Aramaic - Syriac, Assyrian - Akkadian, Demotic, Phoenician, Sumerian,
Old Bulgar, Thracian, Cuneiform Tablets, Vindolanda Tablets

Languages of Sub-Saharan Africa

Languages of Cameroon (Kom; Mbuko; Njyem; Zulgo; etc.)

Afrikaans ~ Akan ~ Amharic

Bade (Gashua & Western), Bole, Duwai,
Karekare, Maka, Ngamo & Ngizim (Yobe Languages)

Bambara

Bemba, Lozi, Nyanja (Chewa) & Tonga (Languages of Zambia)

Blin, Tigre & Tigrinya or Tigrina (Languages of Eritrea)

Chichewa (Chinyanja)

Dinka ~ Dholuo (Luo) ~ Ekegusii ~ Eleme ~ Ewe ~ Ga-Dangme ~ Hausa ~ Igbo

Kanuri ~ Kinyarwanda ~ Lamba ~ Lingala ~ Luganda

Maa - Maasai (IlKeekonyokie, IlPurko, IlWuasinkishu) and Samburu

Mandinka ~ Moore ~ Pulaar & Fulfulde (Maasina Dialect)

Sängö ~ Setswana (Tswana) ~ Shona

siSwati ~ Sotho (Sesotho) ~ Sranan Tongo ~ Swahili (Kiswahili)

Twi ~ Vai ~ Wolof ~ Yorùbá ~ Zarma (Djerma) ~ Zulu

Baluchi ~ Bashkir ~ Basque (Euskara)

Belarusian ~ Bengali or Bengla ~ Bosnian ~ Brahui ~ Bulgarian ~ Buryat (Buriat)

Burmese, Wa, Khumi, Shan & Mon

Cambodian (Khmer) ~ Chechen (Ingush) ~ Chinese ~ Chukchi (Chukot, Chukchee) ~ Chuvash ~ Coptic

Creole
(Haitian Creole, Cajun French, French Creole, Louisiana Creole)

Croatian (Hrvatsko) ~ Czech (Cesky)

Danish (Dansk) ~ Dari ~ Dutch (Nederlands) & Flemish (Vlaams)

Egyptology (Hieroglyphics) ~ Enets ~ English ~ Estonian (Eestlane) ~ Evenki

Faroese (Føryskt) ~ Finnish (Suomi) ~ French (Français) ~ Frisian ~ Friulan

Formosan Languages
(Amis, Atayal, Bunun, Kavalan,
Ruka, Saisiyat, Sakizaya, Saisiyat, Tsou, Yami, etc.)

Gagauz ~ Georgian ~ German (Deutsch) ~ Gothic ~ Greenlandic

Greek
(Ancient, Classical, Biblical, New Testament, Modern)

Gaelic
Irish (Gaelic - Gaelige) ~ Manx Gaelic (Gaelg) ~ Scottish & Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)

Languages: A-G ~ Languages: H-R ~ Languages: S-Z

Indigenous Languages ~ Sign Language & Braille

Writing Systems, Body Language,
Languages (Sounds) of Birds, Fish, Frogs, Insects, Seals, Whales, etc.

Linguistics, Language Journals, Fonts, Keyboard, Resources

Language Center

Abkhaz Language, Adygea Language,

Circassian Language, Kabardian Language,

Bjedug Dialect, Shapsub Dialect & Ubykh Language

ABKHAZ LANGUAGE

First Year Abkhaz (Abkhazian) Courses, Lessons & Abkhazian Keyboards

ADYGEA LANGUAGE

Basic Adygea Courses & Lessons

BJEDUG DIALECT, SHAPSUB DIALECT & UBYKH LANGUAGE

Bjedug Dialect, Shapsub Dialect & Ubykh Language Lessons, Literature, etc.

CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGE

English <> Circassian & Turkish Dictionary

Circassian Dictionary

First Year Circassian Courses, Lessons, etc.

Circassian Literature, Poetry, Proverbs, etc.

KABARDIAN LANGUAGE

Basic Kabardian Lessons ~ First Year Kabardian Courses & Lessons

ABKHAZ LANGUAGE, ADYGEA LANGUAGE, CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGE, KABARDIAN LANGUAGE
(and Abzakh Dialect, Bjedug Dialect, Shapsub Dialect, Ubykh Corpus)

ABKHAZ LANGUAGE (ABKHAZIAN LANGUAGE)

"...Official Language of Abkhazia and spoken in Georgia & Turkey.

First Year Abkhaz (Abkhazian) Courses with Abkhazian Keyboards - Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

FIRST YEAR ABKHAZIAN COURSE & ABKHAZIAN KEYBOARD (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Neil Boyd, Haarlem, The Netherlands Multimedia First Year Abkhazian Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sounds).
Available in English, Turkish & Abkhazian.
First Year Abkhazian Course
"...is from a book which recently appeared in bookshops in Abkhazia. The book is in Russian and has been translated into English by Neil. Since the original is in Russian, it assumes the reader is familiar with Russian - an assumption which remains with this translation since I have attempted not to alter the text..."
Examples of "First Year Abkhazian" Course Lessons include
"...Abkhazian Alphabet;
Abkhazian Vocabulary;
Abkhazian Grammar;
Abkhazian Reading & Writing;
Abkhazian Keyboard; etc..."

First Year Abkhaz (Abkhazian) Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

FIRST YEAR ABKHAZIAN LESSONS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Republic of Abkhazia, Russia In English, Russian & Abkhazian. Multimedia First Year Abkhazian Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
The Abkhazian (Apsua) language
"...is a corner-stone of Abkhazian national culture and identity. Having taken this into consideration, I created this site dedicated to those who desire to learn some basics of Abkhazian language and those who are interested in Abkhazian culture..."
Examples of "Abkhazian Lessons" include
"...Abkhazian Phonemes;
Abkhazian Greetings;
Abkhazian Grammar;
Abkhazian Phrases;
Abkhazian Stories;
Abkhazian Dialects: Bzyp Dialect and Abzhuwa Dialect; etc..."

Interactive Abkhaz (Abkhazian) Keyboards

ABKHAZ KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Abkhaz Keyboard (Text & Images).
Abkhaz Keyboard
"...Here you can write Abkhaz text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

ADYGEA LANGUAGE

Official Language of the Republic of Adygea, Russia.

Basic Adygea Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

LEARN ADYGABZA (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Sawsrouka, Damascus, Syria Multimedia Basic Adygabza Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

BJEDUG DIALECT LANGUAGE, SHAPSUB DIALECT LANGUAGE, UBYKH LANGUAGE

Bjedug Dialect, Shapsub Dialect, Ubykh Corpus & Abzakh Dialect Lessons & Literature with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

ABZAKH DIALECT, BJEDUG DIALECT & SHAPSUB DIALECT; & UBYKH (EXTINCT) (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale (LaCiTO), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France Multimedia Abzakh, Bjedug, Shapsug & Ubykh Lessons, Word List (Vocabulary) & Literature (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Caucasian languages, Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale (LaCiTO) or the Centre national de la recherche scientifique

CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGES

Spoken in the Caucasus.

English <> Circassian & Turkish Language Dictionary

"ENGLISH-CIRCASSIAN-TURKISH" "CIRCASSIAN-ENGLISH-TURKISH" (1854) - Author: L. Lowe, Hosted by Google Books Multimedia Multimedia English <> Circassian <> Turkish Dictionary (Text & Images).

Circassian Dictionary

CIRCASSIAN DICTIONARY - Circassian Education Foundation Multimedia Circassian Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Circassian Education Foundation

First Year Circassian Courses, Lessons, etc.

FIRST YEAR CIRCASSIAN (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - ZIHIA, Russia Multimedia First Year Adygabza - First Year Circassian Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Circassian Language is
"...enclosed in Circassian-Abhkasian group of the Caucasian-Iberian language family. Circassian language has the different idioms: Abdzah, Adamiy, Baslney, Bzhedygu, Egerykoy, Kabarday, Mahosh, Natuhay, Ubyh, Hatikoi, Chemgui, Shapsygu. At present time the most wide-spread at Northern Caucasus are Kabarday, Shapsygu, Bzhedygu and Chemgui idioms..."
Examples of First Year Circassian Course Lessons include
"...Circassian Alphabet and Reading Rules;
Circassian Grammar;
Circassian Nouns;
Circassian Verbs;
Circassian Pronouns;
Circassian Numbers;
Circassian Servicing Sords;
Circassian Sentances;
English-Circassian Phrase-book;
Circassian Proverbs; etc..."
For more information see Circassian Home Page

Circassian Literature, Poetry, Proverbs, etc.

CIRCASSIAN LITERATURE, MYTHOLOGY, HISTORY & LANGUAGE - Metin Sönmez, Circassian World, Istanbul, Turkey Multimedia Circassian Literature, Mythology, History & Language (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
The name Circassians
"...has been broadly applied to all peoples of the North Caucasus, and somewhat more restrictively to all the peoples of the Northwest Caucasus (the Adyghe, the Abkhaz, and the vanished Ubykhs, to the exclusion of the eastern Chechens and the peoples of Dagestan.)..."

CIRCASSIAN PROVERBS & SAYINGS - Amjad M. Jaimoukha Multimedia Circassian Proverbs & Sayings Book - PDF, 199 Pages (Text & Images).
Circassian Proverbs & Sayings Book
"...There are some 3,000 entries in this collection, which constitutes the basic core of the corpus of Circassian proverbs and sayings. The equivalents and meanings of the entries in English are given..."
For more information see Amjad M. Jaimoukha's Index Page

KABARDIAN LANGUAGE

One of 3 Official Languages of Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Russia

Basic Kabardian Lessons & Teaching Lessons

LATINIZED KABARDIAN ALPHABET - Amjad M. Jaimoukha Multimedia Latinized Kabardian Alphabet (Text & Images).
Latinized Kabardian Alphabet includes
"...Latinized Alphabet;
English Equivalent;
Kabardian Examples;
Cyrillic Equivalent..."
For more information see Amjad M. Jaimoukha's Index Page

KABARIAN ALPHABET - Simon Ager, Omniglot Multimedia Kabardian Alphabet (East Circassian, Upper Circassian) (Text & Images). For more information see Omniglot Index or Omniglot

First Year Kabardian Courses & Lessons

KABARDIAN LESSONS - Adyga World Multimedia First Year Kabardian Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of First Year Kabardian Course Lessons include
"...Kabardian Alphabet;
Kabardian <> English Phrase Book; etc..."
For more information see Adyga World

GRAMMAR OF THE KABARDIAN (KABARDIAN-CHERKESS) LANGUAGE - Amjad M. Jaimoukha Multimedia Grammar of the Kabardian (Kabardian-Cherkess) Language (Text & Images). For more information see Amjad M. Jaimoukha's Index Page

Albanian Language

English <> Albanian Dictionaries

English <> Albanian and English & Albanian to other Languages

English <> Albanian Word, Text & Website Translation

Albanian Keyboards

Basic Albanian Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year Albanian Courses & Lessons

Intermediate & Advanced Albanian Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Albanian Literature & Poetry

ALBANIAN LANGUAGE - SHQUIPE

Official Language of Republic of Albania and Spoken in Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro & Serbia.

English <> Albanian Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-ALBANIAN" "SHQIPE-ANGLISHTE" - A. Qeli, Argjiro.net Multimedia English <> Albanian Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Albi Qeli's Home Page

"ENGLISH-ALBANIAN" "ALBANIAN-ENGLISH" GRAMMATICAL DICTIONARY - Project Leader: Leonard Newmark, (University of California, San Diego), The Salvic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC) Multimedia Albanian <> English Grammatical Dictionary (Text & Images).
Albanian-English Grammatical Dictionary
"...Is Free but Users need only create a login and password;
over 58,000 headwords;
Provides detailed semantic and syntactic information for each entry..."
For more information see The Salvic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC)

English <> Albanian and English & Albanian to other Languages

"ENGLISH-ALBANIAN" "SHQIP-ANGLISHTE" AND ENGLISH < > ALBANIAN, ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE TRADITIONAL, CROATIAN, CZECH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HEBREW, HUNGARIAN, INDONESIAN, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, PERSIAN (FARSI), POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TAGALOG, THAI, TURKISH, UKRAINIAN, VIETNAMESE & YIDDISH - Ectaco Corporate Center, N.Y. Multimedia English <> Albanian Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Online Dictionaries; Ectaco U.K. or Ectaco U.S.

English <> Albanian Word, Website & Text Translation

"ENGLISH-ALBANIAN" "ALBANIAN-ENGLISH" AND ALBANIAN & ENGLISH TO OVER "36" OTHER LANUAGES - Google Multimedia English <> Albanian Word, Text & Website Translation and English & Albanian to over "36" other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Google

Interactive Albanian Keyboards

ALBANIAN KEYBOARD - SHQUP KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Albanian Keyboard - Shqup Keyboard (Text & Images).
Albanian Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Albanian Lessons

ALBANIAN LANGUAGE (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - BBC Multimedia Albanian Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Languages of Europe; More Languages or BBC Languages Homepage

ALBANIAN LANGUAGE OVERVIEW - Albanian Overview.com, P.J. Basile Multimedia Albanian Lessons (Text & Images).
Albanian
"...is an Indo-European language spoken by about 6,400,000 inhabitants of the eastern Adriatic coast in Albania and also in neighboring Yugoslavia, principally in Kosova and Macedonia, west of a line from near Leskovac to Lake Ohri..."
Examples of "Albanian" Lessons include
"...Albanian Grammar;
Albanian Vocabulary;
Albanian Pronunciation, etc..."
For more information see Albanian Overview.com

First Year Albanian Courses & Lessons

LEARN ALBANIAN - Q. Kurti, Albanian World Multimedia Albanian Course (Text & Images).
The Albanian language
"...is spoken by Albanians who descend from the ancient Illyrian tribes that occupied the western part of the Balkan peninsula. It is recognized to be the continuation of the Illyrian language. Unfortunately, there are no written documents to prove this theory so the connection between the two languages is only indirectly supported through the names of people, places and historical studies..."
Examples of "Albanian" Course Lessons include
"...Albanian Alphabet;
Albanian Pronunciation;
Albanian Greetings;
Albanian Conversation;
Albanian Translations;
Albanian Poetry; etc..."

Intermediate & Advanced Albanian Courses & Lessons

Intermediate & Advanced Albanian Courses & Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

ALBANIAN (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS), Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC), Monterey, California Multimedia Intermediate Albanian Courses & Advanced Albanian Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Click on "Albanian", then "Proficiency Level" and then Skill/Modality".
All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:
"...Lexical (Albanian Vocabulary),
Structure (Albanian Grammar),
Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Albanian Conversations, etc.)..."
Intermediate Albanian (2) includes over "78" Albanian Listening Lessons & Albanian Reading Lessons.
Intermediate Albanian (2+) includes over "64" Albanian Listening Lessons & Albanian Reading Lessons.
Advanced Albanian (3) includes over "8" Albanian Listening Lessons & Albanian Reading Lessons.
Advanced Albanian (3+) includes over "1" Albanian Listening Lessons & Albanian Reading Lessons.
For more information see the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC)

Albanian Literature & Poetry

ALBANIAN LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION - Robert Elsie Multimedia Albanian Literature & Albanian Poetry (Text & Images).
Available in English, Albanian, French & German.
Albanian Literature in Translation
"...This web site contains the largest selection of Albanian literature ever to have appeared in English translation. It comprises a wide range of Albanian authors from past and present, including writers from Albania, Kosova and the Albanian diaspora. These translations are the fruits of over twenty years of research in the field of Albanian studies. Some were published, but most of them appear here for the first time..."
For more information see Robert Elsie's Home Page

Altai Language

Altai Keyboards

Altai Literature & Poetry

ALTAI LANGUAGE

Official Language of Altai Republic, Siberia, Russia.

Altai Keyboards

ALTAI KEYBOARD - Enhanced Modern Turkish Keyboards, Isa Sari Multimedia Altai Keyboard - Enhanced Modern Turkish Keyboards (Text & Images).
Click on "Altai Turkish" for Altai Keyboard.
For more information see Isa Sari's Home Page

Altai Literature & Poetry

ALTAI LITERATURE - Altai Republic, Russia Multimedia Altai Literature (Text & Images). For more information see Altai Republic

ARABIC LANGUAGE

SEE ARABIC

Aramaic - Syriac Language, Assyrian Language - Akkadian Language,

Demotic Language, Phoenician Language, Sumerian Language,

Cuneiform Tablets, Vindolanda Tablets, Old Bulgar Language, Thracian Language

Aramaic Language & Syriac Language
Dictionaries, Lexicons, Courses & Lessons

Assyrian Language & Akkadian Language Dictionaries & Lessons

Cuneiform Tablets

Demotic Dictionaries, Lessons, etc.

Old Bulgar Language: Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars Lessons, Literature, etc.

Phoenician Dictionaries, Courses, Lessons, Literature, etc.

Sumerian Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

Thracian Lessons, Literature, etc.

Vindolanda Tablets

ARAMAIC - SYRIAC LANGUAGE, ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE - AKKADIAN LANGUAGE, DEMOTIC LANGUAGE, PHOENICIAN LANGUAGE,

SUMERIAN LANGUAGE, CUNEIFORM TABLETS, VINDOLANADA TABLETS, OLD BULGAR LANGUAGE, THRACIAN LANGUAGE

ARAMAIC - SYRIAC LANGUAGE

Aramaic - Syriac: Dictionaries, Courses, etc.

ARAMAIC LEXICON - Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon, Jewish Institute of Religion, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, Ohio Multimedia Aramaic Lexicon (Text & Images).
Available dialects include
"...General, Babylonian Talmudic, Christian Palestinian Aramaic..."
Aramaic
"...is one of the Semitic languages, an important group of languages known almost from the beginning of human history and including also Arabic, Hebrew, Ethiopic, and Akkadian (ancient Babylonian and Assyrian)..."
For more information see Search the CAL DATABASE; Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon or the Jewish Institute of Religion, Hebrew Union College

SYRIAC DICTIONARY (SURETH DICTIONARY) - Association Assyrophile de France, Paris, France Multimedia Sureth Dictionary - Syriac Dictionary (Text & Images).

SYRIAC SCRIPT - Omniglot, Simon Ager Multimedia Syriac Script (Text & Images). For more information see the Omniglot

INTRODUCTION TO THE SYRIAC-ARAMAIC LANGUAGE - Beith Souryoyé Morounoyé Multimedia Introduction To The Syriac-Aramaic Language Course (Text & Images).
Available in English, French & Arabic.
Examples of "Introduction To The Syriac-Aramaic Language" Course Lessons include
"...Syriac-Aramaic Alphabet;
Syriac-Aramaic Vowels, and the Alphabet;
Syriac-Aramaic Pronunciation/vocabulary/reading; etc..."
Aramaic Study Books include
"...Syriac New Method Readers, Book 1, 2 & 3; etc..."
For more information see the Beith Souryoyé Morounoyé

ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE - AKKADIAN LANGUAGE

Assyrian - Akkadian: Dictionaries, etc.

"ENGLISH <> AKKADIAN" "AKKADIAN <> ENGLISH" AND "FRENCH <> AKKADIAN" "AKKADIAN <> FRENCH" DICTIONARY - Association Assyrophile de France, Paris, France Multimedia English <> Akkadian & French <> Akkadian Dictionary (Text & Images).

THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO - Editor-in-Charge: M.T. Roth, Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD) Multimedia English <> Assyrian - Akkadian Dictionary (Text & Images).
The Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
"...was conceived to provide more than lexical information alone, more than a one-to-one equivalent between Akkadian and English words. By presenting each word in a meaningful context, usually with a full and idiomatic translation, it recreates the cultural milieu and thus in many ways assumes the function of an encyclopedia. Its source material ranges in time from the third millennium b.c. to the first century a.d., and in geographic area from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Zagros Mountains in the east..."
For more information see the Oriental Institute MESOPOTAMIA (Iraq, Syria) Projects; Research Projects or the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)

CUNEIFORM TABLETS

Cuneiform Tablets

CUNEIFORM DIGITAL LIBRARY - Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI), Principle Investigators: Robert K. Englund (University of California, Los Angeles) and Peter Damerow (Max Plank Institute for the History of Science), Hosted by UCLA Multimedia Cuneiform Tablets Database (Text & Images).
The Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI)
"...represents the efforts of an international group of Assyriologists, museum curators and historians of science to make available through the internet the form and content of cuneiform tablets dating from the beginning of writing, ca. 3350 BC, until the end of the pre-Christian era. We estimate the number of these documents currently kept in public and private collections to exceed 500,000 exemplars, of which now more than 200,000 have been catalogued in electronic form by the CDLI..."
For more information see Principal Investigators, Partners & Staff

THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH - Academy for Ancient Texts Multimedia The Epic of Gilgamesh (Text & Images).
The Epic of Gilgamesh
"...is, perhaps, the oldest written story on Earth. It comes to us from Ancient Sumeria, and was originally written on 12 clay tablets in cunieform script. It is about the adventures of the historical King of Uruk (somewhere between 2750 and 2500 BCE)..."
For more information see Mesopotamian Texts Archive; Ancient Texts Archive or the Academy for Ancient Texts

DEMOTIC LANGUAGE

Demotic Dictionaries, Lessons, etc.

THE DEMOTIC DICTIONARY OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO - Editor: J.H.Johnson, Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, University of Chicago Multimedia Demotic Dictionary (Text & Images).
The Chicago Demotic Dictionary
"...is a lexicographic tool for reading texts written in a late state of the ancient Egyptian language and in a highly cursive script, both known as Demotic. In use from ca. 650 B.C. until the middle of the fifth century A.D., coverint three main time periods (early, Ptolemaic, and Roman), Demotic served as a medium for a wide variety of text types. These include..."
For more information see the Chicago Demotic Dictionary Home Page; Oriental Institute Ancient Egypt (Egypt and Sudan) Projects; Research Projects or the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)

OLD BULGAR LANGUAGE

Old Bulgar Language: Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars Lessons, Literature, etc.

OLD BULGAR: ASPARUKH AND KUBER BULGARS - Author: Peter Dobrev, Hosted by Vassil Karloukovski Multimedia Old Bulgar: Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars Vocabulary and Grammar (Text & Images).
Examples of "Old Bulgar: Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars Vocabulary and Grammar" Subject Categories include
"...Characteristic features of the Bulgar grammar;
Features of the old Bulgar language, preserved in the modern Bulgarian language;
A phonetic model of the language of the Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars;
Bulgar words preserved in the modern Bulgarian language; etc..."
For more information see Vassil Karloukovski's Home Page

PHOENICIAN LANGUAGE

Phoenician Dictionaries, Courses, Lessons, Literature, etc.

PHOENICIAN DICTIONARY - Maroun Ghassan Kassab, Canaanite.org Multimedia Phoenician Dictionary with phonetic pronunciation in both Latin & Arabic scripts (Text & Images). For more information see the Canaanite.org

Also see the

Phoenician Keyboard

ENCYCLOPEDIA PHOENICIANA - Phoenicia.org Multimedia Encyclopedia Phoeniciana (Text & Images).
Encyclopedia Phoeniciana
"...the largest web compilation & repository of studies about the origin, history, geography, religion, arts, thinkers, trade, industry, mythology, language, literature, music, wars, archaeology and culture of the Canaanite Phoenicians..."

PHOENICIAN SCRIPTS - L.K.L. Lo, Foster City, CA Multimedia Phoenician Scripts (Text & Images). For more information see Ancient Scripts

CLASSICAL PHOENICIAN SCARAB CORPUS - The Beazley Archive, University of Oxford Multimedia Classical Phoenician Scarab Corpu (Text & Images).
Classical Phoenician Scarabs
"...were made in Phoenicia in the period of the Achaemenid Persian empire, from the later sixth century to the mid-fourth century BC. Beside the Etruscan, they are the last major production of scarab seals of antiquity. They are made of green jasper, the colour probably being of as much importance as their intaglios since it enhances their amuletic value..."
For more information see The Beazley Archive

SUMERIAN LANGUAGE

Sumerian Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

SUMERIAN: THE ELECTRONIC TEXT CORPUS OF SUMERIAN LITERATURE - Faculty of Oriental Studies (The Oriental Institute), University of Oxford, U.K. Multimedia Sumerian Database (Text & Images).
Sumerian
"...is the first language for which we have written evidence and its literature the earliest known..."
The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL),
"...a project of the University of Oxford, comprises a selection of nearly 400 literary compositions recorded on sources which come from ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and date to the late third and early second millennia BCE.
The corpus contains Sumerian texts in transliteration, English prose translations and bibliographical information..."
For more information see the Faculty of Oriental Studies

SUMERIAN DICTIONARY: INDEX TO SUMERIAN SECONDARY LITERATURE - S. Tinney, Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary Project (PSD), University of Pennsylvania Multimedia Sumerian Dictionary (Text & Images).
Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary Project (PSD)
"...is preparing an exhaustive dictionary of the Sumerian language which aims to be useful to non-specialists as well as Sumerologists. In addition, we are developing tools and datasets for working with the Sumerian language and its text-corpora..."
For more information see the Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary Project

THRACIAN LANGUAGE

Thracian Lessons, Literature, etc.

THRACIAN LANGUAGE - Author: Ivan Duridanov, Hosted by Vassil Karloukovski Multimedia Thracian Language (Text & Images).
Examples of "Thracian Language" Subject Categories include
"...Thracian Words;
Thracian Onomastics;
Thracian Vocabulary;
Comparative phonetics of the Thracian language;
The Thracian, Dacian and Paeonian languages; etc..."
For more information see Vassil Karloukovski's Home Page

VINDOLANDA TABLETS

Vindolanda Tablets

VINDOLANDA TABLETS ONLINE - Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD), University of Oxford, U.K. Multimedia Vindolanda Tablets (Text & Images).
Vindolanda Tablets
"...This online edition of the Vindolanda writing tablets, excavated from the Roman fort at Vindolanda in northern England..."
For more information see the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSASD)

Archi Language

English <> Archi & Russian <> Archi Dictionary
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Basic Archi Lessons

ARCHI LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia

English <> Archi & Russian <> Archi Dictionary

"ENGLISH-ARCHI" "ARCHI-ENGLISH" AND "RUSSIAN-ARCHI" "ARCHI-RUSSIAN - Surrey Morphology Group, Department of English, University of Surrey, Surrey, U.K. Multimedia English <> Archi Dictionary & Russian <> Archi Dictionary (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
English <> Archi Dictionary & Russian <> Archi Dictionary
"...A Dictionary of the Archi (Daghestanian) Language including word sounds and illustrations..."
For more information see Projects or the Surrey Morphology Group

Basic Archi Lessons

ARCHI ALPHABET - LangueDOC, Hosted by the: Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Moscow State University Multimedia Archi Alphabet (Text & Images). For more information see Archi Language; Languages or LangueDOC

Armenian Language

English <> Armenian Dictionaries ~ Armenian Dictionaries

Armenian Keyboards

Basic Armenian Lessons, etc.
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year Armenian Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Intermediate & Advanced Classical Armenian Courses & Lessons

Armenian Literature, Poetry & Mythology

ARMENIAN LANGUAGE

Official Language of the Republic of Armenia.

English <> Armenian Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-ARMENIAN" "ARMENIAN-ENGLISH" - Hayastan.com Multimedia English <> Armenian Dictionary (Text & Iamges). For more information see Hayastan - Armenian Internet Portal

"ENGLISH-ARMENIAN" "ARMENIAN-ENGLISH" - T. Nazaryan, masis.am, Armenia Multimedia English <> Armenian Dictionary (Text & Iamges).

Armenian Dictionaries

ARMENIAN DICTIONARY - Nayiri Multimedia Armenian Dictionary (Text & Iamges).

Interactive Armenian Keyboards

ARMENIAN KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Armenian Keyboard (Text & Images).
Armenian Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
Armenian Keyboard includes
"...Armenian Eastern Keyboard & Armenian Western Keyboard..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

ARMENIAN KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Armenian Keyboard (Text & Images).
Armenian Keyboard
"...Here you can write Armenian text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

Basic Armenian Courses, Lessons, etc.

ARMENIAN (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - NENQ, Armenia Multimedia Basic Armanian Lessons (Text, Images, Video/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples of "Armanian" Lessons include
"...Armenian Alphabet with Audio Pronunciation for each Letter;
Armenian History;
Multilingual Dictionary with Armenian Dictionary; etc..."

First Year Armenian Courses, Lessons, etc.

ARMENIAN BOOK - Armeniapedia: The Online Armenia Encyclopedia, Armeniapedia.org Multimedia Eastern Armenian Online Book (Text & Images).
Eastern Armenian Lessons Online Book
"...will enable English speakers to learn Armenian at their own pace. Eastern Armenian is spoken in Armenia, Russia and Iran..."
Examples of "Eastern Armenian Online Book" Chapters include
"...Armenian Alphabet;
Armenian Grammar;
Armenian Lexicology;
Armenian Word Formation;
Armenian Literature..."
For more information see Armeniapedia: The Online Armenia Encyclopedia

Intermediate & Advanced Classical Armenian Courses & Lessons

CLASSICAL ARMENIAN ONLINE COURSE - Authors: Todd B. Krause and Jonathan Slocum, Linguistics Research Center (LRC), College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Multimedia Classical Armenian Online Course (Text & Images).
Classical Armenian Language
"...The earliest documentary evidence of the Armenians is a sixth century B.C. inscription in Behistun by the Persian king Darius I. It was nearly a thousand years, however, before the Armenians themselves began to put their language to writing, when in 406 or 407 A.D. a priest Mastʿocʿ (also known as Mesrop) developed an Armenian alphabet..."
Examples of "Classical Armenian Course" Sections include
Classical Armenian Grammar Lessons include
"...The Classical Armenian Alphabet and Classical Armenian Sound System;
Over "24" Classical Armenian Grammar Lessons..."
Classical Armenian Reading Lessons include
"...Faustos Buzand's The History of Armenia, Book IV, Chapter 5; etc..."

For more information see the Classical Armenian Online Home Page; Early Indo-European Online: IE Language Families; Early Indo-European Online: Introduction to the Language Lessons; Indo-European Languages and Historical Linguistics or the Linguistics Research Center (LRC)

Armenian Literature, Poetry & Mythology

ARMENIAN LITERATURE - Anna & Karen Vrtanesyan, Armenian House Multimedia Armenian Literature (Text & Images).
Armenian Literature includes
"...Armenian Fiction Literature;
Armenian Nonfiction Literature;
Armenian History Literature;
Armenian Religion Literature;
Armenian Mythology; etc..."

ARMENIAN POETRY - Armenians.com Multimedia Armenian Poetry (Text & Images).

Austronesian Languages

English <> Austronesian Languages
Vocabulary Word Lists, Comparative Dictionaries, Oceanic Languages Audio Recordings

A few examples of specific Austronesian Languages within the LANGUAGE CENTER
that include Dictionaries, Courses, Lessons, Literature, etc.

AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES

English <> Austronesian Languages Vocabulary Word Lists, Comparative Dictionaries, Oceanic Languages Audio Recordings

"ENGLISH-AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES" "AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES-ENGLISH" - AUSTRONESIAN VOCABULARY DATABASE - Robert Blust (Department of Linguistics, University of Hawai'i, Manoa); Russell Gray (Department of Psychology, University of Auckland) & Simon Greenhill (Department of Psychology, University of Auckland); Hosted at the Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand Multimedia Austronesian Languages Vocabulary Word Lists - 590 languages (Text & Images).
Austronesian Languages Vocabulary Word Lists
"...This database contains 125,359 lexical items from 590 languages spoken throughout the Pacific region. Most of these languages belong to the Austronesian language family, which is the largest family in the world containing around 1,000 and 1,200 languages...."
"...Each language in our database has around 210 words associated with it. These words correspond to basic items of vocabulary..."
For more information see Austronesian Home Page

MAORI-POLYNESIAN COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY - Author: E.R. Tregear, Hosted by the: New Zealand Electronic Text Center, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Multimedia Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary (Text & Images).
Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary Languages include
"...Maori & Polynesian Languages including
Aneityum; Futuna-Aniwa; Fiji; Futuna-Aniwa; Gah; Kayan (Uma Juman);
Malagasy; Malay; Mangarevan; Marquesan; Paumotan; Raratongan; Sikayana; etc..."
For more information see Language or the New Zealand Electronic Text Center

AUDIO RECORDINGS OF OCEANIC LANGUAGES - Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale (LaCiTO), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France Multimedia Oceanic Languages Audio Recordings (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
LaCiTO Archive (Oceanic Languages)
"...provides free access to documents of connected, spontaneous speech, mostly in "rare" or endangered languages, recorded in their cultural context and transcribed in consultation with native speakers..."
Examples of Oceanic Languages Audio Recordings include
Languages of New Caledonia
"...Bwatoo Language;
Drehu Language;
Fagauvea Language;
Iaai Language;
Nemi Language;
Yuanga Language; etc..."
Languages of Vanuatu; etc.
For more information see the LaCiTO Archive; Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale (LaCiTO) or the Centre national de la recherche scientifique

A Few Examples of Specific Austronesian Languages within the Center that include Dictionaries, Courses, Literature, etc.

Formosan Languages

Kiribati Language (Gilbertese Language)

Hawaiian Language

Maori Language

Papua New Guinea Languages

Languages of the Philippines

Vanuatu Languages

Azeri Language - Azerbaijani Language

English <> Azeri Dictionaries (Azerbaijani Dictionaries)
and Azeri (Azerbaijani) to other Languages

Azerbaijani Keyboards - Azeri Keyboards

Basic Azeri (Azerbaijani) Lessons, etc.

First Year Azeri (Azerbaijani) Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Intermediate & Advanced Azeri (Azerbaijani) Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Azerbaijani Literature & Poetry - Azeri Literature & Poetry

AZERI LANGUAGE - AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE

Official Language of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

English <> Azeri (Azerbaijani) Dictionaries and Azeri (Azerbaijani) to other Languages

"ENGLISH-AZERI (AZERBAIJANI)" "AZERI (AZERBAIJANI)-INGILIS" AND AZERI <> FRENCH, GERMAN AND RUSSIAN - "Poliglot" Dictionary System, Azerbaijan Multimedia English <> Azeri Dictionary & Azeri to other Languages (Text & Images).
Azeri Dictionary contains
"...over 200,000 words and expressions..."
For more information see Hazirliq Kursu; Unicode.az; National Information Communication Technologies Strategy or Manium Maktabin

Azerbaijani Keyboards - Azeri Keyboards

AZERBAIJANI KEYBOARD - Enhanced Modern Turkish Keyboards, Isa Sari Multimedia Azerbaijani Keyboard - Enhanced Modern Turkish Keyboards (Text & Images).
Click on "Azerbaijani Turkish" for Azerbaijani Keyboard.
For more information see Isa Sari's Home Page

AZERI KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Azeri Keyboard (Text & Images).
Azeri Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
Azeri Keyboard includes
"...Azeri Cyrillic Keyboard & Azeri Latin Keyboard..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Azeri (Azerbaijani) Lessons, etc.

BASIC AZERI - Azeri Org., Azerbaijan International Multimedia Azeri (Azerbaijani) Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Basic Azeri Lessons (Azerbaijani Lessons) include
"...Azeri Alphabet (Azerbaijani Alphabet) with Audio Pronunciation for each Letter;
Learning Azeri in Social Context;
Azerbaijani Proverbs, Everyday Expressions; etc..."
For more information see The Azeri Language and Literature or the Azerbaijani International Magazine

First Year Azeri (Azerbaijani) Courses & Lessons

First Year Azeri (Azerbaijani) Courses & Lessons with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

AZERI TUTOR (QUICKTIME) - V. Wheeler, J. Friedlander, R. Bhushan, G. Kurogulu, G. Akhmedova, N. Tohidi, & D. James, Center for Near Eastern Studies (CNES) & the UCLA International Institute, UCLA Multimedia First Year Azeri Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
First Year Azeri Course
"...consists of interactive lessons for elementary and superior level Azeri. The online modules incorporate authentic video depictions of the countryside and urban environment in Azerbaijan..."
For more information see the Center for Near Eastern Studies (CNES) or the UCLA International Institute

Intermediate & Advanced Azeri (Azerbaijani) Courses & Lessons

Intermediate & Advanced Azeri (Azerbaijani) Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

AZERI (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS), Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC), Monterey, California Multimedia First Year Courses, Intermediate Azeri Courses & Advanced Azeri Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Click on "Azeri", then "Proficiency Level" and then Skill/Modality".
All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:
"...Lexical (Azeri Vocabulary),
Structure (Azeri Grammar),
Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Azeri Conversations, etc.)..."
First Year Azeri (1) includes over "8" Azeri Listening Lessons & Azeri Reading Lessons.
First Year Azeri (1+) includes over "2" Azeri Listening Lessons & Azeri Reading Lessons.
Intermediate Azeri (2) includes over "9" Azeri Listening Lessons & Azeri Reading Lessons.
Intermediate Azeri (2+) includes over "7" Azeri Listening Lessons & Azeri Reading Lessons.
For more information see the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC)

PRONUNCIATION AND MEANING OF AZERI NAMES (WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - E.D. Lawson, Richard F. Sheil (Department of Psychology, State University of New York (SUNY), Fredonia, New York), and Farid Alakbarli (Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Azerbaijan) Multimedia Pronunciation and Meaning of Azeri Names (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Pronunciation and Meaning of Estonian Names
"...Farid Alakbarli provided the field collection of the data, the voice rendition, and collaborated on the content of the names analysis..."
For more information see Edwin D. Lawson's Home Page

Azerbaijani Literature & Poetry

AZERBAIJANI LITERATURE - Azeri Org., Azerbaijani International Magazine Multimedia Azerbaijani Literature (Text & Images). For more information see the The Azeri Language and Literature or the Azerbaijani International Magazine

Languages of Sub-Saharan Africa

Languages of Cameroon (Kom; Mbuko; Njyem; Zulgo; etc.)

Afrikaans ~ Akan ~ Amharic

Bade (Gashua & Western), Bole, Duwai,
Karekare, Maka, Ngamo & Ngizim (Yobe Languages)

Bambara

Bemba, Lozi, Nyanja (Chewa) & Tonga (Languages of Zambia)

Blin, Tigre & Tigrinya or Tigrina (Languages of Eritrea)

Chichewa (Chinyanja)

Dinka ~ Dholuo (Luo) ~ Ekegusii ~ Eleme ~ Ewe ~ Ga-Dangme ~ Hausa ~ Igbo

Kanuri ~ Kinyarwanda ~ Lamba ~ Lingala ~ Luganda

Maa - Maasai (IlKeekonyokie, IlPurko, IlWuasinkishu) and Samburu

Mandinka ~ Moore ~ Pulaar & Fulfulde (Maasina Dialect)

Sängö ~ Setswana (Tswana) ~ Shona

siSwati ~ Sotho (Sesotho) ~ Sranan Tongo ~ Swahili (Kiswahili)

Twi ~ Vai ~ Wolof ~ Yorùbá ~ Zarma (Djerma) ~ Zulu

LANGUAGES OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

CAMEROON LANGUAGES

Cameroon Languages

CAMEROON LANGUAGES - SIL International Cameroon Languages Dictionaries (Text & Images).
Examples from over 46 Cameroon Languages Dictionaries include
"...Kom Dictionary & Kom-English Lexicon;
Koonzime Dictionary & Koonzime-French Lexicon;
Mbuko Dictionary & Mbuko-French-English Lexicon;
Mpyemo Dictionary & Mpyemo-French Lexicon;
Ngomba Dictionary & Ngomba-French-English Lexicon;
Njyem Dictionary & Njyem-French-English Lexicon;
Nomaande Dictionary & Nomaande-French Lexicon;
Ouldeme Dictionary & Ouldeme-French Lexicon; etc..."
For more information see Cameroon; SIL Sitemap or SIL International

AFRIKAANS LANGUAGE

Spoken in South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, etc.

English <> Afrikaans Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-AFRIKAANS" "AFRIKAANS-ENGELS" - Kopiereg, South Africa Multimedia English <> Afrikaans Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Kopiereg

Afrikaans <> Other Languages

"AFRIKAANS-RUSSIAN" "RUSSIAN-AFRIKAANS" - Multitran, Russia Multimedia Russian <> Afrikaans Dictionary (Text & Images).

First Year & Intermediate Afrikaans Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

AFRIKAANS COURSES (QUICKTIME) - Author: Jacques du Plessisa; Milwaukee School of Information Studies; University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Hosted by: Openlanguages Multimedia First Year Afrikaans Course & Intermediate Afrikaans Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples of "First Year Afrikaans Course & Intermediate Afrikaans Course" Subject Categories include
"...Afrikaans Alpabet;
Afrikaans Pronunciation;
Afrikaans Vocabulary;
Afrikaans Grammar;
Afrikaans Idiomatic Interjections;
Afrikaans Idioms;
Afrikaans Sayings;
Afrikaans Literature;
Afrikaans Songs;
Afrikaans Folk Songs; etc..."
For more information see Jacques du Plessis' Faculity Page or Openlanguages

First Year Afrikaans Grammar & Spelling

CONJUGATE AFRIKAANS VERBS - Verbix Multimedia Conjugate Afrikaan Verbs (Text & Images). For more information see On-line Conjugator or Verbix

AFRIKAANS SPELL CHECKER - Tiaan Multimedia Afrikaans Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see Tiaan

AKAN LANGUAGE

Spoken in Ghana & Suriname.

English <> Akan and other Languages

"ENGLISH-AKAN" "AKAN-ENGLISH" AND OTHER LANGUAGES - Editor: Kyeame; Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Kasahorow Communication Group, Suuch Solutions, Accra, Ghana; and The Kamusi Project Multimedia English <> Akan Dictionary and Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Pam-African Living Dictionary; Suuch Solutions or the The Kamusi Project

AMHARIC LANGUAGE

Official Language of Ethiopia.

English <> Amharic Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-AMHARIC" "AMHARIC-ENGLISH" - SelamSoft Inc. Multimedia English <> Amharic Dictionary (Text & Images).

Basic Amharic Courses, Lessons

AMHARIC PRONUNCIATION & GE'EZ (ETHIOPIC) SCRIPT FOR AMHARIC - Simon Ager, Omniglot Multimedia Amharic Pronunciation & Ge'ez (Ethiopic) script for Amharic (Text & Images). For more information see Omniglot Index or Omniglot

BADE LANGUAGE (GASHUA & WESTERN, BOLE LANGUAGE, DUWAI LANGUAGE,

KAREKARE LANGUAGE, MAKA LANGUAGE, NGAMO LANGUAGE, NGIZIM LANGUAGE (YOBE LANGUAGES)

Bade (Gashua & Western), Bole, Duwai, Karekare, Ngamo, Ngizim Language Dictionaries

BADE, BOLE, DUWAI, KAREKARE, NGAMO, NGIZIM DICTIONARIES - Principal Investigator: Russell G. Schuh, The Yobe Languages Research Project, Aflang Directory, Department of Linguistics, UCLA, and Alhaji Maina Gimba (In-Country Director), University of Maiduguri, Nigeria Multimeida Yobe Language Dictionaries - PDF (Text & Images).
Online Yobe Language Dictionaries include
"...Bade (Gashua) Language Dictionaries & Wordlists include
Bade (Gashua)-English-Hausa Dictionary;
English-Bade (Gashua) Wordlist;
Hausa-Bade (Gashua) Wordlist.
Bade (Western) Language Dictionaries & Wordlists include
Bade (Western)-English-Hausa Dictionary;
English-Bade (Western) Wordlist;
Hausa-Bade (Western) Wordlist.
Bole Language Dictionaries & Wordlists include
Bole-English-Hausa Dictionary;
English-Bole Wordlist;
Hausa-Bole Wordlist.
Duwai Language Dictionaries & Wordlists include
Duwai-English-Hausa Dictionary.
Karekare Language Dictionaries & Wordlists include
Karekare-English-Hausa Dictionary;
English-Karekare Wordlist;
Hausa-Karekare Wordlist.
Ngamo Language Dictionaries & Wordlists include
"...Ngamo-English-Hausa Dictionary;
English-Ngamo Wordlist;
Hausa-Ngamo Wordlist.
Ngizim Language Dictionaries & Wordlists include
Ngizim-English-Hausa Dictionary;
English-Ngizim Wordlist;
Hausa-Ngizim Wordlist.

For more information see The Yobe Languages Research Project; Aflang Directory; Russell G. Schuh's Home Page or the Department of Linguistics

Bade Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

BADE LANGUAGE (QUICKTIME) - Principal Investigator: Russell G. Schuh, The Yobe Languages Research Project, Aflang Directory, Department of Linguistics, UCLA, and Alhaji Maina Gimba (In-Country Director), University of Maiduguri, Nigeria Multimedia Bade Language Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Bade Language Lessons, etc. include
"..Bade Greetings;
Bade Literature (Texts);
Bade Poetry & Bade Songs; etc..."
For more information see The Yobe Languages Research Project; Aflang Directory; Russell G. Schuh's Home Page or the Department of Linguistics

Bole Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

BOLE LANGUAGE (QUICKTIME) - Principal Investigator: Russell G. Schuh, The Yobe Languages Research Project, Aflang Directory, Department of Linguistics, UCLA, and Alhaji Maina Gimba (In-Country Director), University of Maiduguri, Nigeria Multimedia Bole Language Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Bole Language Lessons, etc. include
"..Bole Greetings;
Bole Literature (Texts);
Bole Poetry & Bole Songs; etc..."
For more information see The Yobe Languages Research Project; Aflang Directory; Russell G. Schuh's Home Page or the Department of Linguistics

Duwai Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

DUWAI LANGUAGE (QUICKTIME) - Principal Investigator: Russell G. Schuh, The Yobe Languages Research Project, Aflang Directory, Department of Linguistics, UCLA, and Alhaji Maina Gimba (In-Country Director), University of Maiduguri, Nigeria Multimedia Duwai Language Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Duwai Language Lessons, etc. include
"..Duwai Greetings;
Duwai Literature (Texts);
Duwai Poetry & Duwai Songs; etc..."
For more information see The Yobe Languages Research Project; Aflang Directory; Russell G. Schuh's Home Page or the Department of Linguistics

Karekare Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

KAREKARE LANGUAGE (QUICKTIME) - Principal Investigator: Russell G. Schuh, The Yobe Languages Research Project, Aflang Directory, Department of Linguistics, UCLA, and Alhaji Maina Gimba (In-Country Director), University of Maiduguri, Nigeria Multimedia Karekare Language Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Karekare Language Lessons, etc. include
"..Karekare Greetings;
Karekare Literature;
Karekare Tales; etc..."
For more information see The Yobe Languages Research Project; Aflang Directory; Russell G. Schuh's Home Page or the Department of Linguistics

Maka Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

MAKA LANGUAGE (QUICKTIME) - Principal Investigator: Russell G. Schuh, The Yobe Languages Research Project, Aflang Directory, Department of Linguistics, UCLA, and Alhaji Maina Gimba (In-Country Director), University of Maiduguri, Nigeria Multimedia Maka Language Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Maka Language Lessons, etc. include
"..Maka Greetings;
Maka Literature;
Maka Dictionary (PDF); etc..."
For more information see The Yobe Languages Research Project; Aflang Directory; Russell G. Schuh's Home Page or the Department of Linguistics

Ngamo Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

NGAMO LANGUAGE (QUICKTIME) - Principal Investigator: Russell G. Schuh, The Yobe Languages Research Project, Aflang Directory, Department of Linguistics, UCLA, and Alhaji Maina Gimba (In-Country Director), University of Maiduguri, Nigeria Multimedia Ngamo Language Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Ngamo Language Lessons, etc. include
"..Ngamo Greetings;
Ngamo Literature;
Ngamo Tales & other Verbal Arts;
Ngamo Dictionaries (PDF); etc..."
For more information see The Yobe Languages Research Project; Aflang Directory; Russell G. Schuh's Home Page or the Department of Linguistics

Ngizim Dictionaries, Lessons, Literature, etc.

NGIZIM LANGUAGE (QUICKTIME) - Principal Investigator: Russell G. Schuh, The Yobe Languages Research Project, Aflang Directory, Department of Linguistics, UCLA, and Alhaji Maina Gimba (In-Country Director), University of Maiduguri, Nigeria Multimedia Ngizim Language Lessons, etc. (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Ngizim Language Lessons, etc. include
"..Ngamo Greetings;
Ngizim Literature (Texts);
Ngizim Tales;
Ngizim Dictionaries (PDF); etc..."
For more information see The Yobe Languages Research Project; Aflang Directory; Russell G. Schuh's Home Page or the Department of Linguistics

BAMBARA LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Mali.

English <> Bambara and other Languages

"ENGLISH-BAMBARA" "BAMBARA-ENGLISH" AND OTHER LANGUAGES - Editor: Athinkra; Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Kasahorow Communication Group, Suuch Solutions, Accra, Ghana; and The Kamusi Project Multimedia English <> Bambara Dictionary and Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Pam-African Living Dictionary; Suuch Solutions or the The Kamusi Project

Basic Bambara Lessons, etc.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE BAMBARA LANGUAGE - Peace Corps/Mali, Peace Corps, U.S. Government Multimedia Bambara Language Lessons - An Introduction to the Bambara Language - PDF, 21 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of Bambara Language Lessons include
"...Bambara Pronunciation;
Bambara Greetings;
Bambara Expressions;
Bambara Numbers;
Bambara Money;
Bambara Vocabulary;
Bambara Measurements;
Bambara Grammar; etc..."
For more information see Language Lessons or the Peace Corps

Alternative: Bambara Language Lessons with Audio Lessons

Mali Zip File (44.5 MB): Bambara Language Lessons
Mali Zip File (Bambara Language) Note:
Download & Open Zip File;
Click on Bambara Language Lessons PDF File;
For each Lesson click on the corresponding Bambara Audio Lesson.

BEMBA LANGUAGE, LOZI LANGUAGE, NYANJA LANGUAGE (CHEWA) & TONGA LANGUAGE

Languages Spoken in the Republic of Zambia.

English <> Bemba, Lozi, Nyanja (Chewa) & Tonga

"ENGLISH-BEMBA, LOZI, NYANJA (CHEWA) & TONGA" "BEMBA, LOZI, NYANJA (CHEWA) & TONGA-ENGLISH" MEDICAL DICTIONARY - Kenneth Chanda, UNZA Medical Library, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia Multimedia English <> Bemba, Lozi, Nyanja (Chewa) and Tonga Medical Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the University of Zambia

Bemba Lessons, Literature, etc.

BEMBA: A BRIEF LINGUISTIC PROFILE - Debra Spitulnik, Department of Anthropology, Emory University Multimedia Bemba: A Brief Linguistic Profile (Text & Images).
Bemba: A Brief Linguistic Profile includes
"...Basic Phonology; Basic Morphology; etc..."
For more information see Debra Spitulnik's Home Page

BEMBA GRAMMAR NOTES FOR BEGINNERS - Author: E. Hoch, Hosted by the: University of Florida Digital Collections (UFDC), George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida Multimedia Bemba Grammar Notes for Beginners (Text & Images).
Bemba Grammar Notes for Beginners includes
"...The Bemba alphabet;
Bema Nouns;
Bema Pronouns; etc..."
For more information see the University of Florida Digital Collections (UFDC)

BLIN LANGUAGE, TIGRE LANGUAGE, TIGRINYA LANGUAGE (TIGRINA)

Languages Spoken in the State of Eritrea.

Blin Courses, Lessons, etc.

BLIN LESSONS - Author: Kiflemariam (Kifle) Hamde; Hosted by: Ghidewon Abay Asmerom, Department of Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University Multimedia First Year Blin Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples from over "29" Blin Lesson's include
"...Blin Alphabet;
Blin Personal Pronouns;
Blin Plural Formation;
Blin Verbs;
Blin Word order;
Blin Connectivity;
Blin Adjectives; etc..."
For more information see Eritrean Language Lessons or Ghidewon Abay Asmerom's Home Page

Tigre Courses, Lessons, etc.

TIGRE LESSONS - Author: Omar M. Kekia; Hosted by: Ghidewon Abay Asmerom, Department of Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University Multimedia First Year Tigre Lessons, Exercises & Tigre Song Lyrics (Text & Images).
Some examples from over "39" Tigre Lessons include
"...Dehai Tigre/Tigrigna Standard;
Tigre Pronouns;
Tigre Verbs;
Tigre Adjectives;
Tigre Adverbs;
Tigre Words of Affirmation and Negation; etc..."
For more information see Eritrean Language Lessons or Ghidewon Abay Asmerom's Home Page

Tigrinya (Tigrina) Dictionaries, Courses, Lessons, etc.

"ENGLISH-TIGRINYA" "TIGRINYA-ENGLISH" - Temaharay Multimedia English <> Tigrinya Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Tigrinya Online

TIGRIGNA LESSONS - Author: Goitom Ahferom; Hosted by: Ghidewon Abay Asmerom, Department of Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University Multimedia First Year Tigringa Lessons (Text & Images).
Example from over "11" Tigringa Lessons include
"...Tigringa Pronouns;
Tigringa Vocabulary;
Tigringa Verbs;
Tigringa Prepositions;
Tigringa Greetings; etc..."
For more information see Eritrean Language Lessons or Ghidewon Abay Asmerom's Home Page

CHICHEWA LANGUAGE - CHINYANJA LANGUAGE

Official Language of the Republic of Malawi & Spoken in Mozambique & Zimbabwe.

Basic Chichewa Lessons, etc.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CHICHEWA LANGUAGE - Peace Corps/Malawi, Peace Corps, U.S. Government Multimedia Chichewa Language Lessons - An Introduction to the Chichewa Language - PDF, 19 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of Chichewa Language Lessons include
"...Chichewa Pronunciation;
Chichewa Greetings;
Chichewa Expressions;
Chichewa Numbers;
Chichewa Money;
Chichewa Vocabulary;
Chichewa Measurements;
Chichewa Grammar; etc..."
For more information see Language Lessons or the Peace Corps

Alternative: Chichewa Language Lessons with Audio Lessons

Malawi Zip File (29.5 MB): Chichewa Language Lessons
Malawi Zip File (Chichewa Language) Note:
Download & Open Zip File;
Click on Chichewa Language Lessons PDF File;
For each Lesson click on the corresponding Chichewa Audio Lesson.

First Year Chichewa Courses, Lessons, etc.

CHICHEWA LEARNING MATERIALS - Materials prepared by: Andy Lyons; Class Taught by: Sam A. Mchombo, Department of Linguistics, University of California Berkeley; Hosted by the Aflang Directory, UCLA Multimeida Chichewa Learning Materials (Text & Images).
Online Chichewa Learning Materials include
English <> Chichewa Dictionary (PDF, 16 Pages);
Examples from over "45" Chichewa Lessons
"...Chichewa Pronunciation Guide;
Chichewa Present tense, Chichewa Pronoun-prefixes & Six classes of nouns;
Chichewa Negative forn, Chichewa Interrogations, etc.;
Chichewa Prepositions, Chichewa Connections, etc.;
Chichewa Concordial prefixes, etc.;
Chichewa Numbers;
Chichewa Perfect Tense;
Chichewa Verbal Adjectives, Chichewa Ordinals;
Demonstratives uyu and uyo; etc..."
For more information see Sam Mchombo's Chichewa Home Page; Sam A. Mchombo's Home Page; Department of Linguistics, Berkeley; Andy Lyons' Home Page or the Aflang Directory, UCLA

DINKA LANGUAGE - LUANYJANG DIALECT LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Sudan.

First Year Dinka Courses, Lessons, Lectures, etc.

LUANYJANG DIALECT OF DINKA - Bert Remijsen, Linguistics and English Language, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh Multimedia Dinka Prosody Data Collection - Luanyjan Dialect of Dinka (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Dinka Prosody Data Collection
"...dataset comprises 5689 utterance tokens from a total of 10 speakers. For each utterance token, you will find a description of its structure and constituents, a recording (in several sound file formats), and some acoustic representations..."
Dinka Prosody Data Collection also includes
"...A description of the sound system;
Background information on Dinka, the Luanyjang dialect; etc..."
For more information see Nilotic Prosody; Bert Remijsen's Home Page or Linguistics and English Language

DHOLUO LANGUAGE - LUO LANGUAGE

Spoken in Kenya & Tanzania.

English <> Dholuo (Luo) and other Languages

"ENGLISH-DHOLUO (LUO)" "DHOLUO (LUO)-ENGLISH" AND OTHER LANGUAGES - Editor: Arthurbuliva; Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Kasahorow Communication Group, Suuch Solutions, Accra, Ghana; and The Kamusi Project Multimedia English <> Dholuo (Luo) Dictionary and Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Pam-African Living Dictionary; Suuch Solutions or the The Kamusi Project

EKEGUSII LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Kenya.

English <> Ekegusii

"ENGLISH-EKEGUSII" "EKEGUSII-ENGLISH" - ekegusii.org Multimedia English <> Ekegusii Dictionary (Text & Images).
Also includes: Ekegusii Vowels, Ekegusii Nouns, Ekegusii Adjectives, Ekegusii Verbs, Ekegusii Common Phrases, etc.

ELEME LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

First Year Eleme Courses, Lessons, Lectures, etc.

ELEME PHONOLOGY (QUICKTIME) - Oliver Bond, Endangered Languages Academic Programme, Department of Linguistics, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London, U.K. Multimedia Eleme Phonology Audio Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Eleme Phonology Audio Lessons include
"...Eleme Consonants Audio Lesson;
Eleme Vowels Audio Lesson..."
For more information see Eleme Language and Culture; Oliver Bond's Home Page; Endangered Languages Academic Programme or the Department of Linguistics

Eleme Literature

ELEME LITERATURE - Oliver Bond, Endangered Languages Academic Programme, Department of Linguistics, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London, U.K. Multimedia Eleme Literature (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). For more information see Eleme Language and Culture; Oliver Bond's Home Page; Endangered Languages Academic Programme or the Department of Linguistics

EWE LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Ghana & the Togolese Republic (Togo).

English <> Ewe Dictionary with Ewe Courses & Textbooks

"ENGLISH-EWE" "EWE-ENGLISH": BASIC EWE FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS - Author: Simon Wellington Dzablu-Kumah; Revised by Ulrike Claudi, Institut für Afrikanistik (Institute for African Studies), Universität zu Köln, Germany Multimedia Basic Ewe For Foreign Students Textbook & English <> Ewe Dictionary, PDF, 242 Pages (Text & Images).
English <> Ewe Dictionary (Page 161-242)
Examples of "Basic Ewe For Foreign Students" Textbook Lessons (Page 7-161) include
"...The Definite Article;
Ewe Adverbs;
Ewe Subject & Object Pronouns;
Possessive pronouns following the Possessed;
The Imperative; etc...
For more information see Publications - Publikationen or the Institute for African Studies - Institut für Afrikanistik

English <> Ewe Dictionary

"ENGLISH-EWE (GBE)" "EWE (GBE)-ENGLISH" AND OTHER LANGUAGES - Editor: Arthurbuliva; Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Kasahorow Communication Group, Suuch Solutions, Accra, Ghana; and The Kamusi Project Multimedia English <> Ewe (Gbe) Dictionary and Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Pam-African Living Dictionary; Suuch Solutions or the The Kamusi Project

Ewe Literature

EWE LITERATURE - Faculty of Humanities, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands Multimedia Ewe Literature: Ewe Stories and Storytellers (Text & Images). For more information see the Faculty of Humanities

GA-DANGME LANGUAGE - DANGME LANGUAGE - GA LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Ghana.

English <> Ga-Dangme and other Languages

"ENGLISH-GA-DANGME" "GA-DANGME-ENGLISH" AND OTHER LANGUAGES - Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Kasahorow Communication Group, Suuch Solutions, Accra, Ghana; and The Kamusi Project Multimedia English <> Ga-Dangme Dictionary and Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Pam-African Living Dictionary; Suuch Solutions or the The Kamusi Project

HAUSA LANGUAGE

Spoken in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger, etc.

English <> Hausa Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-HAUSA" "HAUSA-ENGLISH" - G.P. Bargery Multimedia English <> Hausa Dictionary (Text & Images).

English <> Hausa and other Languages

"ENGLISH-HAUSA" "HAUSA-ENGLISH" AND GERMAN TO HAUSA - F. Stoiber, Universität Wien, Austria Multimedia English <> Hausa Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images).
The Hausa
"...language is spoken in Nigeria, Niger Republic, Ghana, West Africa..."
For more information see K'ofar Hausa 2

Basic Hausa Lessons, Lectures, etc.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HAUSA LANGUAGE - Peace Corps/Nigers, Peace Corps, U.S. Government Multimedia Hausa Language Lessons - An Introduction to the Hausa Language - PDF, 17 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of Hausa Language Lessons include
"...Hausa Pronunciation;
Hausa Greetings;
Hausa Expressions;
Hausa Numbers;
Hausa Money;
Hausa Vocabulary;
Hausa Measurements;
Hausa Grammar; etc..."
For more information see Language Lessons or the Peace Corps

Alternative: Hausa Language Lessons with Audio Lessons

Niger Zip File (77.6 MB): Includes Hausa Language Lessons
Hausa Zip File Note:
Download & Open Zip File;
Click on Hausa Language Lessons PDF File;
For each lesson click on the corresponding Hausa Audio Lesson.

First Year Hausa Courses, Lessons, etc.

FIRST YEAR HAUSA COURSE (QUICKTIME) - R.G. Schuh, Department of Linguistics, UCLA Multimedia First Year Hausa Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Hausa Grammar Lessons
"...This online grammar provides basic information about the structure of the Hausa language explained in a relatively non-technical way..."
Hausa Online Grammar Course Subject Categories include
"...Hausa Pronunciation & Hausa Writing;
Hausa Pronouns; Hausa Verbs; Hausa "Be & Have" Sentences; etc..."
Hausa Culture Lessons include
"...Religion; Social Interactions; Markets; Farming; etc..."
For more information see Hausa; Aflang Directory; Russell G. Schuh's Home Page or the Department of Linguistics

CONJUGATE HAUSA VERBS - Verbix Multimedia Conjugate Hausa Verbs (Text & Images). For more information see On-line Conjugator or Verbix

Intermediate & Advanced Hausa Courses, Lessons, etc.

HAUSA (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS), Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC), Monterey, California Multimedia Intermediate Hausa Course & Advanced Hausa Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Click on "Hausa", then "Proficiency Level" and then Skill/Modality".
All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:
"...Lexical (Hausa Vocabulary),
Structure (Hausa Grammar),
Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Conversations, etc.)..."
Intermediate Hausa (2) includes over "24" Hausa Listening Lessons & Hausa Reading Lessons.
Intermediate Hausa (2+) includes over "11" Hausa Listening Lessons & Hausa Reading Lessons.
For more information see the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center

IGBO LANGUAGE

Spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon.

First Year Igbo Courses, Lessons, etc.

INTRODUCTION TO THE IGBO LANGUAGE - The Igbo Network Multimedia Igbo Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples from "8" Igbo Lessons include
"...Lessson 2: Igbo Parts of the human body; Igbo Numbers; Igbo Verbs; etc.;
Lessson 6: Igbo Possessive Pronouns; The Simple Present Tense; etc.;..."
For more information see The Igbo Network

Igbo Literature

IGBO LITERATURE - Ms. Frances Nkiru W. Pritchett; Materials compiled by Frances W. Pritchett, Modern Indic Languages, Department of Middle East and Asian Languages & Cultures, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, Columbia University Multimedia Igbo Literature (Text & Images). For more information see Frances W. Pritchett's Home Page or the Department of Middle East and Asian Languages & Cultures

KANURI LANGUAGE

Spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger & Chad.

English <> Kanuri Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-KANURI" "KANURI-ENGLISH" - DICTIONARY OF THE KANURI LANGUAGE - Editors: Norbert Cyffer and John Hutchison, Published by: Foris Publications; Hosted by Google Books Multimedia English <> Kanuri Dictionary: Dictionary of the Kanuri Language - 176 Pages (Text & Images).

KINYARWANDA LANGUAGE

Spoken in Rwanda, Uganda, etc.

English <> Kinyarwanda and other Languages

"ENGLISH-KINYARWANDA" "KINYARWANDA-ENGLISH" AND OTHER LANGUAGES - Editor: Grugege; Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Kasahorow Communication Group, Suuch Solutions, Accra, Ghana; and The Kamusi Project Multimedia English <> Kinyarwanda Dictionary and Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Pam-African Living Dictionary; Suuch Solutions or the The Kamusi Project

LAMBA LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Zambia.

English <> Lamba Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-LAMBA" "LAMBA-ENGLISH" - Author: Clement Martyn Doke; Hosted by the New African Movement, Pitzer College, Claremont, California Multimedia English <> Lamba Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Selected Writings of C.M. Doke; Clement Martyn Doke; Alphabetical Index List of Authors or the New African Movement

LINGALA LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo & the Republic of the Congo.

English <> Lingala and other Languages

"ENGLISH-LINGALA" "LINGALA-ENGLISH" AND OTHER LANGUAGES - Editor: Athinkra, Zekeh Gbotokuma; Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Kasahorow Communication Group, Suuch Solutions, Accra, Ghana; and The Kamusi Project Multimedia English <> Lingala Dictionary and Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Pam-African Living Dictionary; Suuch Solutions or the The Kamusi Project

LUGANDA LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Uganda.

English <> Luganda Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-LUGANDA" "LUGANDA-ENGLISH" - ONLINE LUGANDA DICTIONARY - GandaAncestry.com Multimedia English <> Luganda Dictionary - Online Luganda Dictionary (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see GrandaAncestry

First Year Luganda Courses, Lessons, etc.

LUGANDA LESSONS - Mukasa E. Ssemakula Multimedia Luganda Lessons (Text & Images). For more information see Buganda Home Page

Luganda Lessons includes

A Primer on Speaking and Writing Luganda

A Basic Grammar of Luganda

A Luganda Phrasebook

MAA LANGUAGE - MAASAI LANGUAGE (ILKEEKONYOKIE, ILLPURKO, ILLWUASINKISHU) AND SAMBURU

Spoken in the Republic of Kenya & the United Republic of Tanzania.

English <> Maa (Maasai (IlKeekonyokie, IlPurko, IlWuasinkishu) and Samburu)

"ENGLISH-MAA" "MAA-ENGLISH" - Authors: Doris L. Payne & Leonard Ole-Kotikash; Hosted by Doris L. Payne, Department of Linguistics, University of Oregon Multimedia English <> Maa Dictionary - Maasai (IlKeekonyokie, IlPurko, IlWuasinkishu) and Samburu (Text & Images).
The Maa Language
"...The Maa language or language group has several varieties, all known as "Maa". It is spoken by approximately 500,000 Maasai, Samburu, Camus in Kenya, and about 500,000 Arusa, Kisonko and IlParakuyo people in Tanzania..."
For more information see Maa Maasai Language Project; Doris L. Payne's Home Page or the Department of Linguistics

MANDINKA LANGUAGE

Spoken in Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea-Bissau and Chad.

English <> Mandinka Dictionary

"ENGLISH-MANDINKA" "MANDINKA-ENGLISH" - Prepared by the: Peace Corps The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia; Hosted by: Momodou Camara's Gambia Resource Page, Denmark Multimedia English <> Mandinka Dictionary, PDF, 162 Pages (Text & Images). For more information see Gambia Resource Page or Gambia - Homepage of Momodou Camara - Nijii

First Year & Intermediate Mandinka Courses, Lectures, Manuals, etc.

MANDINKA GRAMMAR MANUAL - Written by: Ebrima S.Y. Colley, Prepared by the: Peace Corps The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia; Hosted by: Momodou Camara's Gambia Resource Page, Denmark Multimedia Mandinka Grammar Manual, PDF, 44 Pages (Text & Images). For more information see Gambia Resource Page

MÒORÉ LANGUAGE

Spoken in Burkina Faso, Beni, Ghana, Mali, etc.

Basic Mòoré Lessons, etc.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MOORE LANGUAGE - Peace Corps/Burkina Faso, Peace Corps, U.S. Government Multimedia Moore Language Lessons - An Introduction to the Moore Language - PDF, 18 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of Moore Language Lessons include
"...Moore Pronunciation;
Moore Greetings;
Moore Expressions;
Moore Numbers;
Moore Money;
Moore Vocabulary;
Moore Measurements;
Moore Grammar; etc..."
For more information see Language Lessons or the Peace Corps

Alternative: Moore Language Lessons with Audio Lessons

Burkina Faso Zip File (40.6 MB): Moore Language Lessons
Burkina Faso Zip File (Moore Language) Note:
Download & Open Zip File;
Click on Moore Language Lessons PDF File;
For each Lesson click on the corresponding Moore Audio Lesson.

PULAAR LANGUAGE & FULFULDE LANGUAGE (MAASINA DIALECT)

Spoken in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gambia, Chad, etc.

English <> Pulaar Dictionary & English to Fulfulde (Maasina Dialect) Dictionary

"ENGLISH-PULAAR" "PULAAR-ENGLISH" & ENGLISH TO FULFULDE (MAASINA DIALECT) - Martha R. O'Kennon, Department of Mathematics, Albion College Multimedia English <> Pulaar Dictionary & English to Fulfulde (Maasina dialect) Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Martha R. O'Kennon's Language Page or Martha R. O'Kennon's Home Page

SÄNGÖ LANGUAGE

Spoken in Central African Republic, Chad & the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

English <> Sängö and other Languages

"ENGLISH-SÄNGÖ" "SÄNGÖ-ENGLISH" AND OTHER LANGUAGES - Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Kasahorow Communication Group, Suuch Solutions, Accra, Ghana; and The Kamusi Project Multimedia English <> Sängö Dictionary and Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Pam-African Living Dictionary; Suuch Solutions or the The Kamusi Project

First Year Sängö Courses, Lessons, etc.

SÄNGÖ-TÎ-LÂSÔ - SÄNGÖ LANGUAGE COURSE - Ministère de la Nouvelle Alliance (M.N.A.) Multimedia Sängö-Tî-Lâsô Course (Text & Images).
In Français & Sängö.
Some examples of Débutants & Intermédiaire Sängö-Tî-Lâsô Course Chapters include
"...l'alphabet Sängö; Les tons en Sängö; etc.;
Vocabulaire; Les adjectifs possessif; etc.;
Les classes des mots en Sängö; etc..."

SETSWANA LANGUAGE (TSWANA LANGUAGE)

Official Language of Republic of Botswana & Spoken in South Africa, Zimbabwe & Namibia.

Basic Setswana Lessons, Lectures, etc.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SETSWANA LANGUAGE - Peace Corps/Botswana, Peace Corps, U.S. Government Multimedia Setswana Language Lessons - An Introduction to the Setswana Language - PDF, 17 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of Setswana Language Lessons include
"...Setswana Pronunciation;
Setswana Greetings;
Setswana Expressions;
Setswana Numbers;
Setswana Money;
Setswana Vocabulary;
Setswana Measurements;
Setswana Grammar; etc..."
For more information see Language Lessons or the Peace Corps

Alternative: Setswana Language Lessons with Audio Lessons

Botswana Zip File (34.7 MB): Setswana Language Lessons
Setswana Zip File (Setswana Language) Note:
Download & Open Zip File;
Click on Setswana Language Lessons PDF File;
For each Lesson click on the corresponding Setswana Audio Lesson.

SHONA LANGUAGE

Spoken in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia & Botswana.

Basic Shona Lessons, Lectures, etc.

INTRODUCTORY SHONA LANGUAGE - Author: Cameron Smith Multimedia Shona Lessons (Text & Image).
Examples of Shona Lessons include
"...Shona Pronunciation;
Shona Greetings;
Shona Introductions;
Shona Sentences;
Shona Vocabulary;
Shona Exercise;
Shona Possessives & Concords; etc..."

SHONA LANGUAGE - Author: Martin Shumba Multimedia Shona Lessons (Text & Image).
Shona, or chiShona,
"...is an African language spoken by nearly 80 percent of people in Zimbabwe..."
Examples of Shona Lessons include
"...Small English-Shona Dictionary;
Shona Numbers;
Shona Names; etc..."

First Year Shona Courses & Lessons

FIRST YEAR SHONA VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION GUIDE LESSONS (FLASH) - Project Manager: Audrey N. Mbeje, African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia First Year Shona Vocabulary & Pronunciation Lessons (Text & Images).
First Year Shona Vocabulary & Pronunciation Lessons
"...Each unit‎ provides a set of vocabulary items that could be useful‎ in a particular situation stated as a title of the unit.‎ The spelling, pronunciation, and pictures are provided to enhance the learning process..."
First Year Shona Vocabulary & Shona Pronunciation Lessons include
"...In the Kitchen; At the Store; At the Zoo; At the Home;
At the Restaurant; At the Hospital, In the Garden;
Shona Songs; Shona Alphabet; etc..."
For more information see the African Languages Vocabulary & Pronunciation Guide; African Languages Teaching/Learning Materials; African Language Program of the African Studies Center or the African Studies Center

First Year & Intermediate Shona Grammar

CONJUGATE SHONA VERBS - Verbix Multimedia Conjugate Shona Verbs (Text & Images). For more information see On-line Conjugator or Verbix

siSWATI LANGUAGE

Spoken in Swaziland, South Africa, Lesotho & Mozambique.

Basic siSwati Lessons, Lectures, etc.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE siSWATI LANGUAGE - Peace Corps/Swaziland, Peace Corps, U.S. Government Multimedia siSwati Language Lessons - An Introduction to the siSwati Language - PDF, 19 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of siSwati Language Lessons include
"..siSwati Pronunciation;
siSwati Greetings;
siSwati Expressions;
siSwati Foods;
siSwati Time; etc..."
For more information see Language Lessons or the Peace Corps

Alternative: siSwati Language Lessons with Audio Lessons

Swaziland Zip File (39.6 MB): siSwati Language Lessons
Swaziland Zip File (siSwati Language) Note:
Download & Open Zip File;
Click on siSwati Language Lessons PDF File;
For each Lesson click on the corresponding siSwati Audio Lesson.

SOTHO LANGUAGE - SESOTHO LANGUAGE

Official Language of the Kingdom of Lesotho & One of Eleven Official Languages of the Republic of South Africa.

English <> Sesotho Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-SESOTHO (SOUTH SOTHO)" "BUKANTSWE YA SESOTHO LE SENYESEMANE" Multimedia English <> South Sotho Dictionary (Sesotho Dictionary) (Text & Images). For more information see Sesotho Online

First Year Sotho Courses & Lessons

FIRST YEAR SOUTH SOTHO - SESOTHO COURSE - Sesotho Online Multimedia First Year South Sotho (Sesotho) Course (Text & Images).
South Sotho (Sesotho) Course Lessons include
"...Sesotho Forms of Greeting;
Sesotho Basic Phrases;
Sesotho Sound Structure (Sesotho Pronunciation Guide);
Sesotho Sentence Construction;
Sesotho Grammar;
Sesotho Nouns & Noun Classes;
Sesotho Pronouns;
Sesotho Proverbs, Idioms and Riddles;
Sesotho Computer Word List;
Sesotho Numbers;
Sesotho Online Exercises; Worksheets; etc..."

SRANAN TONGO LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Suriname.

Basic Sranan Tongo Lessons, Lectures, etc.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SRANAN TONGO LANGUAGE - Peace Corps/Suriname, Peace Corps, U.S. Government Multimedia Sranan Tongo Language Lessons - An Introduction to the Sranan Tongo Language - PDF, 16 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of Sranan Tongo Language Lessons include
"..Sranan Tongo Pronunciation;
Sranan Tongo Greetings;
Sranan Tongo Expressions;
Sranan Tongo Numbers;
Sranan Tongo Money;
Sranan Tongo Vocabulary;
Sranan Tongo Measurements;
Sranan Tongo Grammar; etc..."
For more information see Language Lessons or the Peace Corps

Alternative: Sranan Tongo Language Lessons with Audio Lessons

Suriname Zip File (17.2 MB): Sranan Tongo Language Lessons
Suriname Zip File (Sranan Tongo Language) Note:
Download & Open Zip File;
Click on Sranan Tongo Language Lessons PDF File;
For each Lesson click on the corresponding Sranan Tongo Audio Lesson.

SWAHILI LANGUAGE - KISWAHILI LANGUAGE

Official Language of the United Republic of Tanzania,
Official Language of the Republic of Burundi,
Official Language of Republic of Kenya,
and Spoken in Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Somalia, Uganda, Rwanda etc.

English <> Swahili Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-SWAHILI" "KISWAHILI-KIINGEREZA" - The Kamusi Project, World Language Documentation Centre Multimedia English <> Swahili Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the The Kamusi Project

"RUSSIAN-SWAHILI" "SWAHILI-RUSSIAN" - The Kamusi Project, World Language Documentation Centre Multimedia Russian <> Swahili Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the The Kamusi Project

First Year Swahili Courses & Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

FIRST YEAR SWAHILI - Aramati Multimedia First Year Swahili Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
First Year Swahili Course includes
First Year Swahili Course "FALL SEMESTER"
Each Chapter includes
"...Swahili Vocabulary;
Swahili Grammar;
Swahili Conversation;
Swahili Exercises; etc..."
Examples from over 10 Chapters include
Chpater 3: Simple direct commands, Locative pronouns, Words & Pharses for Household Items, etc.;
Chapter 5: Talking about oneself, The verb -na 'have', Words & Pharses for Family Relations, etc.;
Chapter 9: Sentence construction, Repetition of verbs, Word order in the noun phrase, etc.; etc..."

First Year Swahili Course "SPRING SEMESTER"
Each Chapter includes
"...Swahili Vocabulary;
Swahili Grammar;
Swahili Conversation;
Swahili Exercises; etc..."
Examples from over 10 Chapters include
Chapter 14: Mazungumzo: Kuandika barua, Verbal extensions: the reversive/opposite affix, etc.;
Chapter 17: Passive verbs and sentences, New vocabulary related to games and athletics, etc.;
Chapter 20: Subjuctives, Negative Subjuctive, Words & Pharses for Food, etc.; etc..."

For more information see Swahili Language; East African Languages; African Languages or Aramati

SWAHILI (KISWAHILI) LESSONS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - The Kamusi Project, World Language Documentation Centre Multimedia Swahili Lessons - Kiswahili Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Swahili Lessons (Kiswahili Lessons) include
"...Swahili Pronunciation Guide;
Swahili Alaphabet;
Kiswahili Grammar Notes,
A Comprehensive Instructional Text;
Swahili Songs and Poetry; etc..."
For more information see the The Kamusi Project

Intermediate & Advanced Swahili Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

INTERMEDIATE KISWAHILI - SWAHILI COURSE (REALPLAYER) - Instructors: Denis Onyango & Elaine E. Mshomba, African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia Intermediate Kiswahili Course -Intermediate Swahili Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). For more information see the African Languages Teaching/Learning Materials; African Language Program of the African Studies Center or the African Studies Center

Examples of Intermediate Kiswahili Course - Intermediate Swahili Course Lessons include

Tusikilize Kiswahili - Lets Listen to Swahili
Tusikilize Kiswahili
"...is a set of exercises designed primarily for intermediate students of Swahili. The purpose of the site is to review vocabulary, while introducing some new words, and to build listening and comprehension skills through..."

Lets Read Kiswahili

SWAHILI (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS), Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC), Monterey, California Multimedia Intermediate Swahili Courses & Advanced Swahili Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Click on "Swahili", then "Proficiency Level" and then Skill/Modality".
All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:
"...Lexical (Swahili Vocabulary),
Structure (Swahili Grammar),
Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Swahili Conversations, etc.)..."
Intermediate Swahili (2) includes over "15" Swahili Listening Lessons & Swahili Reading Lessons.
Intermediate Swahili (2+) includes over "6" Swahili Listening Lessons & Swahili Reading Lessons.
For more information see the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center

Swahili Literature

SWAHILI MANUSCRIPTS DATABASE: COLLECTIONS, MANUSCRIPTS & RECORDINGS - SOAS Library, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, London, U.K. Multimedia Swahili Manuscripts Database: Collections, Manuscripts & Recordings (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see SOAS Archive Catalogue; SOAS Library or the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)

TWI LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Ghana.

First Year Twi Courses, Lessons, etc.

FIRST YEAR TWI VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION GUIDE LESSONS (FLASH) - Project Manager: Audrey N. Mbeje, African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia First Year Twi Vocabulary & Pronunciation Lessons (Text & Images).
First Year Twi Vocabulary & Pronunciation Lessons
"...Each unit‎ provides a set of vocabulary items that could be useful‎ in a particular situation stated as a title of the unit.‎ The spelling, pronunciation, and pictures are provided to enhance the learning process..."
First Year Twi Vocabulary & Twi Pronunciation Lessons include
"...In the Kitchen; At the Store; At the Zoo; At the Home;
At the Restaurant; At the Hospital, In the Garden;
Twi Songs; Twi Alphabet; etc..."
For more information see the African Languages Vocabulary & Pronunciation Guide; African Languages Teaching/Learning Materials; African Language Program of the African Studies Center or the African Studies Center

VAI LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Liberia.

English <> Vai and other Languages

"ENGLISH-VAI" "VAI-ENGLISH" AND OTHER LANGUAGES - Editor: Athinkra; Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Kasahorow Communication Group, Suuch Solutions, Accra, Ghana; and The Kamusi Project Multimedia English <> Vai Dictionary and Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Pam-African Living Dictionary Online; Pam-African Living Dictionary; Suuch Solutions or the The Kamusi Project

WOLOF LANGUAGE

One of Two Official Langues of the Republic of Senegal, and Spoken in Gambia & Mauritania.

English <> Wolof Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-WOLOF" "WOLOF-ENGLISH" - Prepared by the: Peace Corps The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia; Hosted by: Momodou Camara's Gambia Resource Page, Denmark Multimedia English <> Wolof Dictionary, PDF, 76 Pages (Text & Images). For more information see Gambia Resource Page

First Year Wolof Courses & Lessons

FIRST YEAR WOLOF VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION GUIDE LESSONS (FLASH) - Project Manager: Audrey N. Mbeje, African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia First Year Wolof Vocabulary & Pronunciation Lessons (Text & Images).
First Year Wolof Vocabulary & Pronunciation Lessons
"...Each unit‎ provides a set of vocabulary items that could be useful‎ in a particular situation stated as a title of the unit.‎ The spelling, pronunciation, and pictures are provided to enhance the learning process..."
First Year Wolof Vocabulary & Wolof Pronunciation Lessons include
"...In the Kitchen; At the Store; At the Zoo; At the Home;
At the Restaurant; At the Hospital, In the Garden;
Wolof Songs; Wolof Alphabet; etc..."
For more information see the African Languages Vocabulary & Pronunciation Guide; African Languages Teaching/Learning Materials; African Language Program of the African Studies Center or the African Studies Center

WOLOF VIDEO COURSE - Principal Investigator: Russell G. Schuh, Aflang Directory, Department of Linguistics, UCLA Multimedia Wolof Video Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Wolof Video Course
Each Chapter Lesson includes
Explanations and Exercises in PDF Form (Read First) and then Listen to the Videos of how eash Wolof Word of Phrase sounds.
Examples of Wolof Video Course Chapters include
"...Sounds and Greetings;
Identifying People and Things;
Numbers and Counting;
Describing People and Things; etc..."
Examples of Wolof Video Course Extras include
"...Supplementary Lessons;
Vocabulary for all Lessons;
Listening Practice; etc..."

For more information see the Aflang Directory; Russell G. Schuh's Home Page or the Department of Linguistics

First Year & Intermediate Wolof Grammar Courses, Lectures, Manuals, etc.

WOLOF GRAMMAR MANUAL - Prepared by the: Peace Corps The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia; Hosted by: Momodou Camara's Gambia Resource Page, Denmark Multimedia Wolof Grammar Manual, PDF, 73 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of "Wolof Grammar Manual" Lessons include
"...Pronunciation Guide;
Greetings with Grammar, Drills & Vocabulary; etc..."
For more information see Gambia Resource Page

YORÙBÁ LANGUAGE - YORUBA LANGUAGE

Spoken in Nigeria, Benin & Togo.

Yorùbá Dictionary

"ENGLISH-YORÙBÁ" "YORÙBÁ-ENGLISH" - YORÙBÁDICTIONARY - Authors: Pamela Smith & Adebusola Onayemi Multimedia Yorùbá Dictionary (Yoruba Dictionary) (Text & Images).

ZARMA LANGUAGE (DJERMA LANGUAGE)

One of Seven Official Languages of the Republic of Niger.

English <> Zarma Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-ZARMA-FRENCH" "ZARMA-FRENCH-ENGLISH" - Developed by Peace Corps, Niger; Hosted by Bisharat! Multimedia English-French-Zarma Dictionary - Zarmaciine-English-Français - English-Zarmaciine-Français (Text & Images

Zarma Courses, Lessons, Lectures, etc.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ZARMA LANGUAGE - Peace Corps - Peace Corps/Nigers, Peace Corps, U.S. Government Multimedia Zarma Language Lessons - An Introduction to the Zarma Language - PDF, 17 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of Zarma Language Lessons include
"...Zarma Pronunciation;
Zarma Greetings;
Zarma Greetings;
Zarma Expressions;
Zarma Numbers;
Zarma Money;
Zarma Vocabulary;
Zarma Measurements;
Zarma Grammar; etc..."
For more information see Language Lessons or the Peace Corps

Alternative: Zarma Language Lessons with Audio Lessons

Niger Zip File (77.6 MB): Includes Zarma Language Lessons
Niger Zip File Note:
Download & Open Zip File;
Click on Zarma Language Lessons PDF File;
For each lesson click on the corresponding Zarma Audio Lesson.

ZULU LANGUAGE

One of Eleven Official Languages of the Republic of South Africa and Spoken in Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland & Zimbabwe.

English <> Zulu Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-ZULU" "ISIZULU-ISINGISI" - isizulu.net, C. Gaebler, Karlsruhe, Germany Multimedia English <> Zulu Dictionary (Text & Images).

Basic & First Year Zulu Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

BASIC ZULU LESSONS - M. Williams Multimedia Basic Zulu Lessons (Text & Images). For more information see Matt Williams Home Page

FIRST YEAR ZULU VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION GUIDE LESSONS (FLASH) - Project Manager: Audrey N. Mbeje, African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia First Year Zulu Vocabulary & Pronunciation Lessons (Text & Images).
First Year Zulu Vocabulary & Pronunciation Lessons
"...Each unit‎ provides a set of vocabulary items that could be useful‎ in a particular situation stated as a title of the unit.‎ The spelling, pronunciation, and pictures are provided to enhance the learning process..."
First Year Zulu Vocabulary & Zulu Pronunciation Lessons include
"...In the Kitchen; At the Store; At the Zoo; At the Home;
At the Restaurant; At the Hospital, In the Garden;
Zulu Songs; Zulu Alphabet; etc..."
For more information see the African Languages Vocabulary & Pronunciation Guide; African Languages Teaching/Learning Materials; African Language Program of the African Studies Center or the African Studies Center

FIRST YEAR ZULU (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - isizulu.net, C. Gaebler, Karlsruhe, Germany Multimedia First Year Zulu Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Examples of Zulu Lessons include

Zulu Grammar

Zulu Pronunciation Guide

Baluchi Language (Balochi, Baluci)

English <> Baluchi Dictionaries

First Year & Intermediate Baluchi Courses & Lessons

Baluchi Literature, Poetry & Proverbs

BALUCHI LANGUAGE - BALOCHI LANGUAGE - BALUCI LANGUAGE

Principal language of the Baloch of Balochistan, Pakistan, Eastern Iran and Southern Afghanistan.

English <> Baluchi Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-BALUCHI" "BALUCHI-ENGLISH": A COURSE IN BALUCHI - Muhammad Abd-al-Rahman Barker, & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Baluchi Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Baluchi Dictionary: A Course in Baluchi.
"...includes Perso-Arabic script and roman with diacritics...."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

"ENGLISH-BALOCHI" "BALOCHI-ENGLISH": A SKETCH OF THE NORTHERN BALOCHI LANGUAGE - Mansel Longworth Dames, & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Balochi Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Balochi Dictionary: A Sketch of the Northern Balochi Language.
"...includes Perso-Arabic script and roman with diacritics...."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

"ENGLISH-BALOCHI" "BALOCHI-ENGLISH": A BALOCHI GLOSSARY - Mumtaz Ahmad, & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia English <> Balochi Dictionary: A Balouchi Glossary (Text & Images).
English <> Balochi Dictionary: A Balouchi Glossary.
"...includes Perso-Arabic script and roman with diacritics...."
For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

First Year & Intermediate Baluchi Courses & Lessons

A GRAMMAR, PHRASE BOOK AND VOCABULARY OF BALUCHI - Author: N.A. Collett, & hosted by the the Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago Multimedia A Grammar, Phrase Book and Vocabulary of Baluchi (Text & Images). For more information see Digital Dictionaries of South Asia or the Digital South Asia Library

Baluchi Literature, Poetry & Proverbs

BALUCHI PROVERBS - Balouch Culture and History Multimedia Baluchi Proverbs (Text & Images). For more information see Balouch Culture & History

Bashkir Language

English <> Bashkir Dictionary

Bashkir Keyboards

Basic Bashkir Lessons & Lectures

First Year & Intermediate Bashkir Courses & Lessons

Bashkir Literature & Poetry

BASHKIR LANGUAGE

One of Two Official Languages of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia.

English <> Bashkir Dictionary

"ENGLISH-BASHKIR" "BASHKIR-ENGLISH" - BASHKIR MANUAL - Author: Nicholas Poppe; Hosted by Google Books Multimedia Multimedia English <> Bashkir Dictionary - Bashkir Manual - 172 Pages - Bashkir Manual also includes Bashkir Phonology, Bashkir Grammar, Bashkir Literature, etc. (Text & Images).

Bashkir Keyboards

BASHKIR KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Bashkir Keyboard (Text & Images).
Bashkir Keyboard
"...Here you can write Bashkir text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

BASHKIR KEYBOARD - Enhanced Modern Turkish Keyboards, Isa Sari Multimedia Bashkir Keyboard - Enhanced Modern Turkish Keyboards (Text & Images).
Click on "Bashkir Turkish" for Bashkir Keyboard.
For more information see Isa Sari's Home Page

Basic Bashkir Lessons & Lectures

BASHKIR ALPHABET - Author: Rustem Akmat Multimedia Bashkir Alphabet Lessons (Text & Images). For more information see The Bashkir Language

First Year & Intermediate Bashkir Courses & Lessons

First Year & Intermediate Bashkir Grammar Course

BASHKIR GRAMMAR - ODVL, Russia Multimedia Bashkir Grammar Course, 70 Pages (Text & Images).
In Russian & Bashkir.
For more information see Bashkir Language

Bashkir Literature & Poetry

BASHKIR LITERATURE - Bashskazki.ru, Russia Multimedia Bashkir Literature (Text & Images).
In Bashkir.

Basque Language

English <> Basque Dictionaries (English <> Euskara Dictionaries)
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Basque Word, Phrase, Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech) & other Languages
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Basic Basque Lessons - Basic Euskara Lessons
(Text, Images, Animations & Audio/Sound)

Basque Literature & Poetry

BASQUE LANGUAGE - EUSKARA LANGUAGE

Official of Language of Basque Country, Spain and spoken in other parts of the Spanish Pyrenees & French Pyrenees.

English <> Basque Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-BASQUE" "EUSKARA-INGELESA" - Morris Student Plus Dictionary, Euskari.net, Kultura Saila, Basque Country, Spain Multimedia English <> Basque Dictionary (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
English <> Basque Dictionary
"...is the Morris Student Plus Dictionary, the most complete and modern English-Basque Basque-English dictionary to date. It has been updated and follows the latest recommndations of the Royal Academy of the Basque Language, Euskaltzaindia..."
English <> Basque Dictionary contains:
"...67,000 headwards;
120,000 expressions and idioms..."
For more information see Euskari.net

Basque Word, Phrase, Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech) & other Languages with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "BASQUE (EUSKARA)" (QUICKTIME) - AhoLab Group, Signal Treatment and Radiocommunication Team), Department of Electronics and Telecommunication (D.E.T.), University of Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain Multimedia Basque Text-To-Speech (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
"...Enter one or more sentences and click Submit to hear the Text to Speech Conversion..."
For more information see the AhoLab Group or the Department of Electronics and Telecommunication (D.E.T.)

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "BASQUE (EUSKARA)" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "BASQUE, CATALAN, CHINESE, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ENGLISH, FRENCH, GALICIAN, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TURKISH & VALENCIAN - Oddcast Inc. Multimedia Czech Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Text-to-Speech (TTS) or Oddcast Inc.

Basic Basque Lessons - Basic Euskara Lessons

BASQUE ALPHABET & PRONUNCIATION - Omniglot, Simon Ager Multimedia Basque Alphabet & Basque Pronunciation - Euskara Alphabet & Euskara Pronunciation (Text & Images). For more information see the Omniglot

BASQUE LESSONS - EUSKARA IKASGAI - L. White, Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada, Reno Multimedia Basque Lessons - Euskara Lessons (Text & Images).
Basque Lessons (Euskara Lessons)
"...were created by our Basque instructor, Linda White, who also developed our online Basque language courses. The dialect that appears here is batua or Unified Basque..."
Examples of Basque Lessons (Euskara Lessons) include
"...Basque Alphabet;
Basque Verbs;
Basque Numbers;
Basque Phrases;
Basque Vocabulary; etc..."
For more information see Basque Courses Online or the Center for Basque Studies

BASQUE LESSONS (FLASH) - C. Gibson, Digital Dialects Multimedia Basque Lessons - (Euskara Lessons) (Text, Images & Animations).
Examples of Basic Basque Lessons (Euskara Lessons) include
"...Basque Numbers;
Basque Colors;
Basque Days & Months;
Basque Vocabulary Builder; etc..."
For more information see Digital Dialects

BASQUE LESSONS - EUSKARA LESSONS - Authors: Maria S. Santisteban & Javier Herrera and hosted by Buber's Basque Page Multimedia Basque Lessons, Euskara Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Basque Lessons (Euskara Lessons) include
"...Maria S. Santisteban's Basque Lessons (Euskara Lessons);
Javier Herrera's Lesson Translations;
Kamil's Graphical Learning Aids; etc..."
For more information see Buber's Basque Page

BASQUE LESSONS - METHODO DE EUSKERA - Landarbaso, Basque Country, Spain Multimedia Basque Grammar & Vocabulary Lessons, Euskara Grammar & Vocabulary Lessons (Text & Images).
Includes over "48" Basque Grammar & Vocabulary Lessons.

A BRIEF GRAMMAR OF EUSKARA, THE BASQUE LANGUAGE - Author: Itziar Laka; Office of the Vice-Rector for the Basque Language, University of the Basque Country - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea Multimedia Basque Grammar Lessons, Euskara Grammar Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Basque Grammar Lessons include
"...The Basque Sentence;
The Basque Noun Phrase;
Basque Cases & Basque Postpositions;
Basque Inflection;
The Basque Verb & Its Morphology; etc..."
For more information see the University of the Basque Country - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea

Basque Literature & Poetry

BASQUE POETRY - Basque Poetry, Basque Country, Spain Multimedia Basque Poetry (Text & Images). In Basque, English & Spanish.

BASQUE LITERATURE - DEPOSITORY OF BASQU CLASSIC TEXTS - KLASIKOAK, S.A., Bilbao, Spain Multimedia Online Basque Literature (Text & Images).
Available in Euskara (Basque), English & Castellano (Spanish).

LIBURU DIGITALAK (BASQUE LITERATURE) - Municipal Patronage for Basque of San Sebastian, Euskararen Donostia, Spain Multimedia Online Basque Literature (Text & Images).
Available in Euskara (Basque) only.

Belarusian Language

English <> Belarusian Dictionaries and Grammar & Pronunciation
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

English <> Belarusian Dictionaries and English & Belarusian to other Languages

Belarusian Keyboards

Basic Belarusian Lessons, Lectures, etc.

Intermediate Belarusian Courses, Lessons, etc.

Belarusian Literature & Poetry

BELARUSIAN LANGUAGE

Offical Language of the Republic of Belarus.

English <> Belarusian Language Dictionaries and Grammar & Pronunciation with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

"ENGLISH-BELARUSIAN" "BELARUSIAN-ENGLISH" (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - R. Hajduk, and hosted by The Virtual Guide to Belarus Multimedia English <> Belarusian Dictionary (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Also includes
"...Belarusian Grammar Guide;
Belarusian Pronunciation Guide..."
For more information see The Virtual Guide to Belarus

English <> Belarusian Dictionaries and English & Belarusian to other Languages

"ENGLISH-BELARUSIAN" "BELARUSIAN-ENGLISH" AND BELARUSIAN, BULGARIAN, CROATIAN, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HUNGARIAN, ICELANDIC, ITALIAN, LATIN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, MACEDONIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SLOVENIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, UKRAINIAN - Valentyn Solomko, Slovnyk.org Multimedia English <> Belarusian Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Slovnyk.org

"BELARUSIAN <> ARABIC, CHINESE, CZECH, ENGLISH, ESTONIAN, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NEDERLANDS, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH & TURKISH" - Alexandria Multimedia Belarusian to Other Language Dictionaries (Text & Images). For more information see Memodata

Interactive Belarusian Keyboards

BELARUASIAN KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Belarusian Keyboard (Text & Images).
Belarusian Keyboard
"...Here you can write Belarusian text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

BELARUASIAN KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Belarusiani Keyboard (Text & Images).
Belarusian Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Belarusian Lessons, Lectures, etc.

BELARUASIAN - Omniglot, Simon Ager Multimedia Belarusian Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Belarusian Lessons include
"...Belarusian Alplhabet;
Cyrillic Alphabet for Belarusian;
Latin Alphabet for Belarusian;
Useful Belarusian Phrases; etc..."
For more information see Omniglot

Intermediate Belarusian Courses, Lessons, etc.

SPEAK BELARUSIAN - S. Alaksandrau, H. Mycy & J. Hladkievich, Miensk, Belarus Multimedia Belarusian Language Lessons (Text & Images).
In Belarusian.

BELARUSIAN PHRASEOLOGY - Fyodar Yankouski, Miensk, Belarus Multimedia Belarusian Phraseology Lessons (Text & Images).
In Belarusian.

Belarusian Literature & Poetry

BELARUSIAN LITERATURE & POETRY - Alisa Biziaeva, litara.net Multimedia Belarusian Literature & Belarusian Poetry (Text & Images).

BELARUSIAN LITERATURE & POETRY - Miensk, Belarus Multimedia Belarusian Literature & Belarusian Poetry (Text & Images).

Bosnian Language

English <> Bosnian Dictionary

Bosnian Keyboards

Basic Bosnian Lessons

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Bosnian Courses & Lessons

BOSNIAN LANGUAGE

One of 3 Offical Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

English <> Bosnian Dictionary

"ENGLISH-BOSNIAN" "BOSNIAN-ENGLISH" - LEFTOR d.o.o., Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina Multimedia English <> Bosnian Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see LEFTOR d.o.o.

Interactive Bosnian Keyboards

BOSNIAN KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Bosnian Keyboard (Text & Images).
Bosnian Keyboard
"...Here you can write Bosnian text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

Basic Bosnian Lessons

BOSNIAN - Omniglot, Simon Ager Multimedia Basic Bosnian Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Bosnian Lessons include
"...Bosnian Alphabet;
Bosnian Latin and Cyrillic Alphabets;
Bosnian Arabic Alphabet; etc..."
For more information see Omniglot

LEARN BOSNIAN - Namira Bajraktarevic Multimedia Bosnian Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Bosnian Lessons include
"...Bosnian Alphabet;
Bosnian Grammar (Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, etc.);
Bosnian Conversation;
Bosnian Numbers..."

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Bosnian Courses & Lessons

A HANDBOOK OF BOSNIAN, SERBIAN AND CROATIAN GRAMMAR - Wales Brown & Theresa Alt, SEELRC 2004; The Salvic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC) Multimedia A Handbook of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian Grammar - PDF, 111 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of "A Handbook of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian Grammar" include
"...Sound System;
Morphology (Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, etc.);
Syntax (Element order in declarative sentences; Subordination, etc.);
Vocabulary;
Text Samples; etc..."
For more information see Reference Grammar Network or The Salvic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC)

Brahui Language

Brahui Dictionary
& Morphological Analysis, Etymology, Grammar, etc.

BRAHUI LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Balochistan Region (Southwest Pakistan & Neighboring Areas of Afghanistan & Iran)

Brahui Dictionary & Morphological Analysis, Etymology, Grammar, etc.

BRAHUI DICTIONARY - Himalayan Languages Project, Leiden University, Modified for HTML presentation & StarLing database server by S. Starostin, CGI scripts by Y. Bronnikov and hosted by The Tower of Babel Multimedia Brahui Dictionary (Text & Images).
Brahui Dictionary includes
"...Brahui Morphological Analysis;
Brahui Etymology;
Brahui Grammar;
Brahui Spelling; etc..."
For more information see Etymological Databases; Evolution of Human Language Project or the The Tower of Babel Home Page

Bulgarian Language

English <> Bulgarian Dictionaries

English <> Bulgarian and English & Bulgarina to other Languages

English <> Bulgarian Word, Text & Website Translation
and English & Bulgarina to other Languages

Bulgarian to English Dictionaries ~ Bulgarian Keyboards

Basic Bulgarian Lessons, Lectures, etc.
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Bulgarian Courses & Lessons

Bulgarian Literature & Poetry

BULGARIAN LANGUAGE

Official Language of the Republic of Bulgaria.

English <> Bulgarian Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-BULGARIAN" "BULGARIAN-ENGLISH" - SA Dictionary Online, Dir.bg, Bulgaria Multimedia English <> Bulgarian Dictionary (Text & Images).

English <> Bulgarian and English & Bulgarina to other Languages

"ENGLISH-BULGARIAN" "BULGARIAN-ENGLISH" AND BELARUSIAN, BULGARIAN, CROATIAN, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HUNGARIAN, ICELANDIC, ITALIAN, LATIN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, MACEDONIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SLOVENIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, UKRAINIAN - Valentyn Solomko, Slovnyk.org Multimedia English <> Bulgarian Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Slovnyk.org

"ENGLISH-BULGARIAN" "BULGARIAN-ENGLISH" AND ENGLISH < > ALBANIAN, ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE TRADITIONAL, CROATIAN, CZECH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HEBREW, HUNGARIAN, INDONESIAN, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, PERSIAN (FARSI), POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TAGALOG, THAI, TURKISH, UKRAINIAN, VIETNAMESE & YIDDISH - Ectaco Corporate Center, N.Y. Multimedia English <> Bulgarian Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Online Dictionaries; Ectaco U.K. or Ectaco U.S.

"ENGLISH-BULGARIAN" "BULGARIAN-ENGLISH" AND ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE, CZECH, ENGLISH, ESTONIAN, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NEDERLANDS, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH & TURKISH - Alexandria Multimedia Bulgarian to Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Memodata

English <> Bulgarian Word, Text & Website (URL's) Translation

"ENGLISH-BULGARIAN" "BULGARIAN-ENGLISH" WORD & TEXT TRANSLATION AND BULGARIAN, ENGLISH, GERMAN, FRENCH, ITALIAN, SPANISH, TURKISH - SkyCode Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria Multimedia English <> Bulgarian Word & Bulgarian Text Translation and Other Languges (Text & Images).
"...Enter text in Bulgarian, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian or Turkish..."
For more information see Webtrance - SkyCode or SkyCode Ltd.

"ENGLISH-BULGARIAN" "BULGARIAN-ENGLISH" AND BULGARIAN & ENGLISH TO OVER "36" OTHER LANUAGES - Google Multimedia English <> Bulgarian Word, Text & Website Translation and English & Bulgarian to over "36" other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Google

Bulgarian to English Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-BULGARIAN" - Regional Distance Education Study Center, University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria Multimedia Bulgarian to English Dictionary (Text & Images).
Also contains
"...a Bulgarian Keyboard and you can input a Bulgarian Sentence and have it translated to English..."
For more information see the University of Plovdiv

"ENGLISH-BULGARIAN" - portal.bg, Bulgaria Multimedia Bulgarian to English Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Portal.bg

Interactive Bulgarian Keyboards

BULGARIAN KEYBOARD & BULGARIAN DICTIONARY - Regional Distance Education Study Center, University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria Multimedia Bulgarian Keyboard & Bulgarian to English Dictionary (Text & Images).
Bulgarian Keyboard
"...a Bulgarian Keyboard and you can input a Bulgarian Sentence and have it translated to English..."
For more information see the University of Plovdiv

BULGARIAN KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Bulgarian Keyboard (Text & Images).
Bulgarian Keyboard
"...Here you can write Bulgarian text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

BULGARIAN KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Bulgarian Keyboard (Text & Images).
Bulgarian Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Bulgarian Lessons

Basic Bulgarian Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

BULGARIAN - Vasil Tabakov, and hosted by HIT.bg, Bulgaria Multimedia Basic Bulgarian Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Basic Bulgarian Lessons include
"...Bulgarian Alphabet;
Bulgarian Grammar;
Bulgarian Expressions;
Bulgarian Conversation;
Bulgarian Numbers; etc..."
For more information see HIT

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Bulgarian Courses & Lessons

Bulgarian Grammar Lessons, Drills, Morphological Analyzers, etc.

BULGARIAN GRAMMAR - Author: Katina Bontcheva, and hosted by Bulgarian Language and Literature, Department of East-European and Oriental Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oslo Multimedia Bulgarian Grammar Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Bulgarian Grammar Lessons include
"...Bulgarian Alphabet;
Bulgarian Basic Spelling Rules;
Bulgarian Grammar;
Bulgarian Numerals; etc..."
For more information see Bulgarian Language and Literature or the Faculty of Humanities

BULGARIAN GRAMMAR DRILLS - Bulgarian Language and Literature, Department of East-European and Oriental Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oslo Multimedia Bulgarian Grammar Lessons (Text & Images). For more information see Bulgarian Language and Literature or the Faculty of Humanities

BULGARIAN MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYZER - H.D. Krushkov, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics Informatics, University of Plodiv, Bulgaria Multimedia Bulgarian Morphological Analyzer (Text & Images).
Bulgarian Morphological Analyzer
"...Insert an entire Bulgarian sentence and each word will be identified and analyzed..."
For more information see Hristo Dimitrov Krushkov's Home Page

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BULGARIAN LANGUAGE - University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria Multimedia Bulgarian Morphological Analyzer (Text & Images). For more information see the University of Plovdiv

Bulgarian Literature & Bulgarian Poetry

BULGARIAN LITERATURE - Bulgarian Language and Literature, Department of East-European and Oriental Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oslo Multimedia Bulgarian Literature (Text & Images).
Examples of Bulgarian Literatur Authors include:
"...Stanislav Stratiev, Dejan Enev, Jordan Radichkovk, Ivan Kulekov, etc..."
For more information see Bulgarian Language and Literature or the Faculty of Humanities

Buryat Language (Buriat)

Buryat (Buriat) <> Russian Dictionary

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Buryat (Buriat) Courses & Lessons

BURYAT LANGUAGE - BURIAT LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia and in Mongolia & China.

Buryat (Buriat) <> Russian Dictionary

"BURYAT (BURIAT)-RUSSIAN" - Buryatia Organization Multimedia Buryat (Buriat) <> Russian Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the Buryatia Organization

"RUSSIAN-BURYAT (BURIAT)" - Buryatia Organization Multimedia Russian <> Buryat (Buriat) Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the Buryatia Organization

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Buryat (Buriat) Courses & Lessons

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Buryat (Buriat) Courses & Lessons

BURYAT ALPHABET - Simon Ager Multimediat Buryat Alphabet (Text & Images). For more information see the Omniglot

BURYAT TEXTBOOK - TEXTBOOK OF BURYAT LANGUAGE Multimedia Intermediate & Advanced Buryat Textbook - Textbook of Buryat Language (Text & Images).
In Russian.

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Buryat (Buriat) Grammar Course

BURIAT GRAMMAR COURSE - THE BURIAT GRAMMAR PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY - Editor: Sanzheev, Hosted by Monumenta Altaica - Altaic Linguistics, Ilya Gruntov, Russia Multimedia Intermediate & Advanced Buriat Grammar Phonology and Morphology Course - PDF (Text & Images).
In Russian.
For more information see The Grammars of Mongolian Languages or Monumenta Altaica - Altaic Linguistics

Burmese Language, Wa Language,

Khumi Language, Shan Language & Mon Language

BURMESE LANGUAGE

English <> Burmese Dictionary with Burmese Keyboards

English <> Burmese Dictionaries

First Year & Intermediate Burmese Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Burmese Script Lessons & Burmese Script Writing
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Burmese Culture Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Burmese Literature Poetry
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

WA LANGUAGE

Wa Dictionary & Wa-Burmese-Chinese-Enlgish Dictionary

Wa Dictionary & Wa-Burmese-Chinese-Enlgish Dictionary

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Wa Courses, Lessons, etc.

Wa Literature & Poetry

KHUMI LANGUAGE

Khumi-English-Burmese Dictionary

SHAN LANGUAGE

English <> Shan Dictionaries

Shan-English-Burmese Dictionary

MON LANGUAGE

English <> Mon Dictionary

First Year Mon Courses, Lessons, etc.

BURMESE LANGUAGE, WA LANGUAGE, KHUMI LANGUAGE, SHAN LANGUAGE & MON LANGUAGE

BURMESE LANGUAGE

Official Language of the Union of Myanmar (Burma).

English <> Burmese Language Dictionary with Burmese Keyboard

"ENGLISH-BURMESE" BURMESE-ENGLISH" - C.A. Multimedia English <> Burmese Dictionary with Burmese Keyboard (Text & Images).
Note:
"...To see the Burmese characters, the font Wwin_Burmese1 (or Myanmar1) must be installed on your computer. It can be downloaded here..."

English <> Burmese Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-BURMESE" "BURMESE-ENGLISH" - SEAlang Projects (Southeast Asian Languages Library) Multimedia English <> Burmese Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the SEAlang Library or SEAlang

"ENGLISH-BURMESE" "BURMESE-ENGLISH" - BITEXT CORPUS - SEAlang Projects (Southeast Asian Languages Library) Multimedia English <> Burmese Bitext Corpus (Text & Images).
Bitex Corpus
"...A bitext corpus shows words, phrases, and sentences in translation. Insofar as possible, translated texts are aligned sentence-by-sentence..."
For more information see the SEAlang Library or SEAlang

"ENGLISH-BURMESE" BURMESE-ENGLISH" - Planet Myanmar Network, Myanmar Multimedia English <> Burmese Dictionary - English <> Myanmar Dictionary (Text & Images).

First Year & Intermediate Burmese Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

BURMESE LANGUAGE COURSES (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University Multimedia First Year & Intermediate Burmese Courses (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Burmese Courses include
First Year Burmese Script Lessons
"...The lessons in this category are designed for beginning Myanmar learners who want to achieve the basic skills of reading and writing Myanmar scripts..."
Includes over "35" Lessons.
First Year Beginning Burmese Lessons
"...The beginning lessons are designed for Myanmar language learners who want to learn the basic skills of reading, writing and speaking the language after having completed the "Script" lessons. These lessons include greetings, and various questions and answers related to daily communication..."
Includes over "15" Lessons.
Intermediate Burmese Lessons
"...The lessons at this level are designed for learners who want to achieve more advanced skills of reading, writing and speaking the language. The lessons include informative topics about Myanmar and Myanmar culture. Learners should first listen to and read the text in each lesson with..."
Includes over "15" Lessons.

For more information see Myanmar [Burma]; Myanmar [Burma] Language, Literature and Culture Center or Welcome to SEAsite (Center for Southeast Asian Studies)

Burmese Script Lessons & Burmese Script Writing

AN INTRODUCTION TO BURMESE SCRIPT (QUICKTIME) - Department of Asian Studies & the Language Resource Center, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University Multimedia Burmese Script Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
An Introduction to Burmese Script includes over "40" Burmese Script Lessons.
For more information see Burmese; Media Library; Language Resource Center or the Department of Asian Studies

BURMESE SCRIPT WRITING (QUICKTIME) - Department of Asian Studies & the Language Resource Center, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University Multimedia Burmese Script Writing Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). For more information see Burmese; Media Library; Language Resource Center or the Department of Asian Studies

Burmese Culture Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

BURMESE CULTURE (REAL PLAYER) - Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University Multimedia First Year & Intermediate Burmese Culture (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
First Year & Intermediate Burmese Culture includes
"...Burmese Art; Burmese Music; Burmese Architecture; etc..."
For more information see Myanmar [Burma]; Myanmar [Burma] Language, Literature and Culture Center or Welcome to SEAsite (Center for Southeast Asian Studies)

Burmese Literature & Burmese Poetry with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

BURMESE LITERATURE & BURMESE POETRY (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University Multimedia First Year & Intermediate Burmese Literature (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
First Year & Intermediate Burmese Literature includes
"...Burmese Short Stories; Burmese Legends; Burmese Poems; etc..."
For more information see Myanmar [Burma]; Myanmar [Burma] Language, Literature and Culture Center or Welcome to SEAsite (Center for Southeast Asian Studies)

WA LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Union of Myanmar (Burma) & China.

Wa Dictionary & Wa-Burmese-Chinese-Enlgish Dictionary

WA DICTIONARY & "ENGLISH-WA-BURMESE-CHINESE" WA-BURMESE-CHINESE-ENGLISH" - Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, London, U.K. Multimedia "Dictionary of the Wa Language with Burmese (Myanmar), Chinese, and English Glosses" (Text & Images). For more information see the Internet Database for Minority Languages of Burma (Myanmar); SOAS Wa Dictionary Project; Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS; SOAS Library or the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)

Wa-English-Burmese Dictionary

"ENGLISH-WA-BURMESE" "WA-BURMESE-ENGLISH" - Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, London, U.K. Multimedia English <> Burmese <> Wa Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the Internet Database for Minority Languages of Burma (Myanmar); SOAS Wa Dictionary Project; Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS; SOAS Library or the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Wa Courses, Lessons, etc.

WA LANGUAGE LESSONS, TOOLS & SAMPLES OF SPOKEN WA (MP3) - Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, London, U.K. Multimedia Wa Language Lessons, Interactive Tools & Samples of Spoken Wa (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of "Wa Language" Lessons & Interactive Tools include
"...The writing of the Wa Language;
Comparative Chart of Wa Orthographies;
Comparative Chart of Wa Orthographies;
On-line automatic Wa Orthography Converter;
The Wa System of Personal Names;
Numbers in Wa;
Wa Weights and Measures; etc..."
Examples of "Wu Language" Audio Lessons include
"...The Tale of the Two Kings;
The Peaceable Kingdom (Haktiex Yien yawk); etc..."

For more information see the The Wa Language Corpus; Internet Database for Minority Languages of Burma (Myanmar); SOAS Wa Dictionary Project; Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS; SOAS Library or the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)

Wa Literature & Poetry

CORPUS OF WA TEXTS - Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, London, U.K. Multimedia Corpus of Wa Texts (Text & Images).
Examples of "Wa Texts" Subject Categories include
"...Textbooks, language reference works, and literacy readers;
Wa culture, literature, and history;
Translations, secondary works, and parallel texts of Wa texts above in Burmese, Chinese, or English languages; etc..."
For more information see the The Wa Language Corpus; Internet Database for Minority Languages of Burma (Myanmar); SOAS Wa Dictionary Project; Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS; SOAS Library or the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)

KHUMI LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Union of Myanmar (Burma), Bangladesh & India.

Khumi-English-Burmese Dictionary

"ENGLISH-KHUMI-BURMESE" "KHUMI-BURMESE-ENGLISH" - Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, London, U.K. Multimedia English <> Burmese <> Khumi Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the Internet Database for Minority Languages of Burma (Myanmar); SOAS Wa Dictionary Project; Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS; SOAS Library or the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)

SHAN LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Union of Myanmar (Burma) & Thailand.

English <> Shan Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-SHAN" "SHAN-ENGLISH" - SEAlang Projects (Southeast Asian Languages Library) Multimedia English <> Shan Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the SEAlang Library or SEAlang

"ENGLISH-SHAN" "SHAN-ENGLISH" - BITEXT CORPUS - SEAlang Projects (Southeast Asian Languages Library) Multimedia English <> Shan Bitext Corpus (Text & Images).
Bitex Corpus
"...A bitext corpus shows words, phrases, and sentences in translation. Insofar as possible, translated texts are aligned sentence-by-sentence..."
For more information see the SEAlang Library or SEAlang

Shan-English-Burmese Dictionary

"ENGLISH-SHAN-BURMESE" "SHAN-BURMESE-ENGLISH" - Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, London, U.K. Multimedia English <> Burmese <> Shan Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the Internet Database for Minority Languages of Burma (Myanmar); SOAS Wa Dictionary Project; Department of the Language and Cultures of South East Asia at SOAS; SOAS Library or the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)

MON LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Union of Myanmar (Burma) & Thailand.

English <> Mon Dictionary

"ENGLISH-MON" "MON-ENGLISH" - SEAlang Projects (Southeast Asian Languages Library) Multimedia English <> Mon Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Mon Dictionary
"...based on the Dictionary of Modern Spoken Mon by H.L. Shorto (1962, Oxford University Press)..."
For more information see the SEAlang Library or SEAlang

First Year Mon Courses, Lessons, etc.

MON GRAMMAR - G.A. Broadwell, Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY) Multimedia Mon Grammar Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Mon Grammar Lessons include
"...Mon Phonetics and Mon Phonology;
Mon Nouns and Mon Noun Phrases;
Mon Pronouns;
Mon Verbs and Mon Verb Phrases;
Mon Sentences;
English <> Mon Lexicon; etc..."
For more information see Publications; George A. Broadwell's Home Page or the Department of Anthropology

Khmer Language

English <> Khmer Dictionaries

English <> Khmer Word, Phrase & Sentences Translation

First Year Khmer & Intermediate Khmer Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

KHMER LANGUAGE (LANGUAGE OF CAMBODIA)

English <> Khmer Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-KHMER" "KHMER-ENGLISH" - SEAlang Projects (Southeast Asian Languages Library) Multimedia English <> Khmer Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the SEAlang Library or SEAlang

"ENGLISH-KHMER" "KHMER-ENGLISH" - USOFT, Cambodia Multimedia English <> Khmer Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see USOFT

"ENGLISH-KHMER" "KHMER-ENGLISH" - KhmerLanguage.com, Ximplex Corporation Multimedia English <> Khmer Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see KhmerLanguage.com

English <> Khmer Word, Phrase & Sentences Translation

"ENGLISH-KHMER" "KHMER-ENGLISH" - KHMER BITEX CORPUS - SEAlang Projects (Southeast Asian Languages Library) Multimedia English <> Khmer Bitex Corpus (Text & Images).
Bitex Corpus
"...A bitext corpus shows words, phrases, and sentences in translation. Insofar as possible, translated texts are aligned sentence-by-sentence..."
For more information see the SEAlang Library or SEAlang

First Year Khmer & Intermediate Khmer Courses & Lessons

First Year Khmer & Intermediate Khmer Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

KHMER LANGUAGE COURSE (QUICKTIME, REAL PLAYER & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University Multimedia First Year Khmer Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
First Year Khmer Course Subject Categories include
"...Khmer Writing System (Khmer Alphabet, Consonants, Vowels, etc.);
Khmer Reading
"...Texts and materials for practicing reading in Khmer on three different levels: beginning, intermediate, and advanced..."
Khmer Conversation (Listening and Speaking Skills);
Khmer Vocabulary;
Khmer Grammar;
Khmer Pronunciation; etc..."
For more information see Cambodia SEAsite: Khmer Language Learning; Welcome to SEAsite (Center for Southeast Asian Studies)

Chechen Language

English <> Chechen Dictionaries

Russian <> Chechen Dictionary ~ Chechen Etymology Dictionary

Chechen Keyboards

First Year Chechen & Ingush Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

CHECHEN LANGUAGE

Official Language of the Chechen Republic, Russia.

English <> Chechen Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-CHECHEN" "NOKHCHII-INGALS" DICTIONARY AND PHRASEBOOK - Author: Nicholas Awde, Ingush, Chechen Languages, Russia Multimedia English <> Chechen Dictionary and Phrasebook (Text & Images). For more information see Chechen Language or Ingush, Chechen Languages

Russian <> Chechen Dictionary

"CHECHEN-RUSSIAN" "RUSSIAN-CHECHEN" DICTIONARY AND PHRASEBOOK - Ingush, Chechen Languages, Russia Multimedia Chechen <> Russian Dictionary and Phrasebook (Text & Images). For more information see Chechen Language or Ingush, Chechen Languages

Chechen Etymology Dictionary

DATABASE QUERY TO NAKH ETYMOLOGY: CHECHEN ETYMOLOGY, INGUSH ETYMOLOGY - S. Starostin & Hosted by The Tower of Babel Multimedia Checken Etymology Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Etymological Databases; Evolution of Human Language Project or the The Tower of Babel Home Page

Chechen Keyboards

CHECHEN KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Chechen Keyboard (Text & Images).
Chechen Keyboard
"...Here you can write Chechen text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

First Year Chechen & Ingush Courses & Lessons

INGUSH LESSONS - J. Nichols, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Chechen Lessons, Ingush Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Ingush Lessons include
"...The Ingush sound system;
Ingush Phonology and Orthography;
Ingush Grammar;
Useful Phrases in Ingush; etc..."
For more information see The Ingush Language or the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures

CHECHEN LESSONS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Author: Z. Batsiyeva; Computer Aided Language Instruction Group, College of Humanities, University of Arizona Multimedia First Year Chechen Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Chechen Lessons (Ingush Lessons) include
"...Chechen Words (Ingush Lessons);
Chechen Sentences (Ingush Lessons);
Fill-in-the-blank;
Multiple choice;
Ingush Listening Dictation;
Ingush Flashcards; etc..."
For more information see Sample Lessons or the Computer Aided Language Instruction Group

CHINESE LANGUAGE

SEE CHINESE

Chukchi Language (Chukot, Chukchee)

Koryak <> Chukchi Dictionary

First Year Chukchi Courses & Lessons

CHUKCHI LANGUAGE - CHUKCHEE LANGUAGE - CHUKOT LANGUAGES

Spoken in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Siberia (Far Eastern Federal District), Russia.

Koryak <> Chukchi Dictionary

"KORYAK-CHUKCHI" "CHUKCHI-KORYAK" - Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Multimedia Koryak <> Chukchi Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see The Languages and Cultures of Northeast Eurasia or the Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa

First Year Chukchi Courses & Lessons

CHUKCHI ALPHABET - Simon Ager, Omniglot Multimedia Chukchi Alphabet (Text & Images). For more information see Omniglot Index or Omniglot

CHUKCHEE LANGUAGE - A. Spencer, Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K. Multimedia Chukchee Language Course (Text & Images).
Examples of Chukchee Language Course Chapters include
"...Chapter 2. Chukchee Phonology;
Chapter 3. Chukchee Noun Inflection;
Chapter 4. Chukchee Verb Inflection (Finite Conjugation);
Chapter 5. Chukchee Transitivity and Transitivity Alternations;
Chapter 7. Chukchee Verb Morphology (Non-finite Rorms);
Chapter 9. Chukchee Verb Derivation;
Chapter 10. Chukchee Noun Derivation; etc..."
For more information see Andrew Spencer's Home Page or the Department of Language and Linguistics

RUSSIAN-CHUKCHI PHRASEBOOK - Editor: V. Kelkut. Consultant: V. Leontyev, Published by: Magadan Publishing House, 1958; Hosted by Andrey "Efenstor" Pivovarov's Home Page Multimedia Russian-Chukchi Phrasebook (Text & Images).
Available in English, Russian & Chukchi.
For more information see Andrey "Efenstor" Pivovarov's Home Page

Chuvash Language

Russian <> Chuvash Dictionary

Chuvash Keyboards

First Year & Intermediate Chuvash Courses & Manuals

CHUVASH LANGUAGE

One of Two Offical Languages in the Chuvash Republic (Chuvashia), Russia.

Russian <> Chuvash Dictionary

"RUSSINA-CHUVASH" "CHUVASH-RUSSIAN" - Chuvash Republic, Russia Multimedia Russian <> Chuvash Dictionary (Text & Images).

Chuvash Keyboards

CHUVASH KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Chuvash Keyboard (Text & Images).
Chuvash Keyboard
"...Here you can write Chuvash text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

CHUVASH KEYBOARD - Enhanced Modern Turkish Keyboards, Isa Sari Multimedia Chuvash Keyboard - Enhanced Modern Turkish Keyboards (Text & Images).
Click on "Chuvash Turkish" for Chuvash Keyboard.
For more information see Isa Sari's Home Page

First Year & Intermediate Chuvash Courses & Manuals

First Year & Intermediate Chuvash Grammar Courses & Manuals

CHUVASH GRAMMAR - Chuvash People's Website Multimedia Chuvash Grammar Manual (Text & Images).
Examples from over "15" Chuvash Grammar Manual Chapters include
"...Chuvash nouns;
Chuvash Possession expressed in different cases;
Chuvash Pronouns;
Chuvash Adverbs; postpositions; conjunctions; particies; interjections; etc..."
For more information see Chuvash People's Website

Coptic Language

English <> Coptic Dictionary

First Year & Intermediate Coptic Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

COPTIC LANGUAGE

Spoken as a Sacred Language of the Coptic Orthodox and Coptic Catholic Churches.

English <> Coptic Dictionary

"ENGLISH-COPTIC" "COPTIC-ENGLISH" - Authors: A. Makar, F.S. Gerges, G.A. Andrawes, G. Ghaly & S.D. Shenouda; Tenaspi EnremEnKimi Coptic Website Multimedia English <> Coptic Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Tenaspi EnremEnKimi Coptic Website

First Year & Intermediate Coptic Courses & Lessons

First Year & Intermediate Coptic Courses including Literature, Short Stories, etc. with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

COPTIC COURSES, LITERATURE, ETC. (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Authors: A. Makar, F.S. Gerges, G.A. Andrawes, G. Ghaly & S.D. Shenouda; Tenaspi EnremEnKimi Coptic Website Multimedia Coptic Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Coptic Courses Lessons include
"...Coptic Grammar Lessons;
Coptic Pronunciation Lessons; etc..."
Coptic Short Stories;
Coptic Literature; etc.

Creole Languages

HAITIAN CREOLE LANGUAGE

English <> Haitian Creole Dictionary

Basic Haitian Creole Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

LOUISIANA CREOLE LANGUAGE,

FRENCH CREOLE LANGUAGE & CAJUN FRENCH LANGUAGE

English <> Cajun French Dictionary

Basic French Creole Lessons - Basic Louisiana Creole Lessons

First Year Louisiana Creole Courses & Lessons

French Creole Music, Literature, etc.
Louisiana Creole Music, Literature, etc.
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

CREOLE LANGUAGES

HAITIAN CREOLE LANGUAGE, LOUISIANA CREOLE LANGUAGE, FRENCH CREOLE LANGUAGE, CAJUN FRENCH LANGUAGE

HAITIAN CREOLE LANGUAGE

English <> Haitian Creole Dictionary

"ENGLISH-CREOLE" "KREYOL-ANGLE" - Kreyol.Com, Hertz Nazaire Multimedia English <> Haitian Creole Dictionary, Kreyol Dictionary (Text & Images).
Also includes:
"...Haitian Creole Pronunciation Key (Kreyol Pronunciation) and Haitian Creole Phrases (Kreyol Phrases)..."
For more information see Kreyol

Basic Haitian Creole Lessons

HAITIAN CREOLE LESSONS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - New Missions Multimedia Haitian Creole Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Includes 7 Audio Haitian Creole Lessons
For more information see New Missions

LOUISIANA CREOLE LANGUAGE, FRENCH CREOLE LANGUAGE, CAJUN FRENCH LANGUAGE

English <> Cajun French Dictionary

"ENGLISH-CAJUN FRENCH" CAJUN FRENCH-ENGLISH" GLOSSARY (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Under Direction of A. LaFleur, Department of French Studies, Louisiana State University Multimedia English <> Cajun French Glossary - Glossaire Cadien-Anglais (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Pronociation
"...The upper-case letters in brackets at the beginning of some entries are meant to serve as a rough guide to the pronunciation of words using an English-based spelling system. We are using an English-based system since most of our students are native English speakers, but you should keep in mind that French pronunciation has traits that make such a comparison only approximative...."
For more information see Department of French Studies

Basic French Creole Lessons - Basic Louisiana Creole Lessons

KOURI-VINI - LOUISIANA CREOLE LESSONS Multimedia Louisiana Creole Lessons - Kouri-Vini Lessons (Text & Images).
French Creole Lessons - Louisiana Creole Lessons include:
"...Creole Alphabet;
Creole Numbers;
Creole Salutations;
Creole Colors;
Creole Fruits Crops;
Creole Day, Time & Weather; etc..."

First Year Louisiana Creole Courses & Lessons

CONJUGATE KREYOL LOUISIANNE VERBS - Verbix Multimedia Conjugate Kreyol Louisianne Verbs (Text & Images). For more information see On-line Conjugator or Verbix

French Creole Music, Literature, etc. - Louisiana Creole Music, Literature, etc.

FRENCH CREOLE - LOUISIANA CREOLE MUSIC, LITERATURE, ETC. (QUICKTIME) - French Creoles of America Multimedia French Creole Music, Literature, etc. - Louisiana Creole Music, Literature, etc. (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).

Croatian Language

English <> Croatian Dictionaries

English <> Croatian and English & Croatian to other Languages

Croatian Language Dictionaries ~ Croatian Keyboards

Basic Croatian Lessons & Spelling Checkers
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Croatian Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Croatian Literature & Poetry

CROATIAN LANGUAGE - HRVATSKO JEZIK

Official Language of the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska).

English <> Croatian Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-CROATIAN" "HRVATSKO-ENGLESKI" - Bosiljak d.o.o., Croatia Multimedia English <> Croatian Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Dictionary or Bosiljak

"ENGLISH-CROATIAN" "HRVATSKO-ENGLESKI" - G. Igaly, Croatian English Dictionary, PMF-Matematièki odjel, Croatia; Support by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of Croatia Multimedia English <> Croatian Dictionary (Text & Images).

"ENGLISH-CROATIAN" "HRVATSKO-ENGLESKI" - Stjepan Glibo, Croatia Multimedia English <> Croatian Dictionary & Word & Text Translation (Text & Images).

"ENGLISH-CROATIAN" "HRVATSKO-ENGLESKI" - Tomislav Kuzmic, Croatia Multimedia English <> Croatian Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see TKuzmic

English <> Croatian and English & Croatian to other Languages

"ENGLISH-CROATIAN" "HRVATSKO-ENGLESKI" AND BELARUSIAN, BULGARIAN, CROATIAN, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HUNGARIAN, ICELANDIC, ITALIAN, LATIN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, MACEDONIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SLOVENIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, UKRAINIAN - Valentyn Solomko, Slovnyk.org Multimedia English <> Croatian Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Slovnyk.org

"ENGLISH-CROATIAN" "HRVATSKO-ENGLESKI" AND ENGLISH < > ALBANIAN, ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE TRADITIONAL, CROATIAN, CZECH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HEBREW, HUNGARIAN, INDONESIAN, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, PERSIAN (FARSI), POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TAGALOG, THAI, TURKISH, UKRAINIAN, VIETNAMESE & YIDDISH - Ectaco Corporate Center, N.Y. Multimedia English <> Croatian Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Online Dictionaries; Ectaco U.K. or Ectaco U.S.

Croatian Language Dictionaries

HRJECNIK DICTIONARY - G. Igaly. Croatian Dictionary, PMF-Matematièki odjel, Croatia; Support by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of Croatia Multimedia Croatian Dictionary (Text & Images). Goran Igaly's Page

Interactive Croatian Keyboards

CROATIAN KEYBOARD - HRVATSKI KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Croatian Keyboard - Hrvatski Keyboard (Text & Images).
Croatian Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Croatian Lessons & Spelling Checkers

Basic Croatian Lessons with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

BASIC CROATIAN (REAL PLAYER) - Five College Center for the Study of World Languages, Five Colleges, Incorporated Multimedia Basic Croatian Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Basic Croatian Lessons include
"...Croatian Greetings and Introductions;
Asking for Croatian Directions;
Croatian Useful Expressions;
Croatian Emergencies;
Croatian Numbers; etc..."
For more information see Five Colleges, Incorporated

Basic Croatian Lessons with Text & Images

BASIC CROATIAN - Croatian Language Guide Editors, and hosted by CARNet & the Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb Multimedia Basic Croatian Lessons (Text & Images).
Basic Croatian Lessons include
"...Croatian Alphabet;
Croatian Pronunciation;
Croatian Numbers;
Croatian General Expressions;
Croatian Common Phrases; etc...."
For more information see Croatia

Croatian Spelling & Croatian Spelling Checkers

CROATIAN SPELL CHECKER - TextTrust Multimedia Croatian Spell Checker - Hrvaski Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see TextTrust

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Croatian Courses & Lessons

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Croatian Courses with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

CROATIAN (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS), Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC), Monterey, California Multimedia First Year Courses, Intermediate Croatian Course & Advanced Croatian Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Click on "Croatian", then "Proficiency Level" and then Skill/Modality".
All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:
"...Lexical (Croatian Vocabulary),
Structure (Croatian Grammar),
Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Croatian Conversations, etc.)..."
First Year Croatian (1) includes over "5" Croatian Listening Lessons & Croatian Reading Lessons;
First Year Croatian (1+) includes over "7" Croatian Listening Lessons & Croatian Reading Lessons;
Intermediate Croatian (2) includes over "70" Croatian Listening Lessons & Croatian Reading Lessons;
Intermediate Croatian (2+) includes over "20" Croatian Listening Lessons & Croatian Reading Lessons.
Advanced Croatian (3) includes over "15" Croatian Listening Lessons & Croatian Reading Lessons.
For more information see the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Croatian Grammar Course

A HANDBOOK OF BOSNIAN, SERBIAN AND CROATIAN GRAMMAR - Wales Brown & Theresa Alt, SEELRC 2004; The Salvic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC) Multimedia A Handbook of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian Grammar - PDF, 111 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of "A Handbook of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian Grammar" include
"...Sound System;
Morphology (Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, etc.);
Syntax (Element order in declarative sentences; Subordination, etc.);
Vocabulary;
Text Samples; etc..."
For more information see Reference Grammar Network or The Salvic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC)

Croatian Literature & Poetry

CROATIAN POETRY - Poetry International Multimedia Croatian Poetry (Text & Images). For more information see Poetry International

CROATIAN POETRY - American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages (AATSEEL) Multimedia Croatian Poetry (Text & Images). For more information see the American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages (AATSEEL)

Czech Language

English <> Czech Language Dictionaries

English <> Czech and Czech to other Languages

English <> Czech Dictionaries and English & Czech to other Languages

English <> Czech Word, Text & Website Translation and English & Czech to other Languages

Czech Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech)
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Czech Keyboards

Basic Czech Lessons, Lectures & Czech Spelling Checkers
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Czech Courses
and Courses in Grammar, Reading, Listening, Linguistics, etc.
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Czech Literature & Poetry
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

CZECH LANGUAGE - CESKY JAZYK

Official Language of the Czech Republic.

English <> Czech Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-CZECH" "CESKY-ANGLICKO" - Authors: O. Vrtel & M. Vit, Technical University of Brno, Czech Republic Multimedia English <> Czech Dictionary (Text & Images).

"ENGLISH-CZECH" "CESKY-ANGLICKO" - Wordbook, Czech Republic Multimedia English <> Czech Dictionary (Text & Images).

English <> Czech and Czech to other Languages

"ENGLISH-CZECH" "CESKY-ANGLICKO AND CZECH <> GERMAN, FRENCH, ITALIAN, LATIN, RUSSIAN & SPANISH" - Authors: O. Vrtel & M. Vit, Technical University of Brno, Czech Republic Multimedia English <> Czech Dictionary & Czech <> Other Languages (Text & Images).

"ENGLISH-CZECH" "CESKY-ANGLICKO" AND CZECH <> FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN, POLISH, ROMANIAN & RUSSIAN - On-Line Slovníky WinGED, REWIN, s.r.o., Czech Republic Multimedia English <> Czech Dictionary & Czech <> Other Languages (Text & Images).
Includes Keyboards for Each Language.
For more information see REWIN

""ENGLISH-CZECH" "CESKY-ANGLICKO" AND CZECH <> FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN & SPANISH - Seznam, Czech Republic Multimedia English <> Czech Dictionary & Czech <> Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Seznam

"CZECH <> ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE, CZECH, ENGLISH, ESTONIAN, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NEDERLANDS, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH & TURKISH" - Alexandria Multimedia Czech to Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Memodata

English <> Czech Dictionaries and English & Czech to other Languages

"ENGLISH-CZECH" "CESKY-ANGLICKO" AND ENGLISH <> ALBANIAN, ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE TRADITIONAL, CROATIAN, CZECH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HEBREW, HUNGARIAN, INDONESIAN, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, PERSIAN (FARSI), POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TAGALOG, THAI, TURKISH, UKRAINIAN, VIETNAMESE & YIDDISH - Ectaco Corporate Center, N.Y. Multimedia English <> Czech Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Online Dictionaries; Ectaco U.K. or Ectaco U.S.

"ENGLISH-CZECH" "CESKY-ANGLICKO" AND GERMAN, FRENCH & SPANISH - Wordbook, Czech Republic Multimedia English <> Czech Dictionary Other Languages (Text & Images).

"ENGLISH-CZECH" "CESKY-ANGLICKO" AND BELARUSIAN, BULGARIAN, CROATIAN, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HUNGARIAN, ICELANDIC, ITALIAN, LATIN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, MACEDONIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SLOVENIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, UKRAINIAN - Valentyn Solomko, Slovnyk.org Multimedia English <> Czech Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Slovnyk.org

"ENGLISH-CZECH" "CESKY-ANGLICKO" AND ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE, CZECH, ENGLISH, ESTONIAN, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NEDERLANDS, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH & TURKISH - Alexandria Multimedia English <> Czech Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Memodata

English <> Czech Word, Text & Website Translation and English & Czech to other Languages

"ENGLISH-CZECH" "CZECH-ENGLISH" AND CZECH & ENGLISH TO OVER "36" OTHER LANUAGES - Google Multimedia English <> Czech Word, Text & Website Translation and English & Czech to over "36" other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Google

Czech Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech) with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "CZECH - CESKY" - J. Hanika, Czech Republic Multimedia Czech Text-To-Speech (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see The Epos Speech Synthesis System

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "CZECH (CESKY)" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "BASQUE, CATALAN, CHINESE, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ENGLISH, FRENCH, GALICIAN, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TURKISH & VALENCIAN - Oddcast Inc. Multimedia Czech Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Text-to-Speech (TTS) or Oddcast Inc.

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "CZECH (CESKY)" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "ARABIC, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH (BELGIAN & NETHERLANDS), ENGLISH (BRITISH & U.S.), FRENCH & CANADIAN FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, SPANISH (SPAIN & NORTH AMERICAN), SWEDISH & TURKISH" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES - Acapela Group, Belgium, France & Sweden Multimedia Czech Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see the Acapela Group

Interactive Czech Keyboards

TYPE ANY TEXT WITH CZECH CHARACTERS - Type It, Tomasz P. Szynalski Multimedia Interactive Online Czech Keyboard (Text & Images).
Interactive Online Czech Keyboard
"...allows you to easily type Czech characters without a Czech keyboard. You can edit your text in the box and then copy it to your..."
For more information see Type It

CZECH KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Czech Keyboard (Text & Images).
Czech Keyboard
"...Here you can write Czech text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

CZECH KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Czech Keyboard (Text & Images).
Czech Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Czech Lessons, Lectures & Czech Spelling Checkers

Basic Czech Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

CZECH LANGUAGE (REAL PLAYER) - Local Lingo L.L.C. Multimedia Czech Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Czech Lessons include
"...Czech Alphabet with Audio Pronunciation for each Letter;
Czech Short Vowels with Audio Pronunciation for each Letter & Word Examples;
Czech Long Vowels with Audio Pronunciation for each Letter & Word Examples;
Czech Phrases & Czech Vocabulary;
Czech Grammar Basics (Czech Verbs, Czech Nouns; Czech Pronouns; etc.);
Czech Language Tests & Exercises; etc..."

CZECH PRONUNCIATOR (REAL PLAYER) - J. Janecka, Fort Worth, Texas Multimedia Czech Pronunciation Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Czech Lessons with Audio Pronunciation for each Word or Phrase include
"...Czech Single Word Questions, Answers, Greetings;
Czech Phrases and Words; etc..."
For more information see Czech Stuff or Good Ole Joe's Home Page

CZECH MINI PHRASEBOOK (REALPLAYER) - My Czech Republic, Local Lingo L.L.C. Multimedia Czech Pronunciation Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Czech Lessons with Audio Pronunciation for each Word or Phrase include
"...Czech Social Interaction;
Czech Greetings;
Czech Transportation;
Czech Getting Directions; etc..."
For more information see My Czech Republic

Czech Spelling Lessons & Czech Spelling Checkers

CZECH SPELL CHECKER - TextTrust Multimedia Czech Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see TextTrust

Czech Writing

CZACCENT - T. Zrusek, Natural Language Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Multimedia First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Czech Writing Lessons (Text & Images).
First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Czech Writing Lessons
"...add Czech diacritics to plain text..."
For more information see the Natural Language Processing Laboratory or the Faculty of Informatics

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Czech Courses and Courses in Grammar, Reading, Listening, Linguistics, etc.

Czech Reading & Listening Course

BROWN UNIVERSITY ON-LINE CZECH LITERARY ANTHOLOGY - Language Resource Center (LRC), Department of Slavic Languages, Brown University Multimedia Czech Reading & Listening Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Brown University On-Line Czech Literary Anthology
"...This site is an annotated anthology of selected Czech literary texts. It currently provides 22 texts, accompanied by audio files in Czech and other tools for reading..."
For more information see the Czech Resources; Language Resources; Language Resource Center (LRC) or the Department of Slavic Languages

Czech Grammar Grammar Courses, Lessons, Grammar Dictionaries, etc.

VALENCY LEXICON OF CZECH VERBS - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Multimedia First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Czech Verbs (Text & Images).
Valency Lexicon of Czech Verbs
"...is a collection of linguistically annotated data and documentation, resulting from an attempt at formal description of valency frames of Czech verbs..."
For more information see the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

CZECH GRAMMAR & PRONUNCIATION - Department of Slavic Languages & Literatures, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan Multimedia Czech Grammar & Czech Pronuncation Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Slavic Web Based Languages; Department of Slavic Languages & Literatures or the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts

CZECH GRAMMAR COURSE - The Slavic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC), Duke University Multimedia Czech Grammar Course (Text & Images).
Czech Grammar Lessons include
"...Czech Adjectives; Czech Articles; Czech Conjunctions;
Czech Nouns; Czech Verbs; Czech Syntax; etc..."
For more information see Reference Grammar Network or The Slavic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC)

CZECH GRAMMATICAL DICTIONARY - J. Poradna, Czech Republic Multimedia Czech Grammatical Dictionary (Text & Images).
In Czech.

Czech/Cesky Morphological Analysis, Etymology, etc.

CZECH/CESKY MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYZER - MultiLingual Theory and Technology (MLTT), Xerox Research Centre Europe (XRCE), Xerox Corporation
"...Enter a Czech sentence (max. 500 characters) and Analyze the Text.."
Czech Morphological Analyzer includes:
Morphology (Parts-of-Speech & Minor Categories: number, tense, subsclass etc...);
Part-of-Speech Tagset (Adjectives, Comparative Adverbs, Coordination Adverbs etc..);
Tokenization..."
For more information see Morphological analysis, tokenization & disambiguation (14 languages); XRCE Research - Demos; Research or Xerox Research Centre Europe (XRCE)

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CZECH WORD FORMS - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Multimedia Morphological Analysis of Czech Word Forms (Text & Images). For more information see Online Demos or the the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

Czech Linguistics

CZECH LINGUISTICS (QUICKTIME, REAL PLAYER) - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Multimedia First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Czech Linguistics (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Czech Linguistics include
"...Computational Lexical Semantics; Compositionality; Syntactic Parsing etc..."
For more information see the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

Czech Literature & Poetry

CZECH LITERATURE ON THE INTERNET (CESKA LITERATURA NA INTERNETU) - ceskaliteratura.cz Multimedia First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Czech Literature (Text & Images).

CZECH AND SLOVAK LITERATURE - J.D. Naughton, Czech at Oxford, Faculty of Medieval & Modern Languages, Oxford University In Czech & English. Multimedia First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Czech Literature & Lessons (Text & Images). For more information see Czech and Slovak Literature Resources; James D. Naughton's Pages; Czech at Oxford or the Faculty of Medieval & Modern Languages

Danish Language

English <> Danish Dictionaries & Danish to other Languages

Danish Language Dictionaries

English <> Danish Dictionaries and English & Danish to other Languages

English <> Danish Word, Text & Website Translation
and English & Danish to other Languages

Danish Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech)
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Danish Keyboards

Basic Danish Lessons & Spelling Checkers
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year Danish Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Danish Literature & Poetry
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

For Old Danish Dictionaries, Courses, etc. see
OLD NORSE LANGUAGES

DANISH LANGUAGE - DANSK SPROG

Old Danish (Old Norse)

FOR OLD DANISH (OLD NORSE) DICTIONARIES, COURSES, LESSONS, LITERATURE, ETC. SEE OLD NORSE

English <> Danish Language Dictionaries & Danish to other Languages

"ENGLISH-DANISH" "DANSK-ENGELSK" AND DANISH (DANSK) TO FRENCH (FRANSK), GERMAN (TYSK) & SWEDISH (SVENSK) - Ordbogen.com, Denmark Multimedia English <> Danish Dictionary and Danish to French, German & Swedish (Text & Images).

"ENGLISH-DANISH" "DANSK-ENGELSK" AND DANISH (DANSK) TO FRENCH (FRANSK), GERMAN (TYSK) & SPANISH (SPANSK) - Gyldendal A/S, Denmark Multimedia English <> Danish Dictionary and Danish to French, German & Spanish (Text & Images).

Danish Language Dictionaries

DANISH DICTIONARY - Ordnet, Denmark Multimedia Danish Dictionary - Dansk Dictionary (Text & Images).

RETSKRIVNINGSORDBOGEN PÅ NETTET - Retskrivningsordbogen, Denmark Multimedia Dansk Dictionary (Text & Images).
In Danish.

English <> Danish Dictionaries and English & Danish to other Languages

"ENGLISH-DANISH" "DANSK-ENGELSK" AND BELARUSIAN, BULGARIAN, CROATIAN, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HUNGARIAN, ICELANDIC, ITALIAN, LATIN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, MACEDONIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SLOVENIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, UKRAINIAN - Valentyn Solomko, Slovnyk.org Multimedia English <> Danish Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Slovnyk.org

English <> Danish Word, Text & Website Translation and English & Danish to other Languages

"ENGLISH-DANISH" "DANISH-ENGLISH" AND DANISH & ENGLISH TO OVER "36" OTHER LANUAGES - Google Multimedia English <> Danish Word, Text & Website Translation and English & Danish to over "36" other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Google

Danish Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech) & other Languages with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "DANISH (DANSK)" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "BASQUE, CATALAN, CHINESE, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ENGLISH, FRENCH, GALICIAN, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TURKISH & VALENCIAN - Oddcast Inc. Multimedia Danish Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Text-to-Speech (TTS) or Oddcast Inc.

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "DANISH (DANSK)" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "ARABIC, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH (BELGIAN & NETHERLANDS), ENGLISH (BRITISH & U.S.), FRENCH & CANADIAN FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, SPANISH (SPAIN & NORTH AMERICAN), SWEDISH & TURKISH" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES - Acapela Group, Belgium, France & Sweden Multimedia Danish Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see the Acapela Group

Interactive Danish Keyboards

DANISH KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Danish Keyboard - Dansk Keyboard (Text & Images).
Danish Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

DANISH KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Danish Keyboard - Dansk Keyboard (Text & Images).
Danish Keyboard
"...Here you can write Danish text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

Basic Danish Lessons & Spelling Checkers

Basic Danish Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

DANISH LESSONS (FLASH) - Speakdanish, iSpeakit, Denmark Multimedia Danish Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Lesson 1 is online.
"...This course is geared towards getting you to speak Danish as quickly as possible, by letting you train some of the most common phrases and words you'll hear in Denmark..."

Danish Word & Text Spelling Checkers

DANISH WORD & TEXT SPELL CHECKER - Visual Interactive Syntax Learning, University of Southern Denmark - Syddansk Universitet Multimedia Danish Word & Text Spelling Checker (Text & Images). For more information see Danish Tools; Danish VISL or Visual Interactive Syntax Learning

DANISH SPELL CHECKER - TextTrust Multimedia Danish Spell Checker - Dansk Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see TextTrust

First Year Danish Courses & Lessons

Danish Vocabulary Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

DANISH AUDIO VOCABULARY LESSONS - Colin Renfrew & Paul Heggarty, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge Multimedia Danish Audio Vocabulary Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Browse down to "Scandinavian" and then Click on Danish.
For more information see Language & Origins in Europe or the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research

Danish Grammar Courses with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

DANISH GRAMMAR (QUICKTIME & REAL PLAYER) - J. Madsen, Denmark Multimedia Danish Grammar Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Danish Grammar Course includes
"...Danish Alphabet; Danish Pronunciation;
Danish Pronunciation (Danish Alphabet with Audio Pronunciation for each Letter);
Danish Grammar (Danish Nouns; Danish Adjectives; Danish Numerals; Danish Verbs; etc.); etc..."
For more information see John Madsen's Linguistic Home Page

Danish Word & Text Spelling Checkers

DANISH WORD & TEXT SPELL CHECKER - Visual Interactive Syntax Learning, University of Southern Denmark - Syddansk Universitet Multimedia Danish Word & Text Spelling Checker (Text & Images). For more information see Danish Tools; Danish VISL or Visual Interactive Syntax Learning

DANISH SPELL CHECKER - TextTrust Multimedia Danish Spell Checker - Dansk Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see TextTrust

Danish Literature & Poetry

Danish Literature

AKIV FOR DANSK LITTERATUR - Danish Network for Research and Education, Lyngby, Denmark Multimedia Danish Literature Collection (Text & Images).

DET KONGELIGE BIBLIOTEK (THE ROYAL LIBRARY)

LITERATURENET - The Danish Literature Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark "...provides various entries to Danish Literature - classic as well as modern..."

MARTIN LUTHER - Ricardt Riis, Denmark In Danish & German. Complete works of Martin Luther Online. For more information see the Ricardt Riis' Home Page (Hjemmeside for Ricardt Riis)

Danish Poetry

DANISH POETRY (REAL PLAYER) - lyrikline.org Multimedia Contemporary Danish Poetry (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Contemporary Danish Poetry
".....lyrikline.org is the platform on the internet on which poems are available to listen to, and to read both in their original languages and various translations..."
For more information see the Lyrikline.org

Dari Language

English <> Dari Dictionaries

Pashto <> Dari Dictionary

Basic Dari Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year Dari Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Intermediate & Advanced Dari Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Pashto Dictionaries, Courses, Lessons, etc.

DARI LANGUAGE - EASTERN PERSIAN

One of Two Official Languages of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and Dari Dialects Spoken in Iran & Pakistan

English <> Dari Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-DARI" "DARI-ENGLISH" DICTIONARY - AfghanMania.com Multimedia English <> Dari Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Dari Dictionary also includes
"...Dari Keyboard..."
For more information see AfghanMania

"ENGLISH-DARI" "DARI-ENGLISH" DICTIONARY - Estragon Multimedia English <> Dari Dictionary (Text & Images).

Pashto <> Dari Dictionary

"DARI-PASHTO" "PASHTO-DARI" AND PASHTO <> ARABIC, DARI, ENGLISH, FRENCH, NORWEGIAN, AND HAVE TEST VERSION FOR OTHER LANGUAGES - Qamosona Multimedia Dari - Pashto Dictionary and other Languages (Text & Images).

Basic Dari Lessons

Basic Dari Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

DARI ALPHABET & PASHTO ALPHABET - Afgnanistan's Web Site Multimedia Dari Alphabet & Pashto Alphabet (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Afgnanistan's Web Site

DARI LESSONS - Asmaee.com Multimedia Dari Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Dari Lessons include
"...Dari Alphabet;
Basis Dari Words; etc..."
For more information see Asmaee

Basic Dari Lessons with Text & Images

DARI LESSONS - AfghanTeens.net Multimedia Dari Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Dari Lessons include
"...Dari Alphabet;
Dari Numbers;
Dari Writing..."
For more information see AfghanTeens.net

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Dari Courses & Lessons

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Dari Courses with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

DARI (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS), Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC), Monterey, California Multimedia Intermediate Dari Course & Advnaced Dari Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Click on "Dari", then "Proficiency Level" and then Skill/Modality".
All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:
"...Lexical (Dari Vocabulary),
Structure (Dari Grammar),
Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Conversations, etc.)..."
Intermediate Dari (2) includes over "42" Dari Listening Lessons & Dari Reading Lessons;
Intermediate Dari (2+) includes over "41" Dari Listening Lessons & Dari Reading Lessons.
Advanced Dari (3) includes over "21" Dari Listening Lessons & Dari Reading Lessons.
For more information see the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center

Dutch Language & Flemish (Belgian Dutch)

English <> Dutch (Engelse <> Nederlands)
and English & Dutch to other Languages

English <> Dutch Word, Text & Website Translation
and English & Dutch to other Languages

Dutch Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech)
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Dutch (Nederlands) Language Dictionaries ~ Dutch <> Russian Dictionary

Flemish - Belgian Dutch Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech)
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Dutch Keyboard - Nederlands Keyboard

Basic Dutch (Nederlands Lessen) Lessons & Dutch Spelling Checkers
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year Dutch Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Dutch Literature
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Dutch Poetry

DUTCH LANGUAGE - NEDERLANDS & FLEMISH - VLAAMS

English <> Dutch (Engelse <> Nederlands) and English & Dutch to other Languages

Dutch <> Hungarian and Hungarian to other Languages

with Dutch & Hungarian Word & Phrarse Audio Pronunciation

"DUTCH-HUNGARIAN" "HONGAARS-NEDERLANDS" AND HUNGARIAN <> DUTCH, ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN & POLISH - This dictionary is maintained by Attila Vonyó & László Drótos and is hosted by MTA SZTAKI, Hungary Multimedia Dutch <> Hungarian Dictionaries with Dutch & Hungarian Word & Phrarse Audio Pronunciation & Hungarian <> Dutch, French, German, Italian & Polish with Word & Phrase Audio Pronunciation in each Language (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see MTA SZTAKI

English <> Dutch (Engelse <> Nederlands) and English & Dutch to other Languages

"ENGLISH-DUTCH" "NEDERLANDS-ENGELSE" AND BELARUSIAN, BULGARIAN, CROATIAN, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HUNGARIAN, ICELANDIC, ITALIAN, LATIN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, MACEDONIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SLOVENIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, UKRAINIAN - Valentyn Solomko, Slovnyk.org Multimedia English <> Dutch Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Slovnyk.org

"ENGLISH-DUTCH" "NEDERLANDS-ENGELSE" AND ENGLISH <> ALBANIAN, ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE TRADITIONAL, CROATIAN, CZECH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HEBREW, HUNGARIAN, INDONESIAN, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, PERSIAN (FARSI), POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TAGALOG, THAI, TURKISH, UKRAINIAN, VIETNAMESE & YIDDISH - Ectaco Corporate Center, N.Y. Multimedia English <> Dutch Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Online Dictionaries; Ectaco U.K. or Ectaco U.S.

English <> Dutch Word, Text & Website (URL's) Translation and English & Dutch to other Languages

"ENGLISH-DUTCH" "NEDERLANDS-ENGELSE" AND ARABIC, CHINESE, DUTCH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, SPANISH & SWEDISH - Systran S.A. Multimedia English <> Dutch Word, Dutch Text & Dutch Website Translation & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Systran

"ENGLISH-DUTCH" "NEDERLANDS-ENGELSE" AND ARABIC, CHINESE, DUTCH, FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN & SPANISHH - Applied Language Multimedia English <> Dutch Word, Dutch Text & Dutch Website Translation & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Applied Language

Also includes

Email Translation

Language Identifier

"ENGLISH-DUTCH" "NEDERLANDS-ENGELSE" AND CHINESE, DUTCH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN & SPANISH AND FRENCH <> DUTCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, PORTUGUESE & SPANISH - Yahoo! Inc. Multimedia English <> Dutch Word, Dutch Text & Dutch Website Translation & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Yahoo

"ENGLISH-DUTCH" "NEDERLANDS-ENGELSE" AND CHINESE, ENGLISH, DUTCH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, KOREAN, JAPANESE, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN & SPANISH - Lexico Publishing Group, LLC Multimedia English <> Dutch Word, Dutch Text & Dutch Website Translation & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Dictionary.com

"ENGLISH-DUTCH" "NEDERLANDS-ENGELSE" AND CHINESE, ENGLISH, DUTCH, FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN, NORWEGIAN, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, & SPANISH - SDL International Multimedia English <> Dutch Word, Dutch Text & Dutch Website Translation & Other Languages (Text & Images).

Dutch Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech) with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "DUTCH (NEDERLANDS)" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES - Fluency, The Netherlands Multimedia Dutch Text-To-Speech (TTS) (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Fluency

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "DUTCH (NEDERLANDS)" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "BASQUE, CATALAN, CHINESE, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ENGLISH, FRENCH, GALICIAN, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TURKISH & VALENCIAN - Oddcast Inc. Multimedia Dutch Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Text-to-Speech (TTS) or Oddcast Inc.

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "DUTCH (NEDERLANDS)" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "CHINESE, CATALAN, DUTCH, ENGLISH (BRITISH & U.S.), FRENCH & CANADIAN FRENCH, GALICIAN, FINNISH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE (BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE & EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE), RUSSIAN, SPANISH (CASTILIAN SPANISH, AMERICAN SPANISH, ARGENTINE SPANISH, CHILEAN SPANISH, MEXICAN SPANISH), SWEDISH, TURKISH, & VALENCIAN" (QUICKTIME) - Loquendo, Torino, Italy Multimedia Dutch Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Loquendo

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "DUTCH (NEDERLANDS)" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "ARABIC, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH (BELGIAN & NETHERLANDS), ENGLISH (BRITISH & U.S.), FRENCH & CANADIAN FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, SPANISH (SPAIN & NORTH AMERICAN), SWEDISH & TURKISH" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES - Acapela Group, Belgium, France & Sweden Multimedia Dutch Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see the Acapela Group

Dutch (Nederlands) Language Dictionaries

DUTCH (NEDERLANDS) DICTIONARY - Van Dale Lexicografie, a Wolters Kluwer NV subsidiary, The Netherlands Multimedia Dutch Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Van Dale Lexicografie

Dutch <> Russian Dictionary

"DUTCH-RUSSIAN" "RUSSIAN-DUTCH" - Multitran, Russia Multimedia Russian <> Dutch Dictionary (Text & Images).

Flemish - Belgian Dutch Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech) & other Languages with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "BELGIAN DUTCH (FLEMISH)" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "ARABIC, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH (BELGIAN & NETHERLANDS), ENGLISH (BRITISH & U.S.), FRENCH & CANADIAN FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, SPANISH (SPAIN & NORTH AMERICAN), SWEDISH & TURKISH" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES - Acapela Group, Belgium, France & Sweden Multimedia Belgian Dutch Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see the Acapela Group

Interactive Dutch Keyboard (Nederlands Keyboard)

DUTCH KEYBOARD - NEDERLANDS KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Dutch Keyboard - Nederlands Keyboard (Text & Images).
Dutch Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

TYPING TEST (TEST UW TYPEVAARDIGHEID) - DUTCH (NEDERLANDS) - TypingMaster, Inc. Multimedia Online Nederlands Typing Test (Text & Images).
"...Met de online TypingMaster Typetest kunt u in enkele minuten uw typevaardigheid gratis testen - gewoon in uw browser..."
For more information see Typing Tests or TypingMaster, Inc.

Basic Dutch (Nederlands Lessen) Lessons & Dutch Spelling Checkers

Basic Dutch (Nederlands Lessen) Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

DUTCH GRAMMAR (QUICKTIME & REAL PLAYER) - Bieneke Berendsen Multimedia Dutch Grammar Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Dutch Grammar Lessons include
"...Dutch Alphabet;
Dutch Spelling & Pronunication;
Dutch Syllables;
Dutch Long Vowels;
Dutch Short Vowels;
Dutch Verbs; etc..."

Basic Dutch (Nederlands Lessen) Lessons with Text & Images

DUTCH FOR BEGINNERS - M. Feenstra, The Netherlands Multimedia Basic Dutch Lessons (Text & Images).
Dutch
"...Dutch is the mother tongue of over 21 million people: almost all of the inhabitants of The Netherlands, about half of the people living in Belgium (those living in Flanders or "Vlaanderen"), and many inhabitants of former Dutch colonies like Suriname..."
Examples of Dutch Lessons include
"...Dutch Alphabet;
Dutch Vocabulary;
Dutch Grammar;
Dutch Numbers; etc..."

Dutch Spelling Lessons & Dutch Spelling Checkers

DUTCH SPELL CHECKER - TextTrust Multimedia Dutch Spell Checker - Nederlands Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see TextTrust

First Year Dutch Courses & Lessons

First Year Dutch Courses with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

DUTCH COURSE (QUICKTIME & REAL PLAYER) - M. Schuffelen, The Netherlandes Multimedia First Year Dutch Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of First Year Dutch Course Lessons include
"...Dutch (Nederlands) Alphabet;
Dutch (Nederlands) Vowels;
Problems in Dutch (Nederlands) Pronunciation and Spelling;
Dutch (Nederlands) Grammar;
Everyday Dutch (Nederlands);
Dutch (Nederlands) Names;
Dutch (Nederlands) Texts;
Dutch (Nederlands) Songs;
Dutch (Nederlands) Poetry; etc..."
For more information see Marco Schuffelen's Home Page

FIRST YEAR DUTCH COURSE - NEDERLANDS COURSE (REAL PAYER, QUICKTIME, WAV) - Taalthuis Multimedia First Year Dutch Course - First Year Nederlands Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of the First Year Dutch Course - First Year Nederlands Course Lessons include
Dutch (Nederlands) Lists & Sounds
"...Dutch (Nederlands) Alphabet Pronunciation & Spelling;
Dutch (Nederlands) Numbers;
Dutch (Nederlands) Phrases for Eating Out, Drinks & Dishes;
Dutch (Nederlands) Phrases for Shopping, Phoning; etc..."
20 Dutch (Nederlands) Lessons including Vocabulary, Grammar, Phrases, etc.
For more information see Taalthuis

DUTCH COURSE - NEDERLANDS COURSE (MP3) - Valley Trail Multimedia First Year Dutch Course - First Year Nederlands Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples from "40" First Year Dutch Course - First Year Nederlands Course Lessons include
"...Dutch (Nederlands) Alphabet;
Dutch (Nederlands) Nouns;
Dutch (Nederlands) Adjectives;
Dutch (Nederlands) Verbs;
Dutch (Nederlands) Adverbs;
Dutch (Nederlands) Preposition;
Dutch (Nederlands) Spelling and Punctuation;
Dutch (Nederlands) Building a Sentence;
Dutch (Nederlands) Phrases; etc..."
For more information see Valley Trail

First Year Dutch Courses with Text & Images

DUTCH COURSE - NEDERLANDS COURSE - Author: Jennifer Wagner Multimedia First Year Dutch Course - First Year Nederlands Course (Text & Images).
Basic Russian Lessons include
"...Basic Russian Phrases;
Russian Pronunciation & Alphabet;
Basic Russian Grammar;
Russian Vocabulary, etc..."
For more information see Indo-European Languages Tutorials

INTEGRAL DUTCH COURSE - NEDERLANDS COURSE - L. Friedland, Knowledge Discovery Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Multimedia First Year Dutch Course - First Year Nederlands Course (Text & Images).
Examples from "12" First Year Dutch Course - First Year Nederlands Course Chpaters include
"...Chapters I: Pronunciation; Vowel sounds; Diphthongs and double vowels; etc.;
Chapter V: Coordinating Conjunctions; Subordinating Conjunctions; Nieuwe woorden; etc.;
Chapter VII: Relative Pronouns; Nieuwe woorden; etc;
Chapter X: Progressive Form; Nieuwe woorden; etc..."
For more information see Lisa Friedland's Home Page

Dutch (Nederlands) Morphological Analysis, Etymology, Grammar, Spelling, etc.

DUTCH (NEDERLANDS) MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYZER - MultiLingual Theory and Technology (MLTT), Xerox Research Centre Europe (XRCE), Xerox Corporation
Dutch Morphological Analyzer
"...Enter a Dutch sentence (max. 500 characters) and Analyze the Text..."
Dutch Morphological Analyzer includes
"...Morphology (Parts-of-Speech & Minor Categories: number, tense, subsclass etc...);
Part-of-Speech Tagset (Adjectives, Comparative Adverbs, Coordination Adverbs etc..);
Tokenization..."
For more information see Morphological analysis, tokenization & disambiguation (14 languages); XRCE Research - Demos; Research or the Xerox Research Centre Europe (XRCE)

Dutch Literature

Dutch Literature with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

DIGITAL LIBRARY OF DUTCH LITERATURE - DIGITALE BIBLIOTHEEK VOOR DE NEDERLANDSE LETTEREN (QUICKTIME & REAL PLAYER) - The Netherlands In Dutch/Nederlands. Multimedia Dutch Literature (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Digital Library of Dutch Literature
"...contains novels, plays and poems, but also articles, reference works, reviews, biographies, portraits, etc..."

Dutch Literature with Text & Images

BELLE VAN ZUYLEN (MADAME DE CHARRIERE) - Hosted by: Leo van Maris & Yvette Went-Daoust, The Netherlands Multimedia Literature of Madame De Charriere (Text & Images). In Nederlands & French.

CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS - Hosted by the: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands Multimedia Literature of Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) (Text & Images).
Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695)
"...is generally regarded to have been one of the most famous and influential scientists of the 17th century. He made important discoveries in the sciences of mathematics, astronomy and physics. Present day physicists still speak of "Huygens' principle" when explaining the propagation of light. Huygens is also known for..."
For more information see Department of Physics & Astronomy

Dutch Poetry

DUTCH POETRY - Poetry International Multimedia Dutch Poetry (Text & Images). For more information see Poetry International

Egyptology - Hieroglyphics

Basic English <> Hieroglyphics Dictionary

Egyptian Name Translators

Intermediate & Advanced English <> Hieroglyphics Dictionary
(contains a listing of all 6900 Hieroglyphics Signs)

Beinlich Wordlist (Handlist of Ancient Egyptian Words)

Hieroglyphics Pronunciation Lessons

Intermediate & Advanced Egyptology
Hieroglyphics Writing Systems & Grammar Lessons

EGYPTOLOGY - HIEROGLYTPHICS

Basic English <> Hieroglyphics Dictionary

"ENGLISH-HIEROGLYPHS" "HIEROGLYPHS-ENGLISH" - P. Sciortino, Hieroglyphs.net, Centerville, Ohio Multimedia English <> Hieroglyphics Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Hieroglyphs Dictionary - English-Egyptian Dictionary
"...The English word(s), transliteration, and hieroglyph code are included for each entry..."
For more information see Hieroglyphs.net

Egyptian Name Translators

EGYPTIAN NAME TRANSLATOR - M. Johns, University of Washington, Bothell, Washington Multimedia English to Hieroglyphics Dictionary - Egyptian Name Translator (Text & Images). For more information see Welcome to the Johns family home page

Intermediate & Advanced English <> Hieroglyphics Dictionary

HIEROGLYPHICA - Edited by: N. Grimal, J. Hallof, D. van der Plas, and hosted as a mirror site via CCER by Hieroglyphes Multimedia Hieroglyphics Dictionary (Text & Images).
The Book Hieroglyphica
"...contains a listing of all 6900 signs available in the Extended Library, a hieroglyphic computer font for Glyph for Windows and MacScribe. The book is devided into two parts. The first part lists all the hieroglyphs in the typeface by their alphanumeric codes. The second part is an authoritative listing of the signs in each category according to formal and functional aspects..."
For more information see Resources; Centre for Computer-aided Egyptological Research or the Universiteit Utrecht

Beinlich Wordlist (Handlist of Ancient Egyptian Words)

BEINLICH WORDLIST SEARCH FORM - N. Strudwick & P. Sciortino, Newton Institute, University of Cambridge, U.K. & Hosted by the Fitzmuseum Museum
Beinlich Wordlist
"...The handlist of Ancient Egyptian words known to Egyptologists as the "Beinlich Wordlist"..."
"...The raw data of the Wordlist is simply the Egyptian word in transliteration, a German translation, and brief references to the Wörterbuch or more recent publications..."
For more information see Fitzmuseum Museum

Hieroglyphics Pronunciation Lessons

THE PRONUNCIATION OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN - K.L. Ross, The Proceedings of the Friesian School Multimedia Intermediate & Advanced Egyptology - Hieroglyphics Pronunciation Lessons (Text & Images).
The Pronunciation of Ancient Egyptian
"...presents and discusses the alphabetic hieroglyphic signs in the order of phonetic type used by scholars. A number of the sounds do not exist in languages like English but still do exist in Arabic, which is distantly related to Egyptian: So Egyptians today can still vocalize sounds from the ancient language that otherwise would be unpronounceable in other modern languages..."
For more information see The Proceedings of the Friesian School

Intermediate & Advanced Egyptology - Hieroglyphics Writing Systems & Grammar Lessons

EGYPTIAN WRITING SYSTEMS AND GRAMMAR (PDF) - S.C. Knight, Carnegie Mellon Multimedia Intermediate Egyptology - Hieroglyphics Writing Systems & Grammar Teaching Module (Text & Images).
Egyptian Writing Systems and Grammar
"...The best-known and most elaborate system of writing used by the pharaonic Egyptians is known as hieroglyphic writing, or hieroglyphs..."
For more information see Student College Egyptology (98-030)

Enets Language

Enets Literature & Poetry

ENETS LANGUAGE - FOREST ENETS LANGUAGE - TUNDRA ENETS LANGUAGE

The Enets inhabit the east bank of the River Yenisey in the western part of the Taimyr Peninsula, Russia.

Enets Literature & Poetry

ENETS TEXT CORPUS - LangueDOC, Hosted by the: Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Moscow State University Multimedia Enets Text Corpus - Enets Literature (Text & Images). For more information see Enets Language; Languages or LangueDOC

Estonian Language

English <> Estonian Dictionaries

Estonian <> to other Languages

English <> Estonian and English & Estonian to other Languages

English <> Estonian Word, Text & Website Translation
and English & Estonian to other Languages

Estonian Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech)
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Estonian Thesaurus ~ Estonian Keyboards

Basic Estonian Lessons (Eestlane lugemispala)
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year Estonian Courses,
Pronunciation Lessons, Spelling Lessons, Spelling Checkers, etc.
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Estonian Literature & Poetry

ESTONIAN LANGUAGE - EESTLANE

Official Language of the Republic of Estonia.

English <> Estonian (Inglise <> Eestlane) Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-ESTONIAN" "EESTLANE-INGLISE" - M. Tiits, Institute of Baltic Studies Multimedia English <> Estonian Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Institute of Baltic Studies

"ENGLISH-ESTONIAN" "EESTLANE-INGLISE" - Aare, Estonia Multimedia English <> Estonian Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Aare

Estonian <> to other Languages

"ESTONIAN <> ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE, CZECH, ENGLISH, ESTONIAN, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NEDERLANDS, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH & TURKISH" - Alexandria Multimedia Estonian to Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Memodata

Estonian <> Russian

"ESTONIAN-RUSSIAN" "RUSSIAN-ESTONIAN" - Multitran, Russia Multimedia Russian <> Estonian Dictionary (Text & Images).

English <> Estonian (Inglise <> Eestlane) and English & Estonian to other Languages

"ENGLISH-ESTONIAN" "EESTLANE-INGLISE" AND ENGLISH <> ALBANIAN, ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE TRADITIONAL, CROATIAN, CZECH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HEBREW, HUNGARIAN, INDONESIAN, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, PERSIAN (FARSI), POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TAGALOG, THAI, TURKISH, UKRAINIAN, VIETNAMESE & YIDDISH - Ectaco Corporate Center, N.Y. Multimedia English <> Estonian Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Online Dictionaries; Ectaco U.K. or Ectaco U.S.

"ENGLISH-ESTONIAN" "EESTLANE-INGLISE" AND ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE, CZECH, ENGLISH, ESTONIAN, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NEDERLANDS, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH & TURKISH - Alexandria Multimedia English <> Estonian Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Memodata

"ENGLISH-ESTONIAN" "EESTLANE-INGLISE" AND BELARUSIAN, BULGARIAN, CROATIAN, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HUNGARIAN, ICELANDIC, ITALIAN, LATIN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, MACEDONIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SLOVENIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, UKRAINIAN - Valentyn Solomko, Slovnyk.org Multimedia English <> Estonian Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Slovnyk.org

English <> Estonian Word, Text & Website Translation & English & Estonian to other Languages

"ENGLISH-ESTONIAN" "EESTLANE-INGLISE" AND ESTONIAN & ENGLISH TO OVER "36" OTHER LANUAGES - Google Multimedia English <> Estonian Word, Text & Website Translation and English & Estonian to over "36" other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Google

Estonian Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech) with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "ESTONIAN" - Eesti Keele Instituut (Institute of the Estonian Language), Tallinn, Estonia Multimedia Estonian Word, Phrasse & Text-To-Speech (TTS) (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see the Institute of the Estonian Language

Estonian Thesaurus

ESTONIAN LANGUAGE THESAURUS (SÜNONÜÜMISOÑASIK) - A. Õim, Institute of Baltic Studies Multimedia Estonian Thesaurus (Text & Images). For more information see Institute of Baltic Studies

Interactive Estonian Keyboards

ESTONIAN KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Estonian Keyboard (Text & Images).
Estonian Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Estonian Lessons (Eestlane lugemispala) & Spelling Checkers

Basic Estonian Lessons (Eestlane lugemispala) with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

ESTONIAN LESSONS (QUICKTIME) - Enge Translations, Estonia Multimedia Estonian Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Estonian Lessons include
"...Estonian Alphabet;
Estonian Pronuncation;
Estonian Numbers;
Estonian Pronouns;
Estonian Verbs & Conjugation;
Estonian Simple Sentences;
Estonian Songs; etc..."

Basic Estonian Lessons (Eestlane lugemispala) with Text & Images

ESTONIAN LESSONS - Speak Estonian, Waverley Internet Design Multimedia Estonian Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Estonian Lessons include
"...Estonian Alphabet;
Estonian Pronunciation;
Estonian Phrases;
Estonian Vocabulary;
Estonian Numbers;
Estonian Verbs; etc..."

Estonian Spelling Lessons & Spelling Checkers

ESTONIAN SPELL CHECKER - TextTrust Multimedia Estonian Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see TextTrust

EESTI KEELE SPELLER - Filosoft, Estonia For more information see Filosoft

First Year Estonian Courses, Pronunciation Lessons, Spelling Lessons, Spelling Checkers, etc.

First Year Estonian Courses with Text, Images, Animations & Audio/Sound

FIRST YEAR ESTONIAN (FLASH) - Department of Lithuanian Studies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithaunia Multimedia First Year Estonian Course (Text, Images, Animations & Audio/Sound).
Examples of First Year Estonian Course Subject Categories include
"...Estonian Vocabulary;
Estonian Grammar;
Estonian Speaking;
Estonian Reading;
Estonian Writing;
Estonian Exercises; etc..."
Estonian Library includes
"...Estonian Phonetics (Estonian Alphabet; etc.);
Estonian Grammar Compendium; etc..."
For more information see Oneness On-Line Language Training Courses; Oneness or the Vilnius University

Estonian Pronunciation Lessons with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

PRONUNCIATION AND MEANING OF ESTONIAN NAMES (WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - E.D. Lawson, Department of Psychology, State University of New York (SUNY), Fredonia, New York Multimedia Pronunciation and Meaning of Estonian Names (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Pronunciation and Meaning of Estonian Names
"...The audio portion of this presentation has been made by Estonian professional actor Margus Tabor working with Film Audio, Ltd. of Tallinn, Estonia with data from the forthcoming article "Estonian Naming Patterns..."
For more information see Edwin D. Lawson's Home Page

Estonian Spelling Lessons & Estonian Spell Checker

EESTI KEELE SPELLER - Filosoft, Estonia For more information see Filosoft

ESTONIAN SPELL CHECKER - TextTrust Multimedia Estonian Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see TextTrust

Estonian Literature & Poetry

ESTONIAN LITERATURE & POETRY - Estonian Literature Information Centre - Eesti Kirjanduse Teabekeskus, Estonia Multimedia Estonian Literature & Poetry Collections (Text & Images).
Estonian Literature & Poetry Collections include
"...Estonian Classics;
Estonian Essays;
Estonian Novels;
Estonian Poetry;
Estonian Short Stories;
Estonian Children's Books; etc..."

Evenki Language

English <> Evenki Dictionary & Russian <> Evenki Dictionary
(and Evenki Literature, Evenki Pronunciation, etc.)
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Russian <> Evenki Dictionary

Intermediate & Advanced Evenki Courses, Textooks & Lessons

EVENKI LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Nothern Siberia, Russia, Northern Mongolia and Northern China.

English <> Evenki Dictionary & Russian <> Evenki Dictionary

"ENGLISH-EVENKI" "EVENKI-ENGLISH" AND "RUSSIAN-EVENKI" "EVENKI-RUSSIAN" - Project Leader: Olga Kazakevich, Laboratory for Computational Lexicography, Research Computer Centre, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Russia Multimedia English <> Evenki Dictionary & Russian <> Evenki Dictionary (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Multimedia Database of Evenki Language also includes
"...Evenki Literature (Evenki Texts);
Evenki Literature Videos;
Sounds of Evenki Language; etc..."
For more information see Multimedia Database of Evenki; Siberian Languages or the Documentation of Endangered Languages, Laboratory for Computer Lexicography, Lomonosov Moscow State University

Russian <> Evenki Dictionary

"EVENKI-RUSSIAN" "RUSSIAN-EVENKI" - Author: G.M.Vasilevich, Hosted by Monumenta Altaica - Altaic Linguistics, Ilya Gruntov, Russia Multimedia Russian <> Evenki Dictionary (25,000 Entries) - PDF (Text & Images). For more information see Manchu-Tungus Dictionaries or Monumenta Altaica - Altaic Linguistics

Intermediate & Advanced Evenki Courses, Textooks & Lessons

Intermediate & Advanced Evenki Grammar Textook

EVENKI GRAMMAR - Author: Igor Nedjalkov, Hosted by Google Books Multimedia Evenki Grammar Textbook, 343 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of Evenki Grammar Textbook Chapters include
"...Evenki Syntax;
Evenki Morphology;
Evenki Phonology;
Evenki Ideophones and Interjections;
Evenki Lexicon; etc..."

Faroese Language (Føryskt)

English <> Faroese Dictionary

Faroese Dictionary

Faroese Keyboards - Føryskt Keyboards

Basic Faroese Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Faroese Courses & Lessons

FAROESE LANGUAGE - FAEROES LANGUAGE - FØRYSKT

Spoken in the Faroe Islands & Denmark.

English <> Faroese Dictionary

"ENGLISH-FAROESE" "FØRYSKT-ENGLISH" - Tim W. Talpas Multimedia English <> Faroese Dictionary (Text & Images).

Faroese Dictionary

FAROESE DICTIONARY - Oroabókagrunnurin, Faroe Islands Multimedia Faroese Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Oroabókagrunnurin

Interactive Faroese Keyboards - Føryskt Keyboards

FAROESE KEYBOARD - FØRYSKT KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Faroese Keyboard - Faeroese Keyboard - FØryskt (Text & Images).
Faroese Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Basic Faroese Lessons

Basic Faroese Vocabulary Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

FAROESE VOCABULARY - Colin Renfrew & Paul Heggarty, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge Multimedia Faroses Vocabulary Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Language & Origins in Europe or the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research

Basic Faroese Lessons with Text & Images

FAROESE - UniLang Community Multimedia Faroese Lessons (Text & Images).
Examples of Faroese Lessons include
Faroese Alphabet;
Faroese Pronunciation;
Faroese Grammar
"...Faroese Nouns;
Faroese Adjectives;
Faroese Verbs;
Faroese Conjunctions; etc..."
Faroese Vocabulary; etc.
For more information see Languages

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Faroese Courses & Lessons

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Faroese Grammar Tools

FAROESE GRAMMAR TOOLS - Sámi Language Technology, University of Tromsø, Norway Multimediat Faroese Grammar Tools (Text & Images)
Faroese Grammar Tools
"...The Faroese tools combine a morphological and morphophonological transducer with the set of lexemes found in Førysk oroabøk into a grammatical parser for Faroese. The morphological coverage is quite good..."
Examples of Faroese Grammar Tools include
Faroese Text Analyzer;
Generate paradigms for Faroese words;
Faroese Word Generator; etc..."
For more information see Sámi Language Technology

Finnish Language

English <> Finnish Dictionaries

English <> Finnish and Finnish to other Languages

English <> Finnish and English & Finnish to other Languages

Finnish Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech)
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Finnish Keyboards (Suomi Keyboards) & Finnish Typing Tests

Basic Finnish Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year Finnish Courses, Grammar Courses, Spelling Checkers, etc.
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

Intermediate & Advanced Finnish Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Finnish Literature & Poetry
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

FINNISH LANGUAGE - SUOMI KIELI

English <> Finnish (Englanti <> Suomi) Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-FINNISH" "SUOMI-ENGLANTI" - Sanakirja.org, Finland Multimedia English <> Finnish Dictionary (Suomi Sanakirja) (Text & Images).

"ENGLISH-FINNISH" "SUOMI-ENGLANTI" - Oy Mediascape Ltd. Multimedia English <> Finnish Dictionary (Suomi Sanakirja) (Text & Images). For more information see Oy Mediascape Ltd.

English <> Finnish (Englanti <> Suomi) and Finnish (Suomi) to other Languages

"ENGLISH-FINNISH" "SUOMI-ENGLANTI" AND RUOTSI (SWEDISH), ESPANJA (SPANISH), HOLLANTI (NEDERLANDS), ITALIA (ITALIAN), JAPANI (JAPANESE), KIINA (CHINESE), LATIA (LATVIAN), LIETTUA (LITHUANIAN), NORJA (NORWEGIAN), PORTUGALI (PORTUGUESE), PUOLA (POLISH), RANSKA (FRENCH), SAKSA (GERMAN), TANSKA (DANISH), TURKKI (TURKISH), UNKARI (HUNGARIAN) AND VIRO (ESTONIAN) - Ilmainen Sanakirja, Finland Multimedia English <> Finnish (Englanti <> Suomi) Dictionary Finnish (Suomi) to other Languages (Text & Images).

English <> Finnish (Englanti <> Suomi) and English & Finnish to other Languages

"ENGLISH-FINNISH" "SUOMI-ENGLANTI" AND BELARUSIAN, BULGARIAN, CROATIAN, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HUNGARIAN, ICELANDIC, ITALIAN, LATIN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, MACEDONIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SLOVENIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, UKRAINIAN - Valentyn Solomko, Slovnyk.org Multimedia English <> Finnish (Englanti <> Suomi) Dictionaries & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Slovnyk.org

"ENGLISH-FINNISH" "SUOMI-ENGLANTI" AND ENGLISH <> ALBANIAN, ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE TRADITIONAL, CROATIAN, CZECH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HEBREW, HUNGARIAN, INDONESIAN, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, PERSIAN (FARSI), POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TAGALOG, THAI, TURKISH, UKRAINIAN, VIETNAMESE & YIDDISH - Ectaco Corporate Center, N.Y. Multimedia English <> Finnish (Englanti <> Suomi) Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Online Dictionaries; Ectaco U.K. or Ectaco U.S.

"ENGLISH-FINNISH" "SUOMI-ENGLANTI" - FinnHun, WebLab Multimedia English <> Finnish Dictionary and Hungarian <> English & Finnish (Text & Images).

Finnish (Suomi) Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-to-Speech) with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "FINNISH" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "CHINESE, CATALAN, DUTCH, ENGLISH (BRITISH & U.S.), FRENCH & CANADIAN FRENCH, GALICIAN, FINNISH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE (BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE & EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE), RUSSIAN, SPANISH (CASTILIAN SPANISH, AMERICAN SPANISH, ARGENTINE SPANISH, CHILEAN SPANISH, MEXICAN SPANISH), SWEDISH, TURKISH, & VALENCIAN" (QUICKTIME) - Loquendo, Torino, Italy Multimedia Finnish Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Loquendo

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "FINNISH" - Bitlips Oy, Finland Multimedia Finnish Text-To-Speech (TTS) (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Bitlips Oy

Interactive Finnish Keyboards (Suomi Keyboards) & Finnish Typing Tests

Interactive Finnish Keyboards (Suomi Keyboards)

FINNISH KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Finnish Keyboard (Text & Images).
Finnish Keyboard (Suomi Keyboard)
"...Here you can write Finnish text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

FINNISH KEYBOARD - SUOMI KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Finnish Keyboard - Suomi Keyboard (Text & Images).
Finnish Keyboard (Suomi Keyboard) allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
Finnish Keyboards include
"...Finnish Keyboard & Finnish Keyboard with Sami..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

Finnish Typing Tests

TYPING TEST (TESTAA SKIRJOITUSTEKNIIKKASI ILAMISEKSI) - FINNISH (SUOMI) - TypingMaster, Inc. Multimedia Online Finnish Typing Test (Text & Images).
"...Tekemällä TypingMasterin kirjoituskokeen voit nopeasti ja täysin ilmaiseksi arvioida kirjoitustaitosi. Kokeen tekemiseksi tarvitset ainoastaan Internet-selaimen..."
For more information see Typing Tests or TypingMaster, Inc.

Basic Finnish (Suomi) Lessonss

Basic Finnish (Suomi) Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

FINNISH FOR FOREIGNERS - TAVATAAN TAAS (QUICKTIME) - M. Kenttälä, J. Wagner & I. Talonen, University of Helsinki Language Centre, University of Helsinki Multimedia Basic Finnish Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Introduction to the Finnish Language is
"... divided into two parts. In the first part, you will be introduced to a number of basic Finnish words used in everyday life. In the second part, you will learn basic grammar..."
For more information see the University of Helsinki Language Centre

INTRODUCTION TO FINNISH (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - P. Rentz Multimedia Basic Finnish Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Finnish Lessons include
"...Finnish Pronunciation (Finnish Alphabet with Audio Pronunciation for each Letter including Vowels, Consonants, Diphthongs, etc.);
Finnish Useful Phrases;
Finnish Numbers;
Finnish Grammar (Finnish Verbs, Finnish Nouns, etc.); etc..."
For more information see Päivi Rentz's Home Page

First Year Finnish Courses, Grammar Course, Spelling Checkers, etc.

First Year Finnish Courses with Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

FIRST YEAR FINNISH (FLASH) - Department of Lithuanian Studies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithaunia Multimedia First Year Finnish Course (Text, Images, Animations, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
First Year Finnish Lessons include
"...Finnish Vocabulary; Finnish Grammar;
Finnish Speaking;
Finnish Reading;
Finnish Writing;
Finnish Exercises; etc..."
Finnish Library includes
"...Finnish Phonetics (Finish Alphabet; etc.);
Finnish Grammar Compendium; etc..."
For more information see Oneness On-Line Language Training Courses; Oneness or the Vilnius University

Finnish Spelling Lessons & Spelling Checkers

FINNISH SPELL CHECKER - TextTrust Multimedia Finnish Spell Checker - Suomi Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see TextTrust

Finnish (Suomi) Grammar Course, Finnish Verb Conjugator, Finnish Morphological Analyzer

FINNISH GRAMMAR - FINNISCHE GRAMMATIK - Panu Mäkinen, Finland Multimedia Finnish Grammar Course - Finnische Grammatik (Text & Images).
Available in Finnish, English & German.
Examples of Finnish Grammar Course Lessons include
"...Finnish Phonology (Finnish Alphabet; Finnish Vowels; Finnish Consonants; etc.);
Finnish Pronouns (Finnish Personal Pronouns; Finnish Demonstrative Pronouns; etc.);
Finnish Verbs;
Finnish Conjunctions; etc..."

FINNISH VERB CONJUGATOR - Verbix Multimedia Finnish Verb Conjugator (Text & Images). For more information see Verbix

FINNISH - SUOMI MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYZER - MultiLingual Theory and Technology (MLTT), Xerox Research Centre Europe (XRCE), Xerox Corporation Multimedia Finnish Morphological Analyzer (Text & Images).
In Finnish/Suomi, French/Français, Swedish/Svenska & English.
Finnish Morphological Analyzer
"...a lexical transducer derived from the Finment description of Finnish morphology..."
For more information see Morphological analysis, tokenization & disambiguation (14 languages); XRCE Research - Demos; Research or the Xerox Research Centre Europe (XRCE)

Intermediate & Advanced Finnish Courses & Lessons

Intermediate & Advanced Finnish Courses with Text, Images & Audio/Sounds

YMMÄRRÄ SUMOEA - Authors: Anna-Liisa Salmela, Jussi Kujansuu & Matti Karjalainen, and hosted by the Finnish National Board of Education Multimedia Intermediate Finnish Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sounds).
In Finnish & English.
Examples of Intermediate Finnish Course Lessons include
"...Finnish Dictionary;
Finnish Pronunciation;
Finnish Grammar;
Finnish Communications;
Finnish Writing; etc..."
For more information see Finnish National Board of Education

Intermediate & Advanced Finnish Courses with Text & Images

KIELENHUOLLON TEORIA - Aloitus, Finland Intermediate Finnish Grammar Course - Kielenhuollon teoria (Text & Images). For more information see Aloitus

Finnish Literature & Poetry

CONTEMPORARY FINNISH POETRY (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - The Nuoren Voiman Liitto (Finnish Literature and Culture Association) and hosted by Electric Verses Multimedia Finnish Poetry (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see the Electric Verses

FINNISH POETRY (REAL PLAYER) - lyrikline.org Multimedia Contemporary Finnish Poetry (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
lyrikline.org is
"...the platform on the internet on which poems are available to listen to, and to read both in their original languages and various translations..."
For more information see the Lyrikline.org

FRENCH LANGUAGE - FRANÇAIS & OLD FRENCH LANGUAGE

SEE FRENCH - FRANÇAIS

Frisian Language

English <> Frisian Dictionary and Frisian to other Languages

First Year Frisian & Saterfrisian Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

FRISIAN LANGUAGE - WEST FRISIAN - SATERLAND FRISIAN - NORTH FRISIAN

West Frisian Spoken in Province of Friesland, Netherlands.
Saterland Frisisn Spoken in the Lower Saxony, Germany.
North Frisian Spoken in North Frisia, Germany.

English <> Frisian Dictionary and Frisian to other Languages

"ENGLISH-FRISIAN" "FRISIAN-ENGLISH" AND DANISH, DUTCH, GERMAN, FRENCH, LATIN, NEDERLANDS & TURKISH - Pyt Kramer Multimedia English <> Frisian Dictionary and Frisian to other Languages (Text & Images).
Frisian Languages
"...are a closely related group of Germanic languages, spoken by about 500,000 members of Frisian ethnic groups, who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany..."

First Year Frisian & Saterfrisian Courses & Lessons

First Year Frisian Course with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

FIRST YEAR FRISIAN COURSE - Pyt Kramer, The Netherlands Multimedia First Year Frisian Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
First Year Frisian Course includes
"...15 Frisian Lessons;
Frisian Grammar Lessons;
Frisian Spelling Lessons; etc..."
For more information see Frisian Courses: Frisian Courses available in English, Danish, German, French, Nederlands, Spanish & Turkish or Frisian

First Year Frisian Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

FRISIAN LESSONS (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Pyt Kramer, The Netherlands Multimedia Frisian Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of Frisian Lessons include
"...The West Frisian Vowel System;
The Saterfrisian Vowel System;
An Old Frisian Poem..."
For more information see the Frisian

WEST FRISIAN: GROU VOCABULARY LESSONS - Colin Renfrew & Paul Heggarty, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge Multimedia West Frisian: Grou Vocabulary Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Click on "English & Frisian" and then W.Frisian: Grou.
For more information see Language & Origins in Europe or the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research

First Year Saterrisian Course with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

FIRST YEAR SATERFRISIAN COURSE - Pyt Kramer with the assistence of Margaretha Grosse Multimedia First Year Saterisian Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Frisian Courses: Frisian Courses available in English, Danish, German, French, Nederlands, Spanish & Turkish or Frisian

Friulan Language

English <> Friulan Dictionary

Basic Friulan Lessons

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Friulan Courses & Lessons

Friulan Literature & Poetry

FRIULAN LANGUAGE

Spoken in the Provinces of Udine, Pordenone and Gorizia in the Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia & in the Province of Trieste.

English <> Friulan Dictionary

"ENGLISH-FRIULAN" "FRIULAN-ENGLISH" - Authors: Gianni Nazzi & Deborah Saidero, San Giorgio Insieme, S. Giorgio della Richinvelda, Italy Multimedia English <> Friulan Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see San Giorgio Insieme

Basic Friulan Lessons

FRIULAN LESSONS - R. Pontisso Multimedia Basic Friulian Lessons (Text & Images).

COURSE OF FRIULIAN - Sandri Carrozzo Multimedia Basic Friulian Lessons (Text & Images).

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Friulan Courses & Lessons

La grafie uficial de lenghe furlane

LA GRAFIE UFICIAL DE LENGHE FURLANE - Osservatori Regjonâl de Lenghe e de Culture Furlanis, Hosted by the Comunità Montana del Gemonese, Canal del Ferro e Val Canale, Italy Multimedia La grafie uficial de lenghe furlane - PDF, 65 Pages (Text & Images). For more information see Linguistici or the Comunità Montana del Gemonese, Canal del Ferro e Val Canale

Friulan Literature & Poetry

FRIULAN LITERATURE - LIBRI FRIULANI E ITALIANI - San Giorgio Insieme, S. Giorgio della Richinvelda, Italy Multimedia Friulan Literature - Libri friulani e italiani (Text & Images). For more information see San Giorgio Insieme

Formosan Languages

English <> Yami Dictionary

First Year Amis, Kavalan, Sakizaya, Saisiyat & Tsou Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Yami Courses & Lesson
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Formosan Languages Literature
including Atayal Literature, Bunun Literature,
Rukai Literature, Saisiyat Literature, Tsou Literature, etc.
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

FORMOSAN LANGUAGES

Includes over 20 Languages Spoken by the Indigenous Peoples within various sections of Taiwan.

English <> Yami Dictionary

"ENGLISH-YAMI" "YAMI-ENGLISH" - Victoria Rau, Yami Language Learning Center, Yami Language Project, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan Multimediat English <> Yami Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Yami Language Learning Center; Yami Language Project or the Providence University

First Year Amis, Kavalan, Sakizaya, Saisiyat & Tsou Lessons

FORMOSAN LANGUAGES LESSONS - NTU Corpus of Formosan Languages, Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Multimedia Formosan Languages Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Formosan Languages with Audio Lessons include
"...Kavalan Audio Lessons;
Saisiyat Audio Lessons;
Tsou Audio Lessons;
Amis Audio Lessons;
Sakizaya Audio Lessons..."
For more information see NTU Corpus of Formosan Languages

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Yami Courses & Lessons

YAMI COURSES - Victoria Rau, Yami Language Learning Center, Yami Language Project, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan Multimediat First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Yami Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound)
First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Yami Courses
"...The learning materials are arranged in three different settings: scenario setting, easy-to-difficult condition setting, and learner's choice setting. The scenario setting uses related scenes in Yami society such as the flying fish festival as a main theme of the learning materials. The easy-to-difficult condition setting allows the learner to select different levels of the Yami language materials. The levels are based on word frequencies and complexity of grammar..."
For more information see Yami Language Project or the Providence University

Formosan Languages Literature including Atayal Literature, Bunun Literature, Rukai Literature, Saisiyat Literature, Tsou Literature, etc.

FORMOSAN LANGUAGES LITERATURE - Academia Sinica, Multimedia Formosan Languages Literature (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Formosan Languages Literature
"...includes over "350" Stories..."
"...The Formosan languages exhibit very rich linguistic diversity and the variations that oppose different dialects/languages are enormous. These languages are extremely useful in comparative work but though they have been known to be on the verge of extinction for years..."
Examples of Formosan Languages with Stories (including Audio for each sentence) include
"...Ethnic Language: Rukai, Dialect: Mantauran;
Ethnic Language: Rukai, Dialect: Tanan;
Ethnic Language: Rukai, Dialect: Tana;
Ethnic Language: Rukai, Dialect: Maga;
Ethnic Language: Tsou, Dialect: Duhtu;
Ethnic Language: Tsou, Dialect: Tfiua;
Ethnic Language: Saisiyat, Dialect: Tungho;
Ethnic Language: Atayal, Dialect: Squliq;
Ethnic Language: Bunun, Dialect: Isbukun; etc...:
For more information see the Formosan Corpus; Formosan Language Archive or the Academia Sinica Formosan Language Archive

Gagauz Language

English <> Gagauz Dictionary

Gagauz Keyboards

GAGAUZ LANGUAGE

The Official Language of Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova.

English <> Gagauz Dictionary

"ENGLISH-GAGAUZ" "GAGAUZ-ENGLISH" - A CONCISE GAGAUZ DICTIONARY - Author: Andras Rajki, Budaest, Hungary Multimedia English <> Gagauz Dictionary - A Concise Gagauz Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Etymological Dictionaries

Gagauz Keyboards

GAGAUZ KEYBOARD - Enhanced Modern Turkish Keyboards, Isa Sari Multimedia Gagauz Keyboard - Enhanced Modern Turkish Keyboards (Text & Images).
Click on "Gagauz Turkish" for Gagauz Keyboard.
For more information see Isa Sari's Home Page

Georgian Language

English <> Georgian Language Dictionaries

Georgian Keyboards

Basic Georgian Lessons

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Georgian Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

GEORGIAN LANGUAGE

Official Language of Georgia and Spoken in Azerbajan, Iran, Turkey & Russia.

English <> Georgian Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-GEORGIAN" "GEORGIAN-ENGLISH" - Kvali Online Magazine, Sakartvel (Republic of Georgia) Multimedia English <> Georgian Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Kvali Online Magazine

"ENGLISH-GEORGIAN" "GEORGIAN-ENGLISH" - B. Sisauri, Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia) Multimedia English <> Georgian Dictionary (Text & Images).
English <> Georgian Dictionary
"...The material design for wide use and is suitable for beginners and more advanced students alike. It contains more then 10 000 words..."

Interactive Georgian Keyboard

GEORGIAN KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Georgian Keyboard (Text & Images).
Georgian Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

GEORGIAN KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Georgian Keyboard (Text & Images).
Georgian Keyboard
"...Here you can write Georgian text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

Basic Georgian Course, Lessons & Lectures

Georgian Writing Lessons with Text, Images & Animations

LEARN HOW TO WRITE GEORGIAN HAND-WRITTEN LETTERS CORRECTLY - Fund Lana Multimedia Georgian Writing Lessons (Text, Images & Animations). For more information see Georgian Language Distance Learning Course

First Year, Intermediate & Advanced Georgian Courses & Lessons

First Year Georgian Courses & Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

THE GEORGIAN LANGUAGE: AN OUTLINE GRAMMATICAL SUMMARY (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - P.J. Hillery, Edinburgh, U.K. Multimedia First Year Georgian Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
First Year Georgian Course includes
"...The Georgian Alphabet (Mkhedruli Alphabet & Asomtavruli Alphabet);
Sounds of Georgian (Consonants; Vowels; Assimilation and Dissimilation; etc.);
Georgian Word Formation;
Georgian Grammar;
Georgian Vocabulary; Georgian Phonetics; etc..."
For more information see Armazi

Intermediate & Advanced Georgian Grammar Course

GEORGIAN: A READING GRAMMAR - Author: Howard I. Aronson, University of Chicago; Publisher: Slavica Publishers, Inc.; Hosted by: The Salvic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC) Multimedia Intermediate & Advanced Georgian Grammar Course (Gerogian: A Reading Grammar) - PDF, 545 Pages (Text & Images).
Examples of "Georgian Grammar" (Gerogian: A Reading Grammar) Course Lessons include
"...Lesson 1. Georgian Phonology;
Lesson 2. Georgian Verbs;
Lesson 5. Georgian Regular Verbs;
Lesson 9. Georgian Irregularities in Conjugation;
Lesson 14. Georgian Peculiarities in the Verbal System;
Georgian <> English Vocabulary; etc..."
For more information see Reference Grammar Network or The Salvic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC)

GERMAN LANGUAGE - DEUTSCH & OLD GERMAN LANGUAGE

SEE GERMAN - DEUTSCH

Gothic Language

Intermediate & Advanced Gothic Dictionaries, Courses & Lessons

Gothic Bible

GOTHIC LANGUAGE

Intermediate & Advanced Gothic Dictionaries, Courses & Lessons

GOTHIC COURSE - Authors: Todd B. Krause and Jonathan Slocum, Linguistics Research Center (LRC), College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Multimedia Gothic Online Course (Text & Images).
Gothic
"...is the language of the earliest literary documents of the Germanic peoples as a whole. The only linguistic remnants of Germanic peoples which antedate Gothic remains are some of the Runic inscriptions, with which the Gothic language shares not a few characteristics because of its general linguistic conservatism. The language itself belongs to what is termed the East Germanic branch of languages,..."
Gothic Course
Gothic Lessons include
"...The Gothic Alphabet, Gothic Sound System;
Over "35" Gothic Grammar Lessons..."
Gothic Reading Lessons include
"...Literary Origins of the Goths; Gothic Reading and Textual Analysis..."
Gothic Base Form Dictionary; Gothic Glossary; etc..."
For more information see Early Indo-European Online: IE Language Families; Early Indo-European Online: Introduction to the Language Lessons; Indo-European Languages and Historical Linguistics or the Linguistics Research Center (LRC)

GOTHIC (QUICKTIME) - German Lexicon Project, Sean Crist & Scanned Documents by David Starner, Department of Linguistics, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Multimedia Gothic Dictionaries, Courses, Lessons, etc. (Text & Images). For more information see Sean Crist's Homepage or the Department of Linguistics

Examples of Gothic Dictionaries, Glossaries & Courses include

Grammar of the Gothic Language
Grammar of the Gothic Language by Joseph Wright Chapters include
"...Gothic Alphabet & Gothic Pronunciation;
Gothic Vowel Sounds;
The Gothic Development of the General Germanic Vowels of Accented Syllables;
Germanic of the Gothic Vowel Sounds;
Declension of Nouns; etc..."

A Comparative Glossary of the Gothic Language
A Comparative Glossary of the Gothic Language by G. H. Balg Chapters

Gotische Grammatik
Gotische Grammatik by Wilhelm Braune Chapters include
"...Die schrift; Die vocale; Die consonanten; Declination der substantiva;
Declination der adjectiva; Pronomian; Conjugation; etc..."

Gothic Bible

GOTHIC BIBLE - Wulfila Project Multimedia Gothic Bible (Text & Images).
Gothic Bible
"...By default the text is presented verse by verse, with selected interlinear translations. Every word is 'clickable', linked to tentative lexical and morphosyntactic analyses..."
For more information see Wulfila Project

Greenlandic Language (Kalallisut)

English <> Greenlandic Dictionary

English <> Danish Dictionary ~ Greenlandic Dictionary

First Year & Intermediate Greenlandic Courses & Lessons

Inuit Language, Inuktitut Language, Iñupiat Language, etc.

GREENLANDIC LANGUAGE

Spoken in Greenland.

English <> Greenlandic Dictionary

"ENGLISH-GREENLANDIC" "KALALLISUT-ENGLISH" - Oqaasileriffik (the Greenland Language Secretariat), Greenland Multimedia Multimedia English <> Greenlandic Dictionary (Kalallisut Dictionary) - Excel Download (Text & Images) For more information see Oqaasileriffik - the Greenland Language Secretariat

English <> Danish Dictionary

"DANISH-GREENLANDIC" "KALALLISUT-DANSK" - Oqaasileriffik (the Greenland Language Secretariat), Greenland Multimedia Multimedia Danish <> Greenlandic Dictionary (Kalallisut Dictionary) (Text & Images) For more information see Oqaasileriffik - the Greenland Language Secretariat

Greenlandic Dictionary

GREENLANDIC ORDBOGÊRAQ (GREENLANDIC DICTIONARY) - Author: Jonathan Petersen, Hosted by Oqaasileriffik (the Greenland Language Secretariat), Greenland Multimedia Multimedia Greenlandic Ordbogêraq - Greenlandic Dictionary - Word Download (Text & Images) For more information see Oqaasileriffik - the Greenland Language Secretariat

First Year & Intermediate Greenlandic Courses & Lessons

First Year & Intermediate Greenlandic Grammar Lessons & Tools

GREENLANDIC WORD ANALYZER - Oqaasileriffik (the Greenland Language Secretariat), Greenland Multimedia Greenlandic Word Analyzer - Greenlandic Grammar Tools (Text & Images) For more information see Oqaasileriffik - the Greenland Language Secretariat

Greek Language & Ancient Greek, Biblical Greek

New Testament Greek, Classical Greek

English <> Greek Dictionaries

Greek <> to other Languages

English <> Greek and English & Greek to other Languages

English <> Greek Word, Text & Website Translation
and English & Greek to other Languages

Greek Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-To-Speech)
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Greek Keyboards & Classical Greek Keyboards

Basic Greek Lessons
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

First Year Greek Courses & Lessons, Grammar Courses & Texbooks, Spelling Checkers, etc.
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

First Year New Testament Greek Pronunciation & Reading Course
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Intermediate & Advanced Greek Courses & Grammar Courses & Textbooks
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Intermediate & Advanced Greek Prose & Poetry Courses
(Text, Images & Audio/Sound)

Intermediate & Advanced Classical Courses

Intermediate & Advanced New Testament Greek Courses

Greek Literature & Poetry

GREEK LANGUAGE & ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE, CLASSICAL GREEK LANGUAGE,

BIBLICAL GREEK LANGUAGE, NEW TESTAMENT GREEK LANGUAGE

English <> Greek Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-GREEK" "GREEK-ENGLISH" - Kypros-Net, Inc, Cyprus Multimedia English <> Greek Dictionary (Text & Images).
Other Kypros-Net Greek Modules include
"...Ancient Greek Dictionary;
Greek Spell Checker;
Greek Fonts;
Learn to speak Greek Lessons..."
For more information see The Home of Cyprus

"ENGLISH-GREEK" "GREEK-ENGLISH" - in.gr, Lambrakis Press, S.A., Greece Multimedia English <> Greek Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see in.gr or Lambrakis Press

"ENGLISH-GREEK" - The Perseus Digital Project, Turts University Multimedia English to Greek Dictionary (Text & Images).
"...Type in an English word to find the Greek dictionary definitions that contain it..."
For more information see Lexica or The Perseus Digital Project

Greek <> to other Languages

"GREEK <> ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE, CZECH, ENGLISH, ESTONIAN, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NEDERLANDS, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH & TURKISH" - Alexandria Multimedia Greek to Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Memodata

English <> Greek and English & Greek to other Languages

"ENGLISH-GREEK" "GREEK-ENGLISH" AND ENGLISH <> ALBANIAN, ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE TRADITIONAL, CROATIAN, CZECH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HEBREW, HUNGARIAN, INDONESIAN, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, PERSIAN (FARSI), POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TAGALOG, THAI, TURKISH, UKRAINIAN, VIETNAMESE & YIDDISH - Ectaco Corporate Center, N.Y. Multimedia English <> Greek Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Online Dictionaries; Ectaco U.K. or Ectaco U.S.

"ENGLISH-GREEK" "GREEK-ENGLISH" AND BELARUSIAN, BULGARIAN, CROATIAN, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, HUNGARIAN, ICELANDIC, ITALIAN, LATIN, LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN, MACEDONIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SERBIAN, SLOVAK, SLOVENIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, UKRAINIAN - Valentyn Solomko, Slovnyk.org Multimedia English <> Greek Dictionary & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Slovnyk.org

"ENGLISH-GREEK" "GREEK-ENGLISH" AND ARABIC, BULGARIAN, CHINESE, CZECH, ENGLISH, ESTONIAN, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NEDERLANDS, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH & TURKISH - Alexandria Multimedia English <> Greek Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Memodata

English <> Greek Word, Text & Website Translation and English & Greek to other Languages

"ENGLISH-GREEK" "GREEK-ENGLISH" AND GREEL & ENGLISH TO OVER "36" OTHER LANUAGES - Google Multimedia English <> Greek Word, Text & Website Translation and English & Greek to over "36" other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Google

"ENGLISH-GREEK" "GREEK-ENGLISH" AND CHINESE, DUTCH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN & SPANISH - Babel Fish, Yahoo Multimedia English <> Greek Word, Greek Text & Greek Website Translation & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Yahoo

"ENGLISH-GREEK" "GREEK-ENGLISH" AND CHINESE, ENGLISH, DUTCH, FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, KOREAN, JAPANESE, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN & SPANISH - Lexico Publishing Group, LLC Multimedia English <> Greek Word, Greek Text & Greek Website Translation & Other Languages (Text & Images). For more information see Dictionary.com

Greek Word, Phrase & Text Pronunciation (Text-To-Speech) & other Languages with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "GREEK" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "CHINESE, CATALAN, DUTCH, ENGLISH (BRITISH & U.S.), FRENCH & CANADIAN FRENCH, GALICIAN, FINNISH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE (BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE & EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE), RUSSIAN, SPANISH (CASTILIAN SPANISH, AMERICAN SPANISH, ARGENTINE SPANISH, CHILEAN SPANISH, MEXICAN SPANISH), SWEDISH, TURKISH, & VALENCIAN" (QUICKTIME) - Loquendo, Torino, Italy Multimedia Greek Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Loquendo

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "GREEK" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "BASQUE, CATALAN, CHINESE, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH, ENGLISH, FRENCH, GALICIAN, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, SPANISH, SWEDISH, TURKISH & VALENCIAN - Oddcast Inc. Multimedia Greek Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see Text-to-Speech (TTS) or Oddcast Inc.

WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH: "GREEK" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES AND WORD OR TEXT-TO-SPEECH FOR "ARABIC, CZECH, DANISH, DUTCH (BELGIAN & NETHERLANDS), ENGLISH (BRITISH & U.S.), FRENCH & CANADIAN FRENCH, GERMAN, GREEK, ITALIAN, NORWEGIAN, POLISH, PORTUGUESE, RUSSIAN, SPANISH (SPAIN & NORTH AMERICAN), SWEDISH & TURKISH" - MALE AND/OR FEMALE VOICES - Acapela Group, Belgium, France & Sweden Multimedia Greek Text-To-Speech (TTS) & Other Languages (Text, Images & Audio/Sound). For more information see the Acapela Group

Interactive Greek Keyboards & Classical Greek Keyboards

GREEK KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Greek Keyboard (Text & Images).
Greek Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
Greek Keyboards include
"...Greek Keyboard, Greek (220) Keyboard, Greek (220) Latin Keyboard,
Greek (319) Keyboard, Greek (319) Latin Keyboard, Greek Latin Keyboard..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

GREEK KEYBOARD - incks.com, Published by: Mareike Hadel, Germany Multimedia Online Greek Keyboard (Text & Images).
Greek Keyboard
"...Here you can write Greek text...then you can copy it, save it as a text file or print it out..."
For more information see incks.com

UNICODE CLASSICAL GREEK INPUTER 2 - J.D. Naughton, Medieval & Modern Languages, Oxford University Multimedia First Year Greek Keyboard (Text & Images).
Unicode Classical Greek Imputer includes
"...Keyboard Help, Greek Letters, etc..."
Enter Greek letters
"...with your Roman keyboard and add diacritics after the letters...Copy and paste your input into other documents..."
For more information see James D. Naughton's Pages or the Faculty of Medieval & Modern Languages

Basic Greek Lessons

Basic Greek Lessons with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

BASIC GREEK (SHOCKWAVE) - Birtish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), U.K. Multimedia Basic Greek Lessons (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Greek Lessons
"...A gentle introduction to basic Greek..."
Greek Lessons include
"...Saying your name;
Meeting and greeting people;
Asking for directions;
Going shopping; etc..."
For more information see Other Languages Online; Languages Online; BBC Learning or the BBC

Basic Greek Lessons with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

AN INTRODUCTION TO GREEK (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - langintor.com, J. D. Eisenberg Multimedia Basic Greek Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Greek Lessons include
"...Greek Alphabet with Audio Pronunciation for each Letter;
Greek Numbers;
Greek Grammar;
Greek Topics;
Greek Verbs (in-depth); etc..."
For more information see Web-based Language Tutorials or J. David Eisenberg's Home Page

First Year Greek Courses & Lessons, Grammar Courses & Texbooks, Spelling Checkers, etc.

First Year Greek Courses with Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound

FIRST YEAR GREEK, INTERMEDIATE GREEK & ADVANCED GREEK COURSES (REAL PLAYER) - Kypros-Net, Inc. Multimedia Greek Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Free Registration.
Greek Courses
"...Learn Greek Online is currently composed of 105 real audio files (around 15 minutes each), online student notes, a collection of collaborative learning tools and an online greek dictionary and a greek spell checker..."
For more information see Kypros-Net, Inc.s

LEARNING GREEK AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE - FILOGLOSSIA (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS REAL PLAYER) - Institute for Language and Speech Processing (ILSP), Athens, Greece Multimedia First Year Greek Course (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples from over "9" First Year Greek Course Chapters include
"...Chapter 1: The Greek Alphabet; Greek Letter Combinations; Greek Genders & Articles;
Chapter 2 - Greek Greetings: Greek Dialogue; Greek Vocabulary; Greek Grammar;
Chapter 5 - Greek Telephone Conversation: Greek Dialogue; Greek Vocabulary, Greek Grammar; Greek Phrases; etc..."
For more information see Learning Greek Main Page or the Institute for Language and Speech Processing (ILSP)

Greek Spelling Lessons & Greek Spelling Checker

GREEK SPELL CHECKER - Kypros-Net, Inc, Cyprus Multimedia Greek Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see Dictionary or The Home of Cyprus

GREEK SPELL CHECKER - TextTrust Multimedia Greek Spell Checker (Text & Images). For more information see TextTrust

Greek Grammar Courses & Textbooks, Morphological Analysis, etc.

GREEK GRAMMAR - Author: Herbert Weir Smyth; Hosted by the Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI Multimedia First Year & Intermediate Greek Grammar Textbook (Text & Images).
First Year & Intermediate Greek Grammar Textbook includes
"...Greek Alphabet;
Greek Vowels and Diphthongs;
Greek Breathings;
Greek Consonants and Their Divisions;
Greek Pronunciation;
Greek Vowel Change;
Greek Parts of Speech, Stems, Roots;
Greek Declension of Substantives;
Greek Declension of Adjectives;
Declension of Greek Pronouns;
Greek Adverbs;
Greek Verbs; etc..."
For more information see Greek Grammar by H.W. Smyth's Home Page or the Christian Classics Ethereal Library

GREEK MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYZER - MultiLingual Theory and Technology (MLTT), Xerox Research Centre Europe (XRCE), Xerox Corporation
Greek Morphological Analyzer
"...Enter a Greeek sentence (max. 500 characters) and Analyze the Text..."
Greek Morphological Analyzer includes
"...Morphology (Parts-of-Speech & Minor Categories: number, tense, subsclass etc...);
Tokenization..."
For more information see Morphological analysis, tokenization & disambiguation (14 languages); XRCE Research - Demos; Research or the Xerox Research Centre Europe (XRCE)

First Year New Testament Greek Pronunciation & Reading Course with Text, Images & Audio/Sounds

LG1200: NEW TESTAMENT GREEK - AUDIO STUDY RESOURCES FOR INTRODUCTORY GREEK (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - James L. Boyce, Luther Seminary, St. Paul, Minnesota Multimedia First Year New Testament Greek Pronunciation & Reading Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Examples of First Year New Testament Greek Pronunciation & Reading Course Lessons include
"...Greek Alphabet;
Greek Pronunciation Practice;
Greek Basic Vocabulary Lists;
Greek Basic NT Vocabulary (Full Alphabetical List);
Read Aloud Greek Lessons;
Greek Stories; etc..."
For more information see the Luther Seminary

Intermediate & Advanced Greek Courses & Grammar Courses & Textbooks

Intermediate & Advanced Modern Greek Courses with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

GREEK (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Global Language Online Support System (GLOSS), Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC), Monterey, California Multimedia Intermediate Greek Course & Advanced Greek Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Click on "Greek", then "Proficiency Level" and then Skill/Modality".
All of the GLOSS lessons are categorized into one of three primary competencies:
"...Lexical (Greek Vocabulary),
Structure (Greek Grammar),
Discourse (Sevices that Bind Texts, Greek Conversations, etc.)..."
Intermediate Greek (2) includes over "42" Greek Listening Lessons & Greek Reading Lessons;
Intermediate Greek (2+) includes "2" Greek Listening Lessons & Greek Reading Lessons.
Advanced Greek (3) includes "1" Greek Listening Lessons & Greek Reading Lessons.
For more information see the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center

INTERMEDIATE GREEK & ADVANCED GREEK COURSES (REAL PLAYER) - Kypros-Net, Inc. Multimedia Greek Courses (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Free Registration.
Greek Courses
"...Learn Greek Online is currently composed of 105 real audio files (around 15 minutes each), online student notes, a collection of collaborative learning tools and an online greek dictionary and a greek spell checker..."
For more information see Kypros-Net, Inc.s

Intermediate Greek Grammar Courses & Textbooks

GREEK GRAMMAR - Author: Herbert Weir Smyth; Hosted by the Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI Multimedia First Year & Intermediate Greek Grammar Textbook (Text & Images).
First Year & Intermediate Greek Grammar Textbook includes
"...Greek Alphabet;
Greek Vowels and Diphthongs;
Greek Breathings;
Greek Consonants and Their Divisions;
Greek Pronunciation;
Greek Vowel Change;
Greek Parts of Speech, Stems, Roots;
Greek Declension of Substantives;
Greek Declension of Adjectives;
Declension of Greek Pronouns;
Greek Adverbs;
Greek Verbs; etc..."
For more information see Greek Grammar by H.W. Smyth's Home Page or the Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Intermediate & Advanced Greek Prose & Poetry Courses with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

HARVARD CLASSICS PROSE AND POETRY RECITAL PAGE (QUICKTIME) - Tom Jenkins, Department of Classical Studies, Trinity University & hosted by the: Department of the Classics, Harvard University Multimedia Intermediate & Advanced Greek Prose & Poetry Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Greek Prose & Poetry Course includes
"...Kathleen Coleman Reading of Ovid: Amores 1.13;
John Donne's Adaptation of Aeneid, Catullus 5;
Kathleen Coleman's English Translation of Statius 5.4;
Wendell Clausen and Kathleen Coleman Selected Readings of Aeneid: Book 1, 4, 6, etc.;
Richard Tarrant Reading of Catullus 5; etc..."
For more information see the Department of Classical Studies, Trinity University or the Department of the Classics, Harvard University

Intermediate & Advanced Ancient Greek Courses with Text, Images & Audio/Sound

ANCIENT GREEK (QUICKTIME) - D.J. Mastronarde, Department of Classics, Arts & Humanities Division, College of Letters & Science, University of California, Berkeley Multimedia Ancient Greek Course (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Ancient Greek Course includes
Greek Pronunciation Guide
"...provides information and examples for the pronunciation of the sounds of ancient Attic Greek..."
Greek Pronunciation Practice
"...provides examples of pronunciation of over 100 basic Greek words..."
Greek Accentuation Tutorial
"...presents information and examples to help in the understanding and mastery of the accentuation system of ancient Attic Greek..."
Greek Accentuation Practice
"...presents interactive exercises to test and develop mastery of the accentuation system of ancient Attic Greek..."
Ancient Greek Vocabulary
"...presents over 1000 basic words of Greek vocabulary, with choice of mode of action..."
Greek Verb Drill
"...presents Greek verb forms for identification. There are about 1500 verb forms in the database..."
Greek Noun Drill
"...a shorthand name for a declensional drill including forms of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns. There are about 900 forms in the database..."
Greek Paradigms; etc.
For more information see the Donald J. Mastronarde's Home Page; Department of Classics; Arts & Humanities Division or the College of Letters & Science

Intermediate & Advanced Classical Courses

CLASSICAL GREEK COURSE - Authors: Winfred P. Lehmann and Jonathan Slocum, Linguistics Research Center (LRC), College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Multimedia Classical Greek Course (Text & Images).
Classical Greek
"...A difficulty with Greek that may put off learners is the maintenance of an older form of the alphabet than that used for Latin, English, and many other languages. Moreover, accentuation varies in Greek words, and in early Greek was musical. While today accented syllables are pronounced with stress rather than tones, the older accents are still written..."
Classical Greek Course
Classical Greek Lessons
"...The Classical Greek Alphabet;
Classical Greek Pronunication;
Over "35" Classical Greek Grammar Lessons..."
Classical Greek Reading Lessons
"...Selections from Homer's Iliad, Homer's Odyssey, Herodotus' History, Book 1, etc..."
Classical Greek Master Glossary;
Classical Greek Base Form Dictionary; etc..."
For more information see Early Indo-European Online: IE Language Families; Early Indo-European Online: Introduction to the Language Lessons; Indo-European Languages and Historical Linguistics or the Linguistics Research Center (LRC)

Intermediate & Advanced New Testament Greek Courses

NEW TESTAMENT GREEK COURSE - Authors: Winfred P. Lehmann and Jonathan Slocum, Linguistics Research Center (LRC), College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Multimedia New Testament Greek Course (Text & Images).
New Testament Greek
"...The Greek in the New Testament is the so-called koine 'common language'. Based originally on the Greek of Athens, it was circulated throughout Alexander the Great's empire. Languages acquired by many non-native speakers are generally simplified, as was the koine. Morphological categories were lost, such as..."
New Testament Greek Course
New Testament Greek Lessons
"...The New Testament Greek Alphabet, New Testament Greek Pronunication;
Over "35" New Testament Greek Grammar Lessons..."
New Testament Greek Reading Lessons
Selections from 3rd Gospel (Luke), chapter 2, 1st Gospel (Matthew), chapter 2, etc..."
New Testament Greek Master Glossary;
New Testament Greek Base Form Dictionary; etc..."
For more information see Early Indo-European Online: IE Language Families; Early Indo-European Online: Introduction to the Language Lessons; Indo-European Languages and Historical Linguistics or the Linguistics Research Center (LRC)

Greek Literature & Poetry

AESOP'S FABLES - L. Gibbs, Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, University Of Oklahoma Multimedia Greek Literature & Greek Poetry (Text & Images).
In English, French, Latin, Greek & Spanish.
Aesop's Fables includes original text & translation:
"...English Texts (William Caxton, Sir Roger L'Estrange, George Townsend, Joseph Jacobs, Laura Gibbs);
Latin Texts (Phaedrus, Avianus, Ademar, Odo of Cheriton, etc.);
Greek Texts (Aphthonius, Babrius, etc.); etc..."
For more information see the Laura Gibbs's Home Page (Myth Folklore)

GREEK LITERATURE - Institute for Language and Speech Processing (ILSP), Greece Multimedia Greek Literature (Text & Images).
In Greek.
For more information see the Institute for Language and Speech Processing (ILSP)

THE PERSEUS DIGITAL PROJECT - Editor-in-Chief: Gregory Crane, Classics Department, Tufts University Multimedia Literature Collection (Text & Images).
The Perseus Project includes
"...Greek and Roman Materials; Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri;
Renaissance Materials; The Edwin C. Bolles Collection;
American Memory: Upper Midwest; etc..."

Gaelic Language, Irish Language,

Old Irish Language, Manz Gaelic Language,

Scottish Language, Scottish Gaelic Language

IRISH LANGUAGE

English <> Irish Dictionaries

Irish to English Dictionary ~ Irish Dictionaries

Old Irish Dictionaries ~ Old Irish Courses & Lessons

Irish Keyboard - Gaelic Keyboard

irst Year & Intermediate Irish Courses & Lessons
(Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound)

First Year Irish Grammar Courses

Irish Literature & Irish Poetry

MANX GAELIC LANGUAGE

English <> Manx Gaelic Language Dictionaries

SCOTTISH LANGUAGE

English <> Scottish Gaelic Dictionaries

Scottish Language Dictionaries ~ Scottish Gaelic Language Dictionaries

Scottish Gaelic Thesaurus ~ Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language

Basic, First Year & Intermediate Scottish Courses & Lessons

Scottish Literatue & Poetry

GAELIC LANGUAGE, GAEILGE LANGUAGE, GÀIDHLIG LANGUAGE

IRISH LANGUAGE, OLD IRISH LANGUAGE, MANZ GAELIC LANGUAGE, SCOTTISH LANGUAGE, SCOTTISH GAELIC LANGUAGE

IRISH LANGUAGE (GAELIC - GAELIGE)

English <> Irish Gaelic (Gaelige) Language Dictionaries

"ENGLISH-IRISH" LÍOSTAI TÉARMAÍOCHTO - acmhainn.ie, Foras na Gaelige, Ireland Multimedia English to Irish Gaelic/Gaelige Dictionary (Text & Images).
Dictionaries include
"...Lóostai Téarmaíochto;
Oll-Liosta Téarmaíochto;
Foclóir Ríomhaireachta is Teicneolaíochta Faisnéise;
Téarmaí adhmadóireachta anseo;
FoclLóir Parlaiminte; etc..."
For more information see acmhainn.ie

Irish (Gaelic - Gaelige) to English Dictionary

"GRAMADACH LEXICON" - HTML version by John T. McCranie Multimedia Irish Gaelic (Gaelige) to English Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Gaelic Dictionaries Online or Gaelic Languages Info

Irish (Gaelic - Gaelige) Language Dictionaries

AN FOCLÓIR BEAG (IRISH DICTIONARY) - Rialtas na hÉireann, AFOST, University of Limerick, Ireland Multimedia Irish Gaelic (Gaelige) Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see the University of Limerick

Old Irish Dictionaries

eDIL: OLD ENLISH & MIDDLE IRISH DICTIONARY - Project Manager: G. Toner, eDIL Project, Ireland Multimedia Old English & Middle Irish Dictionary (Text & Images).
Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language (eDIL)
"...is a digital edition of the complete contents of the Royal Irish Academy’s Dictionary of the Irish Language based mainly on Old and Middle Irish materials..."

Old Irish Courses

OLD IRISH COURSE - Authors: Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel and Jonathan Slocum, Linguistics Research Center (LRC), College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas, Austin, Texas Multimedia Old Irish Course (Text & Images).
Old Irish
"...Because there are many remarkable archaisms preserved in most of its dialects, Celtic seems to have branched off quite early from the Proto-Indo-European parent language. But the Celtic languages known from the early Middle Ages introduced quite a number of striking innovations, most of which can be accounted for by the colloquial style of everyday spoken language achieving prominence due to a very long period of oral tradition..."
Examples of Old Irish Course Lessons include
"...The Old Irish Alphabet;
Old Irish Pronunication;
Over "35" Old Irish Grammar Lessons;
Selections from Compert Con Culainn 'The Conception of Cu Chulainn', part of the Ulster Cycle, etc.;
Old Irish Master Glossary;
Old Irish Base Form Dictionary; etc..."
For more information see Early Indo-European Online: IE Language Families; Early Indo-European Online: Introduction to the Language Lessons; Indo-European Languages and Historical Linguistics or the Linguistics Research Center (LRC)

Interactive Irish Keyboard - Gaelic Keyboard

GAELIC KEYBOARD - IRISH KEYBOARD - Gate2Home.com Multimedia Online Gaelic Keyboard - Irish Keyboard (Text & Images).
Gaelic Keyboard allows
"...you to type in your language, and to view your language's keyboard layout on-screen in a virtual Semi-Real keyboard. It also allows you to simply type in a different language without messing with the operating system settings..."
For more information see Gate2Home.com

First Year & Intermediate Irish Courses & Lessons

IRISH (GIOTA BEAG!) ONLINE COURSE (SHOCKWAVE & REALPLAYER) - Author: Antain Mac Lochlainn & Hosted by the Birtish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), U.K. Multimedia First Year Irish Courses (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound).
Examples of First Year Irish Course Lessons include
"...Irish Grammar;
Irish Alphabet;
Irish Vocabulary; etc..."
For more information see Other Languages Online; Languages Online; BBC Learning or the BBC

FIRST YEAR IRISH GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (QUICKTIME & WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER) - Daltaí na Gaeilge, Ireland Multimedia First Year Irish Grammar & Vocabulary Lessons (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
First Year Irish Grammar & Vocabulary Lessons include
"...Irish Present Tense;
Irish Past Tense;
Irish Future Tense;
Irish Habitual Past Tense;
Irish Conditional Form;
Irish Propositional Pronouns;
Irish Irregular Verbs;
Basic Irish Phrases;
Irish Pronunciation Key;
Irish Abbreviations; etc..."
For more information see Daltaí na Gaeilge

SIMPLE LESSONS IN IRISH: GIVING THE PRONUNCIATION OF EACH WORD - Author: Rev. E. O'Growney, Ireland; and hosted by Phouka.com Multimedia First Year Irish & Intermediate Irish Course (Text & Images).
"...First published in 1894, this series of three books contains 140 lessons, in their original format..."
Book I
"...The following course of simple lessons in Irish has been drawn up chiefly for the use of those who wish to learn the old language of Ireland, but who are discouraged by what they have heard of its difficulties. A language whose written literature extends back for over a thousand years, and which has been spoken in Ireland for..."
For more information see Phouka's Class Pages

First Year Irish Grammar Courses & Lessons

GRAMADACH NA GAEILGE - IRISH GRAMMAR - Author: Lars Bräsicke; Nualéargais Teoranta, Southwest Donegal, Ireland Multimedia Gramadach na Gaeilge - Irish Grammar Course (Text & Images).
Gramadach na Gaeilge - Irish Grammar Course Chapters include
"...The Irish Language;
Irish Orthography (Irish Alphabet, etc.);
Irish Nouns;
Irish Adjectives;
Irish Verbs;
Irish Prepositions;
Irish Conjunctions;
Irish Personal Pronouns;
Irish Phonology (The Sounds of Irish, etc.); etc..."
For more information see Nualéargais Teoranta

Irish Literature & Irish Poetry

CORPUS OF ELECTRONIC TEXTS (CELT) - Department of History, University College Cork, Ireland Multimedia Irish History, Literature and Politics Collections (Text & Images).
CELT, the Corpus of Electronic Texts,
"...brings the wealth of Irish literary and historical culture to the Internet, for the use and benefit of everyone worldwide. It has a searchable online textbase consisting of 947 contemporary and historical documents from many areas, including literature and the other arts..."
For more information see the Department of History or the University College Cork

IRISH SCRIPT ON THE SCREEN - School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Multimedia Irish Script on the Screen (Text & Images).
Irish Script on the Screen
"...The object of ISOS is to create digital images of Irish manuscripts, and to make these images - together with relevant commentary..."
For more information see School of Celtic Studies or the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

MANX GAELIC LANGUAGE (GAELG LANGUAGE)

English <> Manx Gaelic (Gaelg) Language Dictionaries

"FOCKLEYR GAELG" - BAARLE - Contributed by Phil Kelly; HTML version by John T. McCraniey Multimedia English <> Manx Gaelic (Gaelg) Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Gaelic Languages Info

SCOTTISH LANGUAGE & SCOTTISH GAELIC LANGUAGE (GÀIDHLIG LANGUAGE)

English <> Scottish Gaelic Dictionaries - Gàidhlig

"ENGLISH-SCOTTISH GAELIC" "SCOTTISH GAELIC-ENGLISH" - "Stòrdàta Briathrachais Gàidhlig" - Sabhal Mór Ostaig, Skye, Scotland Multimedia English <> Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) Dictionary (Text & Images).
"...Scotland's Gaelic-medium college on the island of Skye..."
For more information see Fàilte gu Sabhal Mór Ostaig

THE SCHOOL GAELIC DICTIONARY - RANNSACHADH SA BHRIATHRACHAN BHEAG (GAELIC-ENGLISH DICTIONARY) - M. Mac Farlane, and hosted by Sabhal Mór Ostaig, Skye, Scotland Multimedia English <> Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Am Briathrachan Beag; Faclairean Gàidhlig; Gàidhlig air an Lìon or Fàilte gu Sabhal Mór Ostaig

THE SCHOOL GAELIC DICTIONARY - Keyed in and verified at Sabhal Mór Ostaig, The Gaelic College, Island of Skye, by Caoimhín P. Ó Donnaíle & Ruth Melton; HTML version by John T. McCranie Multimedia English <> Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Gaelic Dictionaries Online or Gaelic Languages Info

Scottish Language Dictionaries

DICCIONAR O THE SCOTS LEID - DICTIONARY OF THE SCOTS LANGUAGE - Scottish Language Dictionaries, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K. Multimedia Scots Dictionary (Text & Images).
Dictionary of the Scots Language (DSL) comprises
"...electronic editions of the two major historical dictionaries of the Scots language: the 12-volume Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST) and the 10-volume Scottish National Dictionary (SND)..."
For more information see Scottish Language Dictionaries

Scottish Gaelic Language Dictionaries

RANNSACHADH SA STÒRDÀTA BRIATHRACHAIS GÀIDHILIG (GAELIC TERMINOLOGY DATABASE) - Sabhal Mór Ostaig, Skye, Scotland Multimedia Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) Dictionary (Text & Images). For more information see Am Briathrachan Beag; Faclairean Gàidhlig; Gàidhlig air an Lìon or Fàilte gu Sabhal Mór Ostaig

Scottish Gaelic Thesaurus

THESAURUS GÀIDHLIG (SCOTTICH GAELIC THESAURUS) - Sabhal Mór Ostaig, Skye, Scotland Multimedia Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) Thesaurus (Text & Images). For more information see Faclairean Gàidhlig; Gàidhlig air an Lìon or Fàilte gu Sabhal Mór Ostaig

Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language

"ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE GAELIC LANGUAGE" - MacBain - Keyed in and verified at Sabhal Mór Ostaig, The Gaelic College, Island of Skye, by Caoimhín P. Ó Donnaíle & Ruth Melton; HTML version by John T. McCranie Multimedia Scottish Gaelic Grammar, Etymology, etc. (Text & Images). For more information see Gaelic Dictionaries Online or Gaelic Languages Info

Basic, First Year & Intermediate Scottish Gaelic Courses

SCOTTISH GAELIC ONLINE COURSES (REALPLAYER & QUICKTIME) - Sabhal Mór Ostaig, Skye, Scotland Multimedia Basic, First Year & Intermediate Scottish Gaelic Courses (Text, Images, Videos/Movies & Audio/Sound). For more information see Fàilte gu Sabhal Mór Ostaig

Scottish Literatue & Poetry

SCOTTISH POETRY (QUICKTIME & REAL PLAYER) - Scottish Poetry Library Multimedia Scottish Poetry (Text, Images & Audio/Sound).
Scottish Poetry Library
"...The Scottish Poetry Library is the place for poetry in Scotland, for the regular reader, the serious student or the casual browser..."
Since its foundation in 1984 it has amassed a remarkable collection of written works, as well as tapes and videos. The emphasis is on contemporary poetry written in Scotland, in Scots, Gaelic and English, but historic Scottish poetry and contemporary works from almost every part of the world feature too..."
For more information see the Scottish Poetry Library

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